人教新目標八年級英語下冊Unit 5 知識點梳理及重難點講練

人教新目標八年級英語下冊 Unit 5 知識點梳理及重難點講練 知識梳理 一、單詞拓展 Begin (v.開始) — beginning (n.開始) heavily(adv.在很大程度上；大量地) — heavy (adj.沉重的) suddenly(ado.突然；忽然) — sudden (adj.突然的) strange(adj.奇特的；奇怪的) — stranger (n.陌生人) — strangely(ado.奇怪地) wind(n.風) — windy(adj.有風的) report(v.&n.報道；公布) — reporter(n.記者) wood(n.木；木頭) — wooden (adj.木制的) asleep(adj.睡著) — sleep (v.&n.睡覺) — sleepy (adj.困倦的) icy(ad.覆蓋著冰的；冰冷的) — ice (n.冰) completely(ado.徹底地；完全地) — complete (adj.完全的) silence(n.沉默；緘默；無聲) — silent (adj.安靜的) recently(ado.不久前；最近) — recent (adj.最近的) truth(n.實情；事實) — true (adj.符合事實的) — truly (ado.真正，確實) 二、短語歸納 at the time of 當……的時候  wait for 等候 look for pick up feel like have fun die down clean up wake up in times of turn on at first walk by on the radio the rest of take down look out of go away 尋找 接電話 感覺像 玩得高興；過得愉快 逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失 打掃干凈 醒來 在……的時候 打開 起初；起先 路過 通過廣播；通過收音機 其余的;剩下的 拆除；往下拽；記錄 向外看 離開，走開 go off take a shower make sure fall asleep in a mess break...apart each other take photos have a look by the side of make one's way eat dinner in silence have meaning to sb. point out as well (鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲 洗淋浴 確保；確認；查明 進入夢鄉(xiāng)；睡著 凌亂不堪 使……支離破碎 互相 拍照 看一看 在……旁邊 前往；費力地前進 吃晚飯 沉默；無聲 對某人有(……)意義 指出 也 三、用法總結： begin to do sth. 開始做某事  try to do sth. 努力做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 What was/were +sb. + doing when...? While sb. was /were doing... have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 當……的時候，某人在做什么？ 當某人正在做…… 重難點講練 1 考點一：My alarm didn't go off so I woke up late. go off（鬧鐘）發(fā)出響聲 重點  我的鬧鐘沒響，所以我醒晚了。 (教材 P34 2a) go off 在此處意為"(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲”，是不及物動詞短語。 Eg. I have set the alarm clock to go off at 7 a.m. 【拓展延伸】go off 的其他常見含義： 1. 離開 我把鬧鐘設在早上 7 點。 He went off early this morning. 2. (食物、飲料）變質(zhì)；變壞 Meat goes off easily in hot weather. 3. (電燈)熄滅；(電)中斷 Suddenly the lights went off. 他今天一大早就離開了。 熱天肉容易壞。 燈突然熄滅了。 【即學即用】（2018·株洲中考)The boss was late for the meeting because his alarm clock didn't A. go off B. go out C. go on 考點二： I called at seven and you didn't pick up. ?？键c※ pick up 接電話 我 7 點給你打電話你沒接。 （教材 P34 2d) pick up 在此處相當于 pick up the phone, 與 answer the phone 同義。 Eg. Lucy was watering the flowers in the garden, so she didn't pick up the phone / answer the phone. 露西(那會兒)正在花園里澆花，因此她沒有接電話。 【拓展延伸】pick up 的其他常見義項： 1. 撿起；拾起 You should pick up the paper on the ground. 2. 整理；收拾 Let's pick up the living room. 3. 搭載；駕車去接(某人) Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister? 4. (偶然)得到； She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico. 【即學即用】根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。 1. 布萊克先生拿起帽子走了出去。 Mr Black ________________ his hat and went out. 2. 明天我會開車到你家接你。 I'll ________________________ at your home tomorrow. 你應該把地上的紙撿起來。 我們收拾一下客廳吧。 我們?nèi)C場接你妹妹好嗎？ 她旅居墨西哥時順便學會了西班牙語。 考點三：Ben's dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. 本的爸爸正在把一塊塊木頭釘在窗戶上(加固)，此時他媽媽正在確認手電筒和收音機都能正常使 用。(教材 P35 3a) 1. wood n. 木；木頭 wood 在此處作不可數(shù)名詞，a piece of wood 意為 “一塊木頭” pieces of wood 意為“……塊木頭”。 此外，wood 還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為”木頭；木料；木柴”。 Eg. Her house was made of wood. 她的房子是一座木屋。 2 He used a piece of wood to make a paddle.  他用一塊木頭做了一把槳。 This set of furniture is made of different kinds of woods. 這套家具是由不同的木材制作的。 【拓展延伸】wood 作可數(shù)名詞時，還可意為“森林”，常用 woods。 