[英語考試]英語B級語法重點第二講 動詞時態(tài)

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1、 動詞時態(tài)專項復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時be(is,am,arbe(is,am,are)do/doese)do/does現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時be(is,am be(is,am are)doingare)doing現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時have/has donehave/has done現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/has been have/has been doingdoing一般過去時一般過去時was/werewas/werediddid過去進行時過去進行時was/were was/were doingdoing過去完成時過去完成時had donehad done過去完成進行時過去完成

2、進行時had been doing had been doing 一般將來時一般將來時will/shall will/shall do do 將來進行時將來進行時will/shall will/shall be doing be doing 將來完成時將來完成時will/shall will/shall have donehave done將來完成進行時將來完成進行時will/shall will/shall have been have been doingdoing一般過去將一般過去將來時來時would/shoulwould/should do d do 過去將來進過去將來進行時行時wou

3、ld/shoulwould/should be doingd be doing過去將來完成過去將來完成時時would/should would/should have donehave done過去將來完成進過去將來完成進行時行時would/should would/should have been have been doing doing v所謂動詞時態(tài)所謂動詞時態(tài),是指謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的是指謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間和狀態(tài)時間和狀態(tài).注意：學(xué)習(xí)時態(tài)關(guān)鍵關(guān)注時間狀語注意：學(xué)習(xí)時態(tài)關(guān)鍵關(guān)注時間狀語v 動作發(fā)生的時間有過去動作發(fā)生的時間有過去,現(xiàn)在和將來現(xiàn)在和將來;動作發(fā)生動作發(fā)生

4、的狀態(tài)有一般性的狀態(tài)有一般性,進行性和完成性進行性和完成性.由此構(gòu)成英語中由此構(gòu)成英語中1616種不同時態(tài)種不同時態(tài),如上表所示如上表所示:v根本時態(tài)根本時態(tài)5 5種種(紅色所示紅色所示)掌握時態(tài)的用法掌握時態(tài)的用法,應(yīng)從以應(yīng)從以下幾點入手下幾點入手:v)謂語構(gòu)成謂語構(gòu)成 )時間狀語時間狀語 )一般用法一般用法v)特殊用法特殊用法 )相關(guān)時態(tài)的區(qū)別相關(guān)時態(tài)的區(qū)別.一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時v 根本用法：根本用法：一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動作存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動作.v時間狀語時間狀語:usually,often,sometimes

5、,every morning,:usually,often,sometimes,every morning,always,regularly,now and then,occasionally,always,regularly,now and then,occasionally,seldom,on Sundays,at present,nowadays,these days,seldom,on Sundays,at present,nowadays,these days,at the momentat the momentv一般用法一般用法:1.:1.經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作

6、v I go to work on foot every day.I go to work on foot every day.v We always help each other.We always help each other.v 2.2.現(xiàn)在的特征，狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的特征，狀態(tài) 及能力及能力 He loves sports.He loves sports.v The coat fits you well.The coat fits you well.v 3.3.普遍真理普遍真理,格言警句格言警句 v Light travels faster than sound.Light travels

7、faster than sound.v Practice makes perfect.Practice makes perfect.v v特殊用法特殊用法 v1.1.某些表示動作起止的動詞某些表示動作起止的動詞,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個按方可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個按方案案,規(guī)定規(guī)定,安排要發(fā)生的事安排要發(fā)生的事.如如begin,be,come,go,begin,be,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,end,stop,open,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,end,stop,open,take off,close,fall

8、,meet,stay,take place,take off,close,fall,meet,stay,take place,happen happen 等等vEg.Tomorrow is Monday.Eg.Tomorrow is Monday.v When does the plane take off?When does the plane take off?v 2.2.在時間狀語從句在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中,用用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 vIf it rains tomorrow,well put off the

9、sports If it rains tomorrow,well put off the sports meeting.meeting.v I need one more stamp before my collection is I need one more stamp before my collection is pleted.v Even if he doesnt come this Sunday,Ill go Even if he doesnt come this Sunday,Ill go fishing by myself.fishing by myself.v3.3.特殊句型

