2020高中英語人教版 選修8教師用書：Unit 1 SectionⅡ Warming UpReading — Language Points Word版含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points (一)根據(jù)英文釋義和首字母提示寫出單詞 1．hardship (n.)something that makes your life difficult or unpleasant 2．boom (n.) a quick increase of business activity 3．elect (v.) to choose to do something 4．racial (adj.) relating to the relations

2、hips between different races of people 5．means (n.) a way of achieving or doing something 6．percentage (n.) an amount expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100 (二)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 7．He’ll illustrate some of these differences, for which he will use photographs as illustration.(illustration)

3、8．①There is a distinct possibility that she’ll be your teacher next term.(distinct) ②I can make a clear distinction between the two.(distinct) 9．①The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.(major) ②He spent the major part of a year abroad.(major) 10．An Italian can speak Italian,_whose mot

4、herland is Italy.(Italy) 11．The USA has many immigrants from the world, and people of the world still like to immigrate there now.(immigrate) 1．means n．手段；方法(單復(fù)數(shù)相同) [教材原句]　Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which e

5、xisted in prehistoric times. 科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這些遷居者通過一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。 ①All possible means have been tried, but not a means has worked. 所有可能的方法都嘗試過了，但是沒有一種方法奏效。 by means of　 　　　　　 用……辦法；借助 by all means 當(dāng)然可以；一定；務(wù)必 by no means (＝ not at all) 絕不；一點(diǎn)都不 by this means 通過這種方式 by any means

6、無論如何 ②She could not speak, but made her wishes known by_means_of signs. 她不會說話，但她用手勢表達(dá)她的愿望。 ③I’ll buy you an English reader by all means. 我一定給你買本英語讀本。 ④By no means is punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. 懲罰絕不是一個(gè)幫助他們在精神上和身體上健康成長的明智選擇。 2．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半(常與the

7、連用) [教材原句]　Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原居住人民傳授天主教。 by/with a majority 　　　 以多數(shù)；大半 be in the/a majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb. 超過對方的票數(shù) ①In the

8、 nursing profession, women are in a/the majority. 女性在護(hù)理行業(yè)中占大多數(shù)。 ②Tom had a majority over John and won the election. 湯姆得票多于約翰，獲得選舉的勝利。 [點(diǎn)津]　the majority 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可；“the majority of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“the majority of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ③The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.

9、大多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。 ④The majority of people find it quite hard to live on the money they earn because prices hike in basic goods. 大多數(shù)人覺得靠他們賺的錢來維持生活相當(dāng)困難，因?yàn)榛镜娜粘Ｉ钣闷穬r(jià)格飛漲。 ⑤The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的破壞很容易修復(fù)。 巧學(xué)助記 3．elect v．選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 [教材原句]　By the time California elected to

10、 become the thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亞選擇成為美國第31個(gè)聯(lián)邦州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會了。 [語境串記]　Like men, women have the right to elect and to be elected. 婦女享有同男子平等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。 ①She elected an art course because she was interested in art

11、. 因?yàn)樗龑λ囆g(shù)感興趣，所以選擇了藝術(shù)課。 elect to do ...　　　　　　 選擇或決定…… elect sb.(to be/as) ... 選舉某人為…… ②She elected_to_become a teacher. 她決定當(dāng)老師。 ③He was elected (as/to be) MP for Oxford East. 他被選為牛津東區(qū)的議員。 [點(diǎn)津]　在“elect sb.＋職務(wù)”句式中，總統(tǒng)、市長等獨(dú)一無二的職位前不用加任何冠詞。 ④They all elected him president of the Department. 他們

12、一致選他為部門主任。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．They tried all means, which possibly were (be) helpful, but unfortunately none worked. 2．Those who favour the proposal are in the majority. 3．Early this year, he was_elected (elect) as Prime Minister. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．By_no_means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to