Eg. She got lost in the woods.她在森林里迷了路。 2. make sure 確保；確認；查明 ?？键c make sure 意為"確保；確認；查明”，常見用法如下： ① make sure + (that) 從句 ② make sure of (doing) sth. 確保…… 確保(做)某事 Eg. When we read a piece of news online, we'd better make sure it's true before sending it to others. 當我們在網(wǎng)上讀到一條新聞時，在轉發(fā)給他人之前最好確保它是真實的。 You'd better make sure of the time and address. 你最好把時間和地址弄清楚。 【即學即用】根據(jù)所給中文意思完成句子，每空限填一詞。 (2018·天津中考) 給他蓋件外套，確保他身上暖和。 Cover him with a coat and __________ ___________ he is warm. 考點四：She also put some candles and matches on the table. (教材 P35 3a) 1. Match n. 火柴 match 在此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為”火柴”。  她還把一些蠟燭和火柴放在桌子上。 Eg. Don't let your children play with matches. 不要讓你的孩子玩火柴。 【拓展延伸】 (1) match 作名詞，還可意為”比賽”。 Eg. They are watching a football match on TV at my home at the moment. 現(xiàn)在他們正在我家看電視上的足球比賽。 (2) match 還可作動詞，意為”與·…相配”。 Eg. The silk scarf is pretty and matches her blue coat very well. 這條絲巾很漂亮，與她的藍色外套很 相配。 考點五：Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. 當雨開始重重地敲打在窗戶上時，本正幫著媽媽做晚飯。（教材 P35 3a) 1. beat v. 敲打；打敗 難點 (1) beat 在此處作不及物動詞，意為”敲打”，其過去式為 beat，過去分詞為 beaten。 Eg. Sid was beating at the door with his hand. 錫德在用手拍門。 (2) beat 還可作及物動詞，意為“戰(zhàn)勝；打敗”。 Eg. In yesterday's game, Switzerland beat the United States two to one. 在昨天的比賽中，瑞士隊以 2 比 1 擊敗了美國隊。 【易混辨析】win 與 beat ① win 意為"獲勝，贏，贏得”，指在競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中獲得勝利，其賓語多為表示比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、 金錢或獎牌等的名詞。 ② beat 意為“打敗”，指在游戲或競賽中擊敗對手，其賓語是比賽或競爭的對手。 【即學即用】 (襄陽中考) — Great！Our women's volleyball team the gold medal in Rio Olympic Games on Saturday! 3 — Yes. We see the great spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team once again! A. won B. beat C. lost D.missed 2. against prep.倚；碰；撞 (1) against 在此處作介詞，意為"碰；撞”。 Eg. The child knocked his head against the tree.那個小孩把頭撞到樹上了。 (2) against 作介詞，還可意為”倚著，靠著”。 Eg. The worker put the ladder against the wall.這個工人把梯子靠墻放著。 【拓展延伸】against 作介詞，還有以下意思： ① 與……相反，逆 We were walking against the strong wind. ② 反對 They're against building a factory against here. ③ 與……比賽 我們頂著大風行進。 他們反對在這里建一個工廠。 Our class are much sure to win the basketball game against Class Three. 班的籃球比賽。 【即學即用】 根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。 我們班一定能贏得這次與三 We are all ____________________ his idea. He stood with his back ___________ the door. 我們都反對他的想法。 他背靠門站著。 考點六： Kate realized her bag was still at home. 凱特意識到她的包還在家里。 (教材 P37 1c) realize v. 理解；領會；認識到 realize 作及物動詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或從句作賓語。 realize 一般不用于進行時態(tài)。 Eg. He didn't realize his mistake. 他沒認識到自己的錯誤。 Listening is important in learning English, but he doesn't realize it. 聽力對英語學習來說很重要，但他沒有意識到。 The man laughed when he realized what had happened. 當那個人意識到發(fā)生了什么時，便笑了起來。 【拓展延伸】realize 還可意為 “實現(xiàn)”，主語一般是人，后面常接 dream，goal 等名詞作賓語。 In the end, Tim realized his dream. 最終，蒂姆實現(xiàn)了他的夢想。 【即學即用】 (西寧中考) Last Thursday when I got to the station，I __________ I had left my ticket at home. A. understood B. realized C. believed D. seemed 考點七：My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 我的父母 之后誰都沒有說話，我們默默地吃完了晚飯。(教材 P38 2b) 1. the rest of 其余的；剩余的 the rest of 后接名詞或代詞。"the rest.…”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保 持一致。 Eg. Tim is writing, while the rest of the students are reading. 蒂姆在寫字，而其他的學生在讀書。(are 與 students 保持一致) My bangs were cut short, but the rest of my hair was still long. 