10、特殊句型v Here/There comes our teacher.(Here/There comes our teacher.(一般現(xiàn)在時表一般現(xiàn)在時表正在發(fā)生的動作正在發(fā)生的動作)v vIt is+It is+時間段時間段+since.+since.v It is/has been five years since I moved It is/has been five years since I moved here.here.現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時:v表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進行的動作表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進行的動作.v 時間狀語時間狀語:now,at the moment,th

11、ese days,:now,at the moment,these days,nowadays,at present nowadays,at present v 一般用法一般用法:1.:1.說話時正發(fā)生或正進行的動作說話時正發(fā)生或正進行的動作 v Im giving a lecture.Im giving a lecture.v 2.2.現(xiàn)階段正在進行而此刻不一定正在進行的動作現(xiàn)階段正在進行而此刻不一定正在進行的動作 v Im reading a novel these days.(but I Im reading a novel these days.(but I am not readin

12、g it now.)am not reading it now.)v 特殊用法特殊用法:v1.1.表示一個最近按方案或安排要進行的動作表示一個最近按方案或安排要進行的動作,限于限于表表 示來去示來去,開始開始,結(jié)束結(jié)束,離開，離開，到達等瞬間意到達等瞬間意義的動詞義的動詞v特殊用法特殊用法1 1：Were leaving on Friday.Were leaving on Friday.v Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I am taking my mom am takin

13、g my mom v 2.2.在時間狀語從句在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來正在進行的動作中表達將來正在進行的動作v Dont mention this when you Dont mention this when you are talkingare talking with him.with him.vIf she If she is sleepingis sleeping,dont wake her up.,dont wake her up.v3.3.現(xiàn)在進行時與現(xiàn)在進行時與always,continually,constantly,alw

14、ays,continually,constantly,all the timeall the time等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動作等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動作,含有某種感情色彩含有某種感情色彩,如贊揚如贊揚,遺憾遺憾,討厭討厭,不滿等不滿等.v He is always coming late.(He is always coming late.(不滿不滿)vYoure always thinking of others.(Youre always thinking of others.(贊揚贊揚)vHow are you feeling today?(How are you feel

15、ing today?(比比How do you How do you feel today?feel today?更為親切更為親切)v 一般將來時一般將來時v根本用法根本用法 ：表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)：表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟扯螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作與狀態(tài)或?qū)砟扯螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作與狀態(tài).v時間狀語時間狀語:tomorrow,next week,from now:tomorrow,next week,from now on,in the future,in+on,in the future,in+時間段時間段v一般用法一般用法:1.:1.將來的動作或狀態(tài)將來的動作或狀態(tài) vI s

16、hall go shopping this afternoon./He I shall go shopping this afternoon./He will be back in a week.will be back in a week.v2.2.將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作vIn a few years time,most people will In a few years time,most people will go to work by cargo to work by car特殊用法特殊用法v.一般將來時可用來表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作一般將來時可用來表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣

17、性動作.veg.Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water.v Whenever he has time,he will come and see me.v其否認式表示其否認式表示“不能不能 沒法沒法v The machine wont work.(機器沒法開動機器沒法開動)v This play wont act.(戲劇沒法上演戲劇沒法上演)vbe going to do,be to do,will/shall do 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別v前兩者都可表示按方案前兩者都可表示按方案,安排做某事安排做某事.be to do 還可表命令還可表

18、命令,意愿或征求對方意見意愿或征求對方意見.Will/shall do那么側(cè)重臨時的打算那么側(cè)重臨時的打算.vAre we to go on with the work?=Shall we?vIf you are to be there on time,(意愿意愿)v-you have left the light on.v-Oh,sorry.Ill go and turn it off.(被告知前無打算被告知前無打算.一般過去時一般過去時v一般用法一般用法:(:(表示過去某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存表示過去某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)在的狀態(tài).(.(包括習(xí)慣性動作包括習(xí)慣

