人教新目標八年級英語下冊Unit 8知識梳理及重難點講練

2020 — 2021 學年人教新目標八年級英語下冊 Unit 8 知識梳理及重難點講練 知 識 梳 理 一、詞匯拓展： technology (n.科技；工藝) — technological (adj. 科技的) French (n. 法語) — France (n. 法國) — Frenchman (n. 法國人) southern (adj. 南方的) — south (n. 南方) success (n. 成功) — successful (adj. 成功的) — successfully (adv.成功地) — succeed (v.成功) laughter (n. 笑，笑聲) — laugh (v. 大笑，笑) beauty (n. 美，美麗) — beautiful (adj.美麗的；美好的) — beautifully (adv. 美好地，漂亮地) introduce (v. 介紹，引見) — introduction (n. 介紹) 二、短語歸納： full of on the island bring back leave behind in two weeks be interested in country music the home of 滿是……的；(有)大量的；(有)豐富的 在島上 帶回 留下；落下；忘帶 兩周后 對……感興趣 鄉(xiāng)村音樂 ……之鄉(xiāng)  hurry up grow up at least give up wait for the marks of ever since such as 趕快；急忙(做某事) 長大；成熟 至少;最少 放棄 等待 ……的跡象 自從 例如 the beauty of nature 大自然之美 do some research 做一些研究 more than 超過；多于 one another ( = each other)互相 a number of a bit boring belong to 一些，若干 有點兒枯燥乏味 屬于；是(某團體、國家等)的成員 the number of at the end of fight over ……的數(shù)量 在……的結(jié)尾/末端 因……而爭論；爭奪 三、固定用法： be due to do sth. learn to do sth. see sb. doing sth. in+一段時間 name sb.... one...the other... can't wait to do sth. What do you think of...? have/has been to +地點名詞 it is one's dream to do sth. come to do sth. introduce A to B  預(yù)計做某事；預(yù)定要做某事 學習/學會做某事 看見某人正在做某事 在……(時間)后 給某人取名為…… 一個……另一個…… 迫不及待做某事 你認為……怎么樣？ 去過…… 做某事是某人的夢 逐漸/終于…… 把 A 介紹給 B be interested in (doing) sth.  對(做)某事感興趣 重難點講練 重點一：You should hurry up . 你得快點。 hurry up 趕快；急忙（做某事）(用在口語中，用來催促別人快走） 拓展：in a hurry 匆忙地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去做 hurry off 匆忙離開 Hurry to sp. 著急去某地 ◆ I'm in a hurry. 我很趕。 【即學即練】(1) — ____, or we’ll be late for the meeting. — It’s only half past one by my watch. We have enough time left. A. Hurry up  B. Don’t worry  C. Never mind D. Be quiet 他匆忙地回到家里去看電視節(jié)目《中國詩詞大會》。 He __________ ___________ ___________ home to watch the TV program The Chinese Poetry Competition. 重點二：辨析 be full of / filled with Treasure Island is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures. 《Treasure Island》 講的是一個小男孩出海并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個滿是珠寶的小島的故事。 full of 充滿 be full of = be filled with 充滿 ◆ If you read a lot, your life will be full of pleasure. 【即學即練】(1) If you read a lot, your life will be full ________ pleasure. A. By B. of C. for D. with (2) — The box is too heavy to carry. What’s is it? — Oh, it is _______ books. A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for 重點三：The book report is due in two weeks. 讀書報告兩周后就要到期了。 （1）due adj. 預(yù)期；預(yù)定 , 通常只用作表語。 be due to do sth 預(yù)期做某事 ◆You are due to hand in your composition on Friday afternoon. 你預(yù)計在周五下午上交作文。 （2）in two weeks “兩周之后”，in 意為“在…….以后”， “in + 一段時間”用在一般將來時的句子中，意為“在……時間后”。 He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他將回來。 注意：after 常用在一般過去式的句子中。 He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是兩個下時候到北京的。 【即學即練】(1) — Shall we stop and wait for others? — They will catch up _______ a few minutes. A. at B. on C. in D. for (2) I can finish the report on foot safety in two days. (對劃線部分提問) ________ _________ can you finish the report on food safety? 重點四：One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他們中的一個人死了，另一個朝我的房子這邊跑過來了。 One... the other 一個......另一個 詞語 other the other others the others another  含義 泛指其他的人、物 指兩個人或物中的一個 泛指另外幾個，其余的 其他東西；其余的人們 其他的；再一個；另一個  用法 作形容詞或代詞，其后接名詞的復數(shù)形式 通常用于固定短語 one... The other ...中 是 other 的復數(shù)形式，在句中作主語、賓語 特指某一范圍的“其他的人或物” 只能用于三個或更多的人或物 【即學即練】(1) Lily and her sister look the same. I can’t tell one from _________. (other, the other, others) (2) Volunteers help with research and animal rescue, and they teach ____ about sea life. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 重點五：He’s sold more than 120 million records. million n. 一百萬 他的唱片銷量已經(jīng)超過 1.2 億張。 hundred n. 百 thousand n. 千 million n. 百萬  hundreds of thousands of millions of 成百上千的 成千上萬的 成百萬的 拓展：(1) 當 million 前面有具體的數(shù)字時，用單數(shù)形式 (2 )當 million 后與 of 連用時用復數(shù)形式，millions of 是數(shù)百萬的意思，前面不能加數(shù)詞 總結(jié)：具體的不加 s 也不加 of；不具體的加 s 也加 of 【即學即練】____ people will go to the party. Do you know? A. Millions of B. Million of C. Five Millions D. Million 重點六： Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group. 如今許多歌曲只是關(guān)于美國現(xiàn)代生活的，比如金錢和成 功的重要性，而不是有關(guān)歸屬感的。(教材 P622b) 1. modern adj. 現(xiàn)代的；當代的 Eg. Modern technology has opened our eyes to many things. 現(xiàn)代科技開闊了我們的眼界，讓我們了解了許多事物。 【即學即用】根據(jù)句意和漢語提示，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~。 (2018· 泰州中考)The Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge is considered as one of the " seven wonders of the （現(xiàn)代的）world". 港珠澳大橋被認為是"現(xiàn)代世界七大奇跡"之一。modern 作形容詞，意為"現(xiàn)代的”。 2. success n. 成功 success 在此處作不可數(shù)名詞，意為"成功”。它還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為”成功的人或事”。 Eg. Failure is the mother of success. (諺語)失敗是成功之母。 