我剪短了劉海，但其他頭發(fā)還是很長。(was 與 hair 保持一致) 2. in silence 沉默；無聲 ?？键c She stared at me in silence. 她一聲不響地盯著我看。 4 【拓展延伸】silent 作形容詞，意為”沉默的；無聲的；寂靜的"。keep silent 意為"保持沉默"。 Eg. The house was silent because everyone was asleep. 房子里很寂靜，因為每個人都睡著了。 【即學即用】(2019·襄陽中考) — How strange! You sit in your room for a long time, Li Ming. — I just want to be quiet for a while. I'm sorry, Dad. I failed the test again. A. in silence B. in person C. in public D. in fact 能力提升訓練 一、單選。 ( ) 1. The rain beat _______ her face as she walked through the wind and rain. A. At B. against C. in D. from ( ) 2. When the expert gave a talk, the meeting room was very quiet. All of us listened to him _______. A. in a way B. in surprise C. in silence D. in a mess (  ) 3. I _______ how difficult it’s going to be, but we must try. A. Realize B. wonder C. hope D. explain ( ) 4. (杭州中考)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________the windows. A. below B. across C. behind D. against ( ) 5. ________ Tom! It's time to get up and go to school. A. Wake up B. Make up C. Grow up D. Look up ( ) 6. I bought a magazine ________ I was waiting for the train. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while ( ) 7. Diana is so careful that she always looks over her exercises to there are no mistakes. A. find out B. make sure C. come up with D. look for ( ) 8. — Mary won first prize in the competition. — She said she made several terrible mistakes. A. I think so. B. You're welcome. C. You must be kidding. D. It doesn't matter. 二、根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，在空白處填入恰當?shù)木渥樱箤υ捦暾?、通順? A: Hi, Rose! I heard a car accident happened near your house yesterday evening. Did you see it? B: Yes, of course. It was terrible. A: (1)___________________________________? B: At about 8:00 p.m. A: (2)___________________________________? B: Two cars crashed (碰撞) because the drivers drove too quickly. A: Were the drivers hurt? B: Yes, but not seriously. A: (3)___________________________________? B: People who were walking by took them to the hospital as soon as possible. A: (4)___________________________________? B: I was taking a walk with my mother. A: Did you help do anything? 5 B: (5)___________________________________. I called the police. 三、補全短文。 glad, but, write, story, mean, start, wait, good, I, about, see Today I went to my daughter’s school and gave a talk about kindness to 60 kids and their teachers. After a small talk about the (1)________ of kindness, I gave them a task — I told them to write a small story (2)________ an act of kindness they did before and how that made them feel. Then I would choose the (3)________ one and share it with all the people the next week. When I was waiting for my daughter, I (4) ________ some teachers walking by and I hoped they would tell me if they liked the talk or not, (5) ________ they didn’t say anything. Then a little boy came to me and said, “You know, I enjoyed the talk today.”“Then are you going to write a lovely (6)________?” I asked. “I’m not good at (7)________,” said the boy. So I explained that I would be (8)________ if he could just write a word or two about an act of kindness. He didn’t have time to talk to me because his friends were (9) ________ for him, but in my heart it was a beautiful act of kindness. The act that he stopped to let (10)________ know he enjoyed my talk made me very happy. 6