19、性動作)v 時間狀語時間狀語:yesterday,last week,ago,later,:yesterday,last week,ago,later,in 1980in 1980v I had supper at 6:30.I had supper at 6:30.v I wasnt at home last night.I wasnt at home last night.v My father often took me to visit my grandpa My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive.wh

20、en he was alive.v 特殊用法特殊用法:1.1.在時間狀語從句在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中過去將來的動作句中過去將來的動作v He said he would come if he was not busy.He said he would come if he was not busy.v 2.2.有些情況發(fā)生的時間不很清楚有些情況發(fā)生的時間不很清楚(無明確時間狀語無明確時間狀語),),但實際是過去發(fā)生的但實際是過去發(fā)生的.v I was glad to get your letter.I was glad to get your let

21、ter.v What did you say?What did you say?vWhat was the final score?What was the final score?.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時v表示動作在過去已經(jīng)完成表示動作在過去已經(jīng)完成,但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響.v 時間狀語時間狀語:already,yet,before,just,ever,:already,yet,before,just,ever,lately,recently,often,sometimes,never,lately,recently,often,sometimes,never,once,twice,

22、for,sinceonce,twice,for,sincev 根本用法根本用法1.1.不帶時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時表示說話不帶時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時表示說話之前動作已經(jīng)完成之前動作已經(jīng)完成,而后果和影響至今存在而后果和影響至今存在.vI have seen the film many times.I have seen the film many times.vThe city has taken on a new look.The city has taken on a new look.v2.2.到現(xiàn)在為止這一時期中發(fā)生的情況到現(xiàn)在為止這一時期中發(fā)生的情況(可能是屢次可能是屢次動作的總和動作的總

23、和,也可表示狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣性的動作也可表示狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣性的動作)vHow many pages have covered today?How many pages have covered today?vShe has done a lot of work for us.She has done a lot of work for us.vHe has been ill for a week.He has been ill for a week.v3.3.表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)v The conference has lasted five days.The confere

24、nce has lasted five days.v4.4.在時間狀語從句在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作從句中表達將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作vWhen you When you have learnedhave learned English,you will English,you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.find it a bridge to so much knowledge.vWell start at six if it Well start at six if i

25、t has stoppedhas stopped raining by then.raining by then.v5.特殊句型特殊句型:vIts the first time that have/has done.vIt has been/is+時間段時間段 +since.vThis is the best film that I have ever seen.v6.6.短暫性動詞的完成時不與時間段連用短暫性動詞的完成時不與時間段連用,如需連用如需連用可轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞可轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,v如如diebe dead,leavebe away,come back diebe dea

26、d,leavebe away,come back be back,fall in love with-be in love with,be back,fall in love with-be in love with,marrybe married to,join be a member of marrybe married to,join be a member of/be in/be invHe has died.He has died.v一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別v一般過去時表示在過去某個時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作，而現(xiàn)一般過去時表示在過去某個時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作，而現(xiàn)在

27、完成時講的是迄今為止的這一段時間的情況，一個在完成時講的是迄今為止的這一段時間的情況，一個影響現(xiàn)狀的動作，無論從時間上，后果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系影響現(xiàn)狀的動作，無論從時間上，后果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來了起來了v？現(xiàn)在是否在這里？現(xiàn)在是否在這里？v？剛剛在嗎？剛剛在嗎？v可能找到了可能找到了v還沒找著還沒找著過去進行時過去進行時v表示過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作表示過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作v時間狀語：時間狀語：，v ，v ，v ，v v一般用法：一般用法：1.1.過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作vThe teacher came in when they were

28、talking.The teacher came in when they were talking.vHe was reading while she was watching TV.He was reading while she was watching TV.v2.2.與與 always,continually,constantly,all the time always,continually,constantly,all the time等等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動作副詞連用表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動作,含有某種感情色彩含有某種感情色彩,如如贊揚贊揚,遺憾遺憾,討厭討厭,不滿等同現(xiàn)在

