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1、歡迎來到英語課堂歡迎來到英語課堂Passive voice被動語態(tài)的定義：被動語態(tài)的定義：語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表示語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關系。當主語是謂語主語和謂語之間的關系。當主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動語態(tài)；動作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動語態(tài)；當主語當主語是謂語動作的承受者，則為被動語態(tài)。是謂語動作的承受者，則為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞過去分詞構成，構成，時態(tài)通過時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。表現(xiàn)出來。一一.何時使用被動語態(tài)何時使用被動語態(tài) 1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要必要指出指出動作的執(zhí)行者時動作的執(zhí)行
2、者時 Paper is made from wood.He was wounded in the fight.2.需要強調動作的承受者時需要強調動作的承受者時 Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.He was awarded first prize in that contest.3.為了使語氣婉轉，避免提及自己或對方而為了使語氣婉轉，避免提及自己或對方而使用被動語態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使使用被動語態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。用被動語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。The const
3、ruction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二二.被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)的構成 1.be+done可以是被動語態(tài)，也可以可以是被動語態(tài)，也可以是系表結構形式，是系表結構形式，被動語態(tài)中被動語態(tài)中，done可以帶可以帶by短語，而系表結構短語，而系表結構中中done相當于相當于adj.不帶不帶by短語。短語。The question is settled.(系表結構系表結構)Such questions are settled by us
4、.(被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài))The composition is well written.(系表結構系表結構)The composition is written with great care.(被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài))2.許多許多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做既可以用做adj.，也可以也可以在被動語態(tài)結構中做過去分詞在被動語態(tài)結構中做過去分詞，句句中如果有中如果有by，通常是被動語態(tài)。，通常是被動語態(tài)。I was worried about you all night.(表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))I was worried by mosquitoes al
5、l night.(表動作表動作)The glass was broken by Jack.(表動作表動作)The glass is broken.(表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))三三.不同形式的被動語態(tài)不同形式的被動語態(tài) 1.含有直賓和間賓的主動結構，含有直賓和間賓的主動結構，變?yōu)樽優(yōu)楸粍訒r可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z被動時可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z另一個不動一般是主語結構的間接另一個不動一般是主語結構的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z賓語變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z。He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to m
6、e by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.2.含有復合賓語的主動句，賓補不變。含有復合賓語的主動句，賓補不變。(1)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補不變。將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補不變。They call her XiaoLi.She is called XiaoLi.(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.使役使役動詞后做賓補的不動詞后做賓補的不 定式一般不加定式一般不加to,變?yōu)楸粍幼優(yōu)楸粍?必須加必須
7、加to。(1)My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.(2)I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.(3)Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack s
8、een to take away the magazine?3.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 是由情態(tài)是由情態(tài)動詞動詞+be+p.p.構成構成They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay me for this.I must be paid for this.4.短語動詞短語動詞的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài) 一般來講一般來講,只有及物動詞只有及物動詞才有被動語才有被動語態(tài)態(tài)，因為只有因為只有及物動詞及物動詞才能有動作才能有動作的承受者的承受者;但有許多由不及物動詞但有許多由不及物動詞+介詞及其他詞類構成的短語動詞，介詞及其他詞類構
9、成的短語動詞，相當相當于及物動詞，可以有賓語。于及物動詞，可以有賓語。因而可以有被動語態(tài)，因而可以有被動語態(tài)，但應注意短語但應注意短語動詞動詞是一個不可分割的整體是一個不可分割的整體變被動時變被動時，不可丟掉構成短語的不可丟掉構成短語的介詞介詞或或副詞。副詞。這這樣的短語有樣的短語有：look after,listen to,look at,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to,make use ofThey had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.The fire had
10、been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.5.有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義The goods sells well.The door cant open.6.有些詞如有些詞如want,need,require和和 be worth后面后面加加v-ing形式為主動形式為主動,意義為被動。意義為被動。The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The book is worth reading.7.主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動時使用形式替代詞動時使用形式替
11、代詞it.We know that Britain is an island country.Its known that Britain is an island country.8.賓語為反身代詞賓語為反身代詞,相互代詞及虛詞相互代詞及虛詞it時，時，不用被不用被動，動，只用主動只用主動。I will do it myself.The man introduced himself as Mr.Wang.9.謂語動詞是以下時，謂語動詞是以下時，無被動無被動。happen,belong to,suit,fit(適合適合),have,let,join,fall,last,cost(花費花費)br
12、eak out(爆發(fā)爆發(fā)),appear,burst out(迸發(fā)迸發(fā)),hold(容容納納),lack(缺乏缺乏),agree with(同意同意).10.據(jù)說類動詞：據(jù)說類動詞：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：如：It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb.is said to 11.主動形式表被動主動形式表被動 感官動詞感官動詞:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語是物時等主語是物時;一些一些vi.主動形式
13、表被動含義主動形式表被動含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.不定式不定式to blame,to let(出租出租)作表語作表語時，主動形式表被動含義。時，主動形式表被動含義。You are to blame.The house is to let.表某物表某物需要的需要的need,want,require等后等后的動名詞用主動形式表被動含義的動名詞用主動形式表被動含義The house needs/wants/require
14、repairing be worth后的動名詞主動形式表被動后的動名詞主動形式表被動含義含義 The book is worth reading.Make these sentences passive.1.About a million tourists visit Florence each year.Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year.2.Ten million people visited London last year.London was visited by ten million people l
15、ast year.3.Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.4.Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.5.Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China.The Great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Example:-The Sag
16、rada Fimilia was designed by an English architect(Spanish)-No,it wasnt.It was designed by a Spanish architect.1.The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen.(Paris)No,it isnt.Its located in Paris.2.Paris is situated on the coast.(River Seine)No,it isnt.It is situated on the River Seine.3.Florence is v
17、isited by eight million tourists every year.(one million)No,it isnt.It is visited by one million tourists every year.4.Barcelona is known as the birthplace of western civilization.(Athens)No,it isnt.Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.5.The Parthenon was built a hundred years a
18、go.(2,400 years ago.)No,it isnt.The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.課后練習課后練習將下面主動語態(tài)的句子轉化為被動語態(tài)，將下面主動語態(tài)的句子轉化為被動語態(tài)，每空一詞。每空一詞。1.All the people made fun of him.He _ _ _ _ by all the people.2.The whole country uses electricity widely.Electricity _ _ _ in the whole country.was made fun ofis widely used
19、3.People say that house price will continue to go up in the next few years._ _ _ that house price will continue to go up in the next few years.4.We expect all the students to come early to school.All the students _ _ to come early to school.It is saidare expected5.We found him working in the fields
20、when we arrived.He _ _ _ in the fields when we arrived.6.The father made the boy work on the farm during summer holidays.The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays.was found workingwas made to work7.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.8.People all ove
21、r the world know Picasso.Picasso _ _ _ people all over the world.is being taken care ofis known by9.The couple provide money for their son to study abroad.The couples son _ _ _ money to study abroad.10.Eleven players make up a soccer team.A soccer team _ _ _ _ eleven players.was provided withis made up of
外研版高中英語Grammar 1Passive voice課件