13、 finish the task by_all_means. 他對目前的工作一點(diǎn)也不滿意，要求我們務(wù)必一定完成任務(wù)。 2．Only a_minority_of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are_in_the/a_majority. 在那個(gè)城市只有少數(shù)人沒有汽車，但是乘坐地鐵上班的人卻占了大多數(shù)。 3．He was so helpful that_we_elected_him_as director of our department. 他如此樂于助人，以至于

14、我們都推舉他當(dāng)我們部門的負(fù)責(zé)人。 1．live on　　　　　繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存；靠……生活；以……為生；(人)以……為食 2．by means of ... 用……辦法；借助…… 3．in addition 而且 4．declare war on ... 向……宣戰(zhàn) 5．make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 6．keep up 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) 7．become home to 成為……的家園 8．a(chǎn)ttract ... to ... 把……吸引到…… 1．live on (1)

15、繼續(xù)生存；繼續(xù)存在 ①He died ten years ago, but his memory lives on. 他十年前就去世了，但他仍然活在人們的記憶中。 (2)靠……生活；以……為生；(人)以……為食 ②What did Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong live on in the Tiangong­2 space module? 景海鵬和陳冬在“天宮二號”太空艙中以什么為食？ live with　　　　　　 忍受；忍耐 live up to 符合；不辜負(fù)；履行 live through 經(jīng)歷過 live by doing

16、 靠……為生 ③Living_with growing despair, he finally managed to live_through the cold winter by living_on insipid food. 絕望之感日益增加，他就這樣忍受著，最終他靠吃難吃的食物挨過了那個(gè)寒冬。 ④The old man lives by selling newspapers every day. 這位老人每天靠賣報(bào)紙謀生。 2．keep up [教材原句]　In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of thei

17、r own，which today still keeps up their Danish culture. 1911年，丹麥移民建立了他們自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍然保留著丹麥文化。 ①The USA kept up the pressure on extremist organization ISIS. 美國繼續(xù)對極端組織ISIS施壓。 ②The shortage of supplies is keeping the price up. 供應(yīng)不足使價(jià)格居高不下。 keep up with　　　　 趕上，跟上；保持一致 keep away (from) 避開；不接近 keep o

18、ff 遠(yuǎn)離；勿靠近 keep ... from 阻止；使免于 ③We can often see the notice “Keep_off the grass” in the park. 在公園里我們經(jīng)常能見到“請勿踐踏草地”的告示。 ④I hope I’m not keeping you from your work. 希望我沒有妨礙你工作。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．As Senior 3 students, it is the most important to keep up a good state of mind in face of failure. 2

19、．The operation turned out to be very successful, and the old man lived on for another ten years. 3．They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 4．In addition, he was taught how to repair cars. Ⅱ.選詞填空 1．Nowadays, many young people from the countryside are going to big cities to m

20、ake_a_life for themselves. 2．In some rural places of China, some people still prefer keeping_up their traditional lifestyle. 3．In_addition,_you can elect to share your files with others. 4．The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house by_means_of a ladder. 5

21、．Although her husband died, the old lady lived_on for many years with an optimistic attitude. 1．[句型展示]　Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know as California, no one really knows. 第一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來到我們現(xiàn)在稱之為加利福尼亞的地方的誰也說不清楚。 [典例背誦] The picture reminded me of what I had experience

22、d in the village. 這幅畫使我想起了我在那個(gè)村子里的經(jīng)歷。 2．[句型展示]　However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，美洲土著人很可能至少在15 000年以前就生活在加利福尼亞了。 [典例背誦] It’s_likely_that the conference will be put off because of the weather. 這次會議有可能會由于天氣原因而被推遲。 3．[句型

23、展示]　Of_the_first_Spanish_to_go_to_California,_the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原居住人民傳授天主教。 [典例背誦] She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in Rio Olympics. 她是第一個(gè)在里約奧運(yùn)會上贏得金牌的運(yùn)動員。 4．[句型展示]　By_th