His new book was a great success. 他新出版的書獲得了巨大成功。 【拓展延伸】success 的相關(guān)詞： success n. 成功 —— succeed v. 成功 —— successful adj. 成功的 —— successfully adv. 成功地 單元語法：現(xiàn)在完成時 (Present Perfect Tense) 1. 定義：（1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 ◆ — It’s so dark. 太黑了。 — Someone has turned off the light. 有人把燈關(guān)上了。 （2）表示從過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 常與 since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，since + 時間段 + ago, so far 等時間狀語連用。 ◆ I have lived here for ten years.我已經(jīng)住在這里 10 年了。（從 10 年前開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒） ◆ I have lived here since 2003. 自從 2003 年我就住在這兒。（從 2003 年開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒） 2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主語 + have / has + 動詞的過去分詞。 (當主語是第三人稱單數(shù) has, 其余人 稱用 have。) ① 肯定句：主語+have/has + 過去分詞+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句) ② 否定句：主語+have / has + not + 過去分詞+其他 I have not finished my homework. （否定句） ③ 一般疑問句：Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他 — Have you finished your homework? —Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, （肯定、否定回答） 3. has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別 Have / Has gone (to) :去了 (現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場) ◆ —Where is your father？ — He has gone to Shanghai. Have / Has been (to) : 去過（已不在去過的地方） ◆ My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方） ◆ My father has been in Shanghai for two months. = My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago. 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞： ① 常與 just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等連用，強調(diào)動作的完成，不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)。 ◆Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework. ② for + 時間段；since + 過去的時間點；since + 段時間 ago；since + 一般過去時的句子。 ◆They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England. 動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則 規(guī)則變化： 1. 一般在動詞詞尾直接加 ed。如： pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed 2. 以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動詞后面加 d。如： like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned 3. 以―輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的動詞，變 y 為 i，再加-ed。如： study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied 4. 詞尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加-ed。如： stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped 不規(guī)則變化： 1. 以不變應(yīng)萬變。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read 2. 若中間有雙寫 e，則去掉一個 e，單詞末尾再加 t。如： feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept 3. 結(jié)尾的字母 d 變 t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent 綜 合 能 力 提 升 一、完成句子 1. 從那以后，她成了美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的一位歌迷。 ___________ ___________ then, she has been a fan of American country music. 2. 從現(xiàn)在開始，這本書屬于你了。 From now on, this book ___________ ___________ you. 2. 我們都應(yīng)該互相幫助。 We all should help ___________ ___________. 3. 她逐漸意識到，事實上她是多么想念他們。 She ___________ ___________ ___________ how much she actually missed all of them. 4. 快點兒！所有人都在等我們。 ___________ ___________！Everyone is waiting for us. 一、完形填空 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote 1._____ 300 songs and an opera. Xian was born in Panyu, Guangdong, China in1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2. _____ mother. He began learning to play the violin when he was 13 years old. In the beginning,his violin was 3. ____ cheap and badly made that he could not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 4. ___ and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students who studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he 5. __ ，Xian became the school's best student 6. ___ won several prizes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yan'an to teach music at a college. 7. ____ there were no pianos in Yan'an at that time, Xian still wrote 8. ____ of his most important music there, including The Yellow River,his most famous work. In May 1940, Xian was sent to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to write music for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very 9. ____ . Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 10. ___ October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xian's music however, lives on in the people's hearts. （ ）1. A. near （ ）2. A. he （ ）3. A. so B. nearly B. him B. such C. nearby C. his C.very D. nearer D. he's D. much （ ）4. A. practise （ ）5. A. leave （ ）6. A. and （ ）7. A. If （ ）8. A. any （ ）9. A. hard （ ）10. A. at  B. practising B. leaves B.but B. Although B. little B. harder B. in  C.to practise C.left C. as C. When C. few C. hardest C. on  D. practised D.was leaving D. or D. Because D. some D.the hardest D. by