Unit 1《Getting along with others》Grammar and usage學案2（譯林版必修5）

111 高二英語Module5 Unit1 Getting alone with others知識精講 譯林出版社 一. 本周學習內(nèi)容： Module 5 Unit 1 Getting alone with others 二. 學習目標： Unit 1 Grammar 三. 學習重難點： 預習生詞 get along 相處，進展 get along with get along well with betray v. 出賣，背叛 primary adj. 初步的，初級的；第一位的，主要的 primary school 小學 secondary school 中學 high school 高中 academic adj. 學習良好的；學術(shù)的 academy n. 學術(shù) stupid adj. 笨的，愚蠢的 foolish, silly overlook v. 忽略，忽視；俯瞰 cheerful adj. 愉快的，高興的 admit v. 承認 admit doing deliberately adv. 故意地 keep one’s word 信守諾言 break one’s word swear v. 發(fā)誓 forgive v. 原諒，寬恕 tease v. 嘲笑，取笑 friendship n. 友誼 in trouble 有麻煩，處于困難中 dilemma n. 進退兩難的處境，尷尬的處境 brilliant adj. 優(yōu)秀的，杰出的; 燦爛的 bright focus v. 集中注意力；聚焦 focus on n. 焦點，關(guān)注點 absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的 absent present as a result 結(jié)果 result in result from afterwards adv. 然后，后來 yell v. 吼叫，大叫 mean adj. 刻薄的；卑鄙的；吝嗇的 mean to do mean doing guilty adj. 內(nèi)疚的；有罪的 cruel adj. 刻毒的，傷人的；殘酷的，殘忍的 cruelty n. stand v. 容忍，忍讓；經(jīng)受，遭受 bear awkward adj. 別扭的，不自然的，笨拙的 outgoing adj. 開朗的，友好的 easy-going apologize v. 道歉 apologize to sb for doing bitter adj. 懷恨的；苦的；痛苦的 sweet, sour athletic adj. 適合做運動員的；健壯的，強健的，充滿活力的 athlete right n. 權(quán)利 unlikely adj. 不太可能的 likely blame v. 責備，譴責 doubt n. 懷疑，疑惑 There is no doubt that v. 懷疑；疑問 I doubt whether… behaviour n. 行為，舉止 manners jealous adj. 嫉妒的，妒忌的 jealousy n. embarrass v. 使尷尬，使困窘，使不好意思 embarrassed adj. in public 當眾，在公眾場合 gifted adj. 有天賦的，有才的 strength n. 力量，力氣；實力 strong adj. teammate n. 隊友 unfair adj. 不公平的 fair fairly stubborn adj. 頑固的，固執(zhí)的，倔強的 disagreement n. 分歧，意見不同；不調(diào)和 agree agreement ruin v. 破壞，使毀滅 ruins n. delay v & n. 耽擱，拖延，推遲 put off Grammar 動詞不定式是由 to ＋ 動詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。 I. 動詞不定式在句子中可作： 1. 主語。動詞不定式作主語時，可用 it 作形式主語。 It's important to learn a foreign language. How long did it take you to get here? What to give the children for Christmas worried Jane. 2. 作賓語。 不定式作賓語時，往往跟在某些及物動詞后面：hate, promise, mean, pretend, determine, decide, agree, manage, refuse, continue, intend, try, begin, attempt, expect等 They're going to help water the trees. I don't know how to use the computer. 當動詞不定式作賓語且?guī)в醒a足語時，用 it 作形式賓語。 Do you consider it wise to accept the offer? 后接疑問代詞或疑問副詞（wh-to do..., how to do...）的常用動詞有： decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, settle, understand, wonder, etc. 3. 作賓語補足語。 He persuaded her to take the job. We were having dinner when I heard the telephone ring. The students were made to stay in the dormitories after 11 p.m. 下列動詞后跟帶to的動詞不定式作補語： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, wish等。 后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的常用動詞有： see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, have, let, make, etc. 4. 作定語。 Please give me something to eat. I haven't decided what is a good topic to write about. He is looking for a house to live in. ·作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后需有介詞。 5. 作狀語。 He stopped to help the old lady get on the bus. (目的) She raised her voice so as to be heard. (目的) (to do, in order to do, so as to do) The boy is too young to join the army. (結(jié)果) Do you think she is clever enough to understand it? (結(jié)果) We hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (結(jié)果) (to do, so...as to do, such...as to do, enough to do, too...to do, only to do) They were excited to hear the news. (原因) He laughed to see such fun. (原因) To listen to him, you should think that no problem whatever existed. (條件) To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. (條件) 6. 作表語。 The only thing you can do now is wait and see. What the old man likes is to watch children play. II. 不帶 to 的動詞不定式。 1) 在一些固定短語中： He lets go (of) the rope. Let there be no mistake about this. 2) 在 help 后： Can I help (to) carry it for you? I helped him (to) mend his bike. 3) 在 had better, would rather, rather than, why not 等后： Doctor, you'd better have a look at this new patient. Let's finish the work now rather than leave it off till tomorrow. 4)當主語中有實意動詞 do 時，作表語的動詞不定式的 to 可以省略。在 but 和 except 前如有實意動詞 do，but 和 except 后的動詞不定式也可省略 to。 