24、e_time California elected to become the thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亞選擇成為美國第31個(gè)聯(lián)邦州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會了。 [典例背誦] By the time you arrive home, your father will have left for Shanghai on business. 當(dāng)你到家的時(shí)候，你爸爸將已經(jīng)出差去上海了。 5．[句型展

25、示]　It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人們認(rèn)為，很快，民族融合將空前地大，這樣一來，也就不會再有什么明顯的大種族或大的文化群體，取而代之的將是多種族、多文化的混合體。 [典例背誦] It is said that the price of these

26、goods will go down again. 據(jù)說這些貨物的價(jià)格會再次下跌。 1．However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，美洲土著人很可能至少在15 000年以前就生活在加利福尼亞了。 (1)本句式中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。 It is likely that ...……是可能的，此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為Sb./Sth.be likely to do ...某人/物可能做……。 ①I

27、t is likely that the sports meet will be put off till next week. ＝The sports meet is likely to be put off till next week. 運(yùn)動會有可能推遲到下周舉行。 ②She is very likely to ring me tonight. ＝ It is very likely that she will ring me tonight. 她今晚很有可能給我打電話。 (2)其他表示“……可能……”的句型： ③It is possible for her to se

28、t a world record again. ＝It is probable that she will set a world record again. ＝She is likely to set a world record again. ＝It is likely that she will set a world record again. 她有可能會再次創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄。 2．It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no dis

29、tinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人們認(rèn)為，很快，民族融合將空前地大，這樣一來，也就不會再有什么明顯的大種族或大的文化群體，取而代之的將是多種族、多文化的混合體。 (1)本句屬于“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that ...”結(jié)構(gòu)，句中that引導(dǎo)主語從句，主語從句本身又是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句中(so ...) that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 (2)“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that ...”結(jié)構(gòu)用法說明： ·句型框架：it是形式主語，tha

30、t引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，that僅起連接作用，不作成分。 ·常用過去分詞：said, reported, believed, hoped, suggested等。 ·句型轉(zhuǎn)換：該句型可轉(zhuǎn)換為“Sb./Sth.＋be＋過去分詞＋不定式”和“People/Sb.＋say/think/report/ ...＋that ...”句型。 ①It is said that he has passed the driving test. ＝ He is said to_have_passed the driving test. 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)通過了駕駛考試。 ②It is r

31、eported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years. ＝ The way people spend their holidays is_reported_to_have_changed a great deal in the past ten years. 據(jù)報(bào)道在過去10年里人們度假的方式已改變了許多。 Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．I arrived first.The next one to_come (come) was Tom.

32、2．He is said to_have_gone (go) abroad, so you couldn’t have seen him last night. 3．By the time we arrived, the meeting had_been (be) over. 4．Some plant diseases that never occurred in the past are very likely to_break (break) out. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Where I disagree with you lies in what_you_have_said di

33、sagrees with what you have done. 我不同意你的地方在于你所說的與你所做的不一致。 2．My son told me gladly that he was the third person to_finish_his_work in his class. 我兒子高興地對我說他是他們班第三個(gè)完成作業(yè)的。 3．It_is_believed_that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 人們認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn)。 4．It_is_likely_that some imaginative

34、 ideas come to us when we’re unfocused. 一些創(chuàng)造性的觀點(diǎn)有可能在我們放松的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．By no means will I give up though I am faced with so much trouble. 2．Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the majority of them were (be) eventually able to improve their living conditions. 3．Seeing

35、 many sufferings from all kinds of diseases, he elected to_become (become) a doctor. 4．It is a shame to make a life by depending on others. 5．To keep up good relationships with your teachers and classmates, you should learn to be on good terms with them. 6．The government has taken measures to mak

36、e this custom live on. 7．We should think of what use can be made of such material. 8．He is always the first to_come (come) and the last to_leave (leave)． 9．It is_reported (report) that more than 50% students are short­sighted. 10．It is quite likely that there are some planets like the Earth