29、進行時不滿等同現(xiàn)在進行時v.過去完成時過去完成時v用法：過去某時之前業(yè)已發(fā)生的動作或情況過去用法：過去某時之前業(yè)已發(fā)生的動作或情況過去的過去的過去v時間狀語：時間狀語：before,after,once,until,by before,after,once,until,by then end of+then end of+過去時間過去時間vBy the end of last year,they had treated By the end of last year,they had treated 30,000 patients.30,000 patients.vThey had finis

30、hed all the work before dusk.They had finished all the work before dusk.vWe congratulated them on the success they We congratulated them on the success they had achieved.had achieved.v2.2.表希望表希望,打算的詞如打算的詞如hope,expect,intend,hope,expect,intend,plan,mean,want,think,supposeplan,mean,want,think,suppose可

31、用過去可用過去完成時表示本打算完成時表示本打算/希望做而沒做到的事希望做而沒做到的事.vI had hoped to visit Mount Tai last summer,I had hoped to visit Mount Tai last summer,but I was too busy.(but I was too busy.(也可表達為也可表達為hoped to have hoped to have visited/was hoping to visit)visited/was hoping to visit)v3 3 特殊句型特殊句型:剛一剛一就就vNo sooner had+N

32、o sooner had+主語主語+done than+done than+主語主語+did+didvHardly/Scarcely had+Hardly/Scarcely had+主語主語+done when+done when+主語主語+did.+did.v及某些虛擬語氣句式及某些虛擬語氣句式.vEg:No sooner had it rained than I went home.Eg:No sooner had it rained than I went home.vHardly/Scarcely had+Mr.White arrived China when Hardly/Scarc

33、ely had+Mr.White arrived China when+he+began to work.+he+began to work.v注意：此句型中先發(fā)生的用完成時注意：此句型中先發(fā)生的用完成時,后發(fā)生的用一般過去時后發(fā)生的用一般過去時v用過去完成時有一個重要前提用過去完成時有一個重要前提,既兩個動作發(fā)生在不同時既兩個動作發(fā)生在不同時間間,先發(fā)生的用完成時先發(fā)生的用完成時,但如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生但如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生,那那么可都用一般過去時么可都用一般過去時.vAfter we said goodbye to our friends,we left the After we sa

34、id goodbye to our friends,we left the village.village.vJust before I left America,I sent them a telegram.Just before I left America,I sent them a telegram.將來完成時將來完成時v表將來某時業(yè)已發(fā)生的動作表將來某時業(yè)已發(fā)生的動作.常見狀語常見狀語by+by+將來時將來時間間.vI shall have finished it before lunch.I shall have finished it before lunch.vWhen we

35、get there,they will have left.When we get there,they will have left.vThe new building will have been completed by The new building will have been completed by the end of August.the end of August.v有時也用來表揣測有時也用來表揣測.vThey will have arrived by now.They will have arrived by now.vWe worked together for a

36、year.He wont We worked together for a year.He wont have forgotten mehave forgotten mev,.現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時v表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間內(nèi)一直在進行或反復(fù)的動表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間內(nèi)一直在進行或反復(fù)的動作作.(.(可能仍在進行，可能仍在進行，也可能停了一會兒也可能停了一會兒.).)vHow long has it been raining?How long has it been raining?vIve been sitting here all afternoon.Ive been sitting he

37、re all afternoon.vShe has been cycling to work for the last 3 She has been cycling to work for the last 3 weeks.weeks.v一般過去時僅表示在過去某個時間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作一般過去時僅表示在過去某個時間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作;現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在有影響但對現(xiàn)在有影響;現(xiàn)在完成進行時那么是涉及了現(xiàn)在完成進行時那么是涉及了3 3個時間個時間,開始在過開始在過去去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)到將來并可能持續(xù)到將來時態(tài)一致時態(tài)一致v一般主句和從句時態(tài)要根