All we have to do is push the button. (cf. My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.) He will do anything for you except lend you money. (cf. He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.) III. to 后的動詞省略。 A: Shall I give the dog a chocolate? B: It's better not to. A: Would she like to see our new house? B: She'd love to. A: Do they live here? B: No, but they used to. A: Why does he go to work every day? B: Because he has to. IV. 動詞不定式的邏輯主語。動詞不定式的邏輯主語可以是任何人；可以是句子的主語或賓語等；可以是被動詞不定式修飾的名詞或代詞；也可以用 for somebody 或 of somebody。 It is important to learn at least one foreign language. （任何人） I saw the boy help the old man across the street. （the boy） —I want to buy a camera. （I） —We have several models for you to choose. （for you） It's very kind of you to come to see us. （of you） The road to be built there will connect the two towns. （The road） V. 動詞不定式的形式。 to be doing... to have done... to be done to have been done （not 等加在動詞不定式前構(gòu)成否定形式） 1. to be doing 表示動詞不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。 The children seemed to be talking about something amusing. 2. to have done 表示動詞不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 3. 當邏輯主語是動詞不定式動作的承受者時用動詞不定式的被動式。 He thought it an honour to be invited to the party. He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. 但是： 1）當動詞不定式與被修飾詞是動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式。 I have three letters to write this morning. Give him some books to read. They had only a cold room to live in at that time. 2）在名詞＋ be ＋形容詞to do, too...to do 和 enough to do 中的動詞不定式常用主動形式。 The problem is difficult to work out. This matter is too important to leave until tomorrow. These boxes are not strong enough to use as a platform. 3）在 there ＋ be 結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞不定式常用主動形式。 There is so much work to do (to be done). 4）to blame 和 to let 通常是主動形式。 I don't know if Mary is to blame. These small houses are to let at a low rental (租金). 4. 動詞如 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose, want 可后接動詞不定式的完成形式，表示未實現(xiàn)的行為。 I intended to have written to you. (I had intended to write to you.) I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (I had meant to tell...) VI. 有些動詞后可接動詞不定式或動名詞，但是句子的意義有所改變。請說出下列句子的不同含義。 I remember seeing him somewhere. I must remember to phone her when I get there. He forgot telling her about it the day before, and in the morning he told her again. I am afraid I might forget to tell him about it. You’d better remind me. I regret not accepting your advice, otherwise I would have managed to do it. I regret to tell you that I can’t accept your advice. I hope you don’t mind. Never mind. Try doing it in another way. You must try to get there before six, or you will miss seeing her. Catching the early train means getting up early. Do you understand me? I mean to get up early tomorrow morning. I am serious. They stopped talking when the speaker started to speak. They stopped to have a drink after working for a few hours. 【模擬試題】 1. Rather than _____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____ a bicycle. （1994年） A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. riding; ride 2. I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. （1997年） A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 2. I've worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job. （2000年） A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. （1997年） A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _____. （1988年） A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 6. We agree _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 7. The patient was warned _________ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 8. The purpose of new technologies is to make the life easier, _____ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 9. John was made _____ the truck for a week as a punishment. （1991年） A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 10. _______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept [參考答案] 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10.A 111