37、, on which there might also be life. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I think I’m_likely (我可能) to get the job, but if Bob applies for it too, I will be hopeless.(likely) 2．It is honorable to_make_a_life (謀生) with your hands.(life) 3．A panda lives_on_bamboo_leaves (以竹葉為食)．(live) 4．A_majority_of_the_toys (這些玩具中的大多數(shù)) a

38、re yellow.(majority) 5．We use a_percentage_of_our_income (我們一部分收入) as an investment.(percentage) 6．They succeeded by_means_of_perseverance (靠毅力)．(means) 7．He led a peace movement in_the_late_1930’s (在20世紀(jì)30年代晚期)．(late) 8．They kept_up_the_struggle (繼續(xù)斗爭) till they succeeded.(keep) Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A The

39、re are different cultural traditions in the 38th District of California communities: Cambodian, Hmong, Indo­American, Chamorro, and African­American.Individual events focus on each culture. Cambodian people first came to the 38th District when they escaped from being killed by the Khmer

40、Rouge during the 1970s.Cambodian traditions are kept alive in the celebration of the Cambodian New Year in April, which features (以……為特色) native food, religious events, and traditional Cambodian dances, with their costumes and beautiful movements.The Hmong people, who came to the 38th District becau

41、se of the war in Vietnam, celebrate their New Year in December.Wearing colorful costumes, singing native songs and playing native instruments, the Hmong celebrate New Year by performing ceremonies to honor the dead and the spirits of nature.The tradition of the Indo­Americans in the District is

42、 kept through their social, professional and political clubs, and by wearing their traditional dress and performing folk dances from India.The Chamorro people, first from the Mariana Islands and Guam in the Pacific, hold an annual cultural fair in Long Beach; central to the Chamorran tradition is re

43、spect for elders, religious beliefs, storytelling, dancing, canoemaking, and the production of tools.Marking the end of slavery, Juneteenth was first celebrated on June 19 in Galveston, Texas, in 1865.Today African­Americans in Long Beach celebrate the holiday with choir performances, African d

44、ances and displays of African art products. Individual events also help to combine many races and nationalities in the 38th District.Kidsday recognizes the outstanding achievements of 100 to 200 Downey youth in academic, athletic and community­based activities.Other 38th District events includ

45、e the annual Downey Youth Fishing Day and the Anaheim International Festival street fair.The Long Beach Municipal Band is also important to the 38th District and so is Long Beach’s sister city of Sochi, Russia. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了美國加利福尼亞州第38區(qū)豐富多彩的多民族文化。 1．What do we know about Cambodian people in the 38t

46、h District? A．They first came there in the 1870s. B．They went there to escape being killed. C．Their New Year is celebrated in January. D．Their life has been improved by the Khmer Rouge. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的前兩句可知，首批柬埔寨人是在上世紀(jì)70年代遷入第38區(qū)的，他們是為了避免被Khmer Rouge (紅色高棉組織)殺害，其新年是在四月慶祝。 2．Who moved to th

47、e 38th District because of a war? A．The Hmong people. B．The Indo­Americans. C．The African­Americans. D．The Chamorro people. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“The Hmong people, who came to the 38th District because of the war in Vietnam”可知A項(xiàng)正確。 3．According to the text, all the following events help

48、to unite different races EXCEPT ________. A．the Long Beach Municipal Band B．the annual cultural fair in Long Beach C．the annual Downey Youth Fishing Day D．the Anaheim International Festival street fair 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最后一段中所提到的各個(gè)文化活動(A、C、D項(xiàng))都有利于各種族及各民族的大團(tuán)結(jié)，B項(xiàng)為查莫羅文化的一部分。 4．Which of the following

49、is the best title for the text? A．Tradition VS Reform B．Cultural shock and national harmony C．America’s different cultural traditions D．Different cultural events in the 38th District 解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了美國加利福尼亞州第38區(qū)豐富多彩的多民族文化，詳細(xì)介紹了五種不同的傳統(tǒng)文化，故D項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。 B Native American life is different to

50、day than it was centuries ago, but there is still a great degree of pride and independence in Native American life. Pride in one’s tribe, care of the land and respect for nature characterized native American life, and many Native Americans share these principles today. Although the history of Americ