38、本一致v)如果從句所表達的為真理或不變的事實，那么永遠用現(xiàn)在時v。At that time,people did not know that the earth moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.v3)賓語從句中如主語是現(xiàn)在時，那么從句可根據(jù)需要使用任何時態(tài)ve has said he will come to you anytime.v4)時間和條件狀語從句中，在陳述語氣中一般將來時和過去將來時要用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時代替vIf you have time tomorrow,you had better have a talk w

39、ith your boss about your pay.Exercisesv1.-Oh,dear.I forgot the air tickets.v-You _ something.v A.have left B.are always leaving v C.are leaving D.always leftv2.-I _ so busily recently that I _ no v time to help you with your math.v-Thats OK.I can manage it by myself.vA.have been working;have vB.have

40、 worked;hadvC.am working;will have vD.had been working;had hadv3.Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.vA.are writing B.will write C.has written D.writev4.He _ at the meeting,but his heart attack prevented him.vA.will speak B.is going to speakvC.had to speak D.was going to speakv5.

41、-I beg your pardon,but I didnt quite catch you.v-Oh,I _ myself.vA.am talking to B.talked aboutvC.have talked to D.was talking tov6.I _ ping-pong quite well,but Ivhavent had time to play since the New Year.vA.will play B.have played vC.played D.playv7.-What _ when I phoned you?v-I _ my work,and I wan

42、ted to go out.vA.have you done;finishedvB.were you doing;have finishedvC.did you do;had just finishedvD.were you doing;had just finishedv8.-Have you finished the report?v-No.I _ it all this week.vA.will do B.had donevC.have done D.have been doingv9.-We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.v-Im

43、sorry.I _ to fix it this week,but Ive been too busy.vA.had expected;had intendedvB.are expecting;had intendedvC.expect;intendvD.expected;intendv10.They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.vA.save B.are savingvC.have saved D.were savingv11.-I will come to attend your lecture

44、at 10:00 tomorrow.v-Im sorry,by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office.vA.is being met B.will meetvC.will be meeting D.will have metv12.I know Mr.Brown;we _ to each other at an international conference.vA.are introduced B.are been introducedvC.were introduced D.had been intro

45、ducedv13.Dont bother to look for my dictionary-it _ some day.v A.turns up B.has turned upvC.will turn up D.is going to turn upv14.The plane _ at 7:00 pm,so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.v A.has left B.would leavevC.will have left D.leavesv15.The train _ at the present speed until

46、 it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.vA.went B.is going C.goes D.will be goingv16.I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.vA.prefer B.preferredvC.had preferred D.am preferringv17.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.vA.have told;wa

47、shes B.have been told;washesvC.was told;washed D.have been told;is washedv18.-Is Tom still smoking?v-No.By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.vA.will be B.will have gonevC.will have been D.has been goingv19.-Look at the black clouds.It _ soon.v-Sure.If only we _

48、out.vA.is raining;didnt come vB.is to rain;wont startvC.will rain;havent started vD.is going to rain;hadnt comev20.When he was alive,the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.vA.was coming B.had comevC.comes D.would com

49、ev21.-Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.v-No,I _.vA.dont B.do C.wont D.willv22._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.vA.When left B.LeavingvC.If you leave D.Leavev23.With the development of science,more new technology _ to the field of IT.vA.has introduced B.is being introducedvC

50、.is introduced D.was introducedv24.-Each of the students,working hard at their lessons,_ the book.v-So have I.vA.is reading B.has read vC.reading D.readsv25.It is when the plane _ that youd better find out at the booking office.vA.would take off B.had taken offvC.was taking off D.is taking offv26.I

51、thought Jim would say something about his school report,but he _ it.v A.doesnt mention B.hadnt mentionedvC.didnt mention D.hasnt mentionedv27.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A.left,had arrived B.left,arrived C.had left,had arrived D.had left,arrivedv28.We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned29.They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A.had enjoyed B.was enjoying C.has enjoyed D.had been enjoying