51、an Indians on the continent has in later years included many sad events, Native American pride still remains and Native American life is ideally filled with pride for one’s roots and love of nature. Many Native Americans today live on reservations, but in generations past, they spanned (橫跨) th

52、e continent and their lifestyles and traditions varied from tribe to tribe as they do today. Some Native Americans survived by hunting and gathering and lived in tents, while others lived in complex longhouses and had a very organized and complex political system. Before white settlers came to the c

53、ontinent, Native American life was free of European influences, and Native Americans lived simply off the land. They were not yet familiar with the serious diseases that would later take many lives, as Europeans brought smallpox against which Native American populations lacked resistance. Alt

54、hough there was often cooperation between tribes regarding farming and trade, other tribes were continuously at war with each other, such as the Algonquin and the Iroquois. However, the Iroquois would often incorporate (合并) conquered tribes into their sophisticated political system and thus enlarge

55、their nation. Many of these tribes and rivalries were exploited when white settlers landed on the continent, and some tribes were pitted (使?fàn)幎? against others to serve the colonists’ designs. Native American life also included a unique view of spirituality and health. The American Indians knew

56、 what we are discovering today — the mind and the spirit play a critical role in physical illness and healing (康復(fù)). Native American life was also characterized by love of nature, and today’s concern about conservation and environmentalism is inspired by views which were and still are the marks of

57、Native American life. 語篇解讀：本文介紹了美國土著印第安人生活方式的變遷，以及他們對健康和自然的理念。 5．What are Native Americans proud of? A．The land. B．Nature. C．Their own roots. D．Their independence. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“...Native American life is ideally filled with pride for one’s roots and love of nature”可知，美國印第安人對自己的部落、自己的根充

58、滿了自豪感。 6．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Native Americans didn’t trust Europeans. B．Europeans helped Native Americans much. C．Native Americans and Europeans lived in peace. D．Native Americans were taken advantage of by Europeans. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。分析文章第三段最后一句可知，歐洲人利用印第安人之間的矛盾來實(shí)現(xiàn)自己殖民的目的

59、。 7．Which was probably a sad event in the history of American Indians? A．Many of them died from smallpox. B．They survived by hunting and gathering and lived in tents. C．Conquered tribes were incorporated into their political system. D．Some of them had a very organized and complex

60、political system. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段最后一句可知，印第安人對天花沒有抵抗力，因此死了很多人。這是令人痛心的歷史。 8．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The influence of Native American life. B．Characteristics of Native American life. C．Native Americans’ awareness of environment. D．Native Americans’ view o

61、f spirituality and health. 解析：選D　主旨大意題。文章最后一段的第一句就是該段的主題句。該段主要介紹印第安人獨(dú)特的對于健康和精神的理解。 Ⅳ.語法填空 Today, after finishing dinner in town, my husband and I were driving back home.As we pulled over, we saw a couple __1__ (paint) their furniture. I went inside our home, __2__ (change), and then went back ou

62、t again to ask our neighbors if they needed any help.While leaving my home, I was plagued (困擾) by thoughts of __3__ (embarrass), denial, or __4__ (receive) but looked down on skeptically.However, I gathered the courage to go down and ask __5__ anyway! Initially, the woman __6__ (deny)．Then, the man

63、 said, “Sure，” and he handed me a spray paint bottle.We got into some good conversations __7__ painting with great effort.When we finished, I briefly chatted with them before leaving. In the end, not only did I enjoy helping them, but also learned about my neighbors.__8__ the way home, I must admit

64、 I couldn’t help but wonder __9__ they might be thinking about me.It is tough to do a good deed for others and not expect that they will be thinking good about you. Today’s experience taught me some __10__ (value) lessons in my life! Hopefully, these lessons will help me continue my acts of kindness in future. 答案：1.painting　2.changed　3.embarrassment　4.being received　5.them　6.denied　7.when/while　8.On　9.what　10.valuable