工位刀架設(shè)計(jì)

party. No party Comrade. XII of the rules and regulations, the law is difficult to guarantee. "Bring order out of chaos at the beginning, our party began to amend the constitution, to the party promulgated the current constitution, it is our party is in office the best since the party constitutions. Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out:" we discuss the strengthening of political discipline, the most basic is to abide by the constitution, according to the constitution of the provisions to do. The constitution of the provisions, all Party members must abide by, senior cadres should take the lead in compliance. Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out: "the state laws, the party constitution of the party constitution is to regulate and control the party constitution. For me this has nearly 70 million Party members of the party, the party's thought Unified constitution, selfAnd sleep in accordance with the constitution, has the extremely significant significance. Our party has always been high degree of attention to the party constitution, has always been to develop and perfect party constitution, study and implement the party constitution as the party's construction of a basic work and unremitting efforts to push forward. Our party has always attached great importance to the Party Chapter, is because they can not effectively learning the party constitution, abide by the Constitution and implementation of the party constitution, safeguard Party Constitution, to enhance the party's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, to consolidate the party's ruling status and keep the party's advanced nature, related to the Party's cause success or failure of the party's life and death survival. We must from such a strategic height to recognize the problem. "The Party of ten Invariant are from a total of eight years, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the high degree of attention to play the Constitution's basic guiding role. Became general secretary, he published the first article in a signed article is < conscientiously study the party constitution strictly abide by Party Constitution. In the eighteenth session of the Central Commission for discipline inspection of the second plenary session of the 16th Central Committee, he again pointed out: "the constitution is the party's constitution, general rules for the strict political discipline to observe and safeguard the constitution of." "every Communist Party member especially cadre of leaders to firmly establish the constitution of awareness, and consciously with the constitution to regulate their own words and deeds, in any case have to do political belief, political stand, political direction without bias." in the eighteenth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Put, everything are extremely important in the construction of the party in the Fifth Plenary Session of the important speech, he and a stressed: "the constitution is the party must follow the general rules and general rules. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the exposition, profoundly expounded the partyyuan, an increase of 17.5%; local government general budget revenue of 500 million Yuan, ... Painting, model culture creates new Ma Church community, creating Lake scenic spot culture education base, received high evaluation from provincial and municipal discipline Inspection Commission, the people's daily special report. Constantly promote independent Commission against corruption culture construction to rural extends, created established Dahlin rural industry Park independent Commission against corruption culture positions, formed has a support "service low double excellent" of members lead team, constantly perfect and established Park funds assets management, and village audit supervision, and villagers democratic financial, system, strengthening Park party, and Chief, and financial, full public, powerful to guarantees has new rural construction, by city rural style clean government inspection unit led of height evaluation. 　　Through the implementation of honest and clean government cultural construction, and effectively educate the broad masses of party members and cadres and consciously regulated behavior and discipline, honesty in politics and culture to create a good atmosphere and fresh development environment. Although we in implement implementation independent Commission against corruption guidelines aspects made has must effectiveness, but away from superior of requirements also exists must of distance, main performance for: a is system enough sound, education, and supervision, and prevention, and punishment, aspects long-term mechanism also enough perfect, especially in enrollment bid work regulatory aspects also needed strengthening; II is regulatory supervision exists lost of Yu wide, and lost of Yu soft, investigation illegal disciplinary case of efforts also needed strengthening, individual sector and cadres also different degree exists treat gift, not to benefits not do, and mess do of phenomenon; Three for honest work is the new situations and new problems in finding timely enough, treatment measures are not strong enough. 　　To solve these problems, we will proceed from the following five aspects of rectification, make sure to implement the provisions of the code. (A) deepening the learning, enhance the consciousness of honesty in politics. To create event as an opportunity to Excel and learning party, further increasing the governance capability and advanced construction, reinforced rules of the broad masses of party members and cadres awareness, sense of responsibility, sense of honor, improve working ability and level of scientific development. Should make full use of meetings, in particular central group learning opportunity, further strengthening the study and education of the code, the intensive warning education, education the majority of party members and cadres known fear, knew fear, honesty in politics of tension the strings, consciousness and enhancing the implementation of the initiative. 　　Also, pay attention to apply what they have learned, consciously study results into planning work, new ideas,攀枝花學(xué)院機(jī)電一體化課程設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 目錄 摘要................................................................................................................................I Abstract....................................................................................................................... II 1 緒論 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)生的背景及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 ....………………………………………………………..1 1.2 國內(nèi)外數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ………………………………………………………………..2 1.3 自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的發(fā)展趨勢..…………………………………………………………………..3 2 系統(tǒng)與總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................5 2.1 自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………………5 2.2 總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………………5 2.2.1 自動(dòng)刀架的分類……………………….………………………………………………5 2.2.2 刀架的抬起……………………………………………….……………………………6 2.2.3 刀架的回轉(zhuǎn)和選位.......………………………………………………………………..7 2.2.4 刀架的下降、定位和壓緊…………………………………………………………….7 2.2.5 減速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………….………8 3 電機(jī)的選擇及傳動(dòng)蝸桿副的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………..……………………9 3.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇………………………………………………………………….…...…………9 3.2 蝸桿副的選用…………………………………………………………………...…………….9 3.3 蝸桿副的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………………...10 3.3.1 按齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………10 3.3. 2校核渦輪齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度…………………………………………………………12 3.3. 3蝸桿的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………12 3.4 蝸桿傳動(dòng)的潤滑……………………………………………………………………………...13 4 自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的工作原理...................................................................................................14 5 電氣控制部分設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................................................16 5.1 機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的分類及組成…………………….………………………………………………..16 5.2 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………….……………………………………..17 5.3 控制軟件的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………….………………………………………..19 結(jié)論 ..............................................................................................................................................22 參考文獻(xiàn) .....................................................................................................................................23 致謝 ............................................................................................................................24 constitution, the party position. The Party Constitution of the party and the party construction of the basic norms of behavior, which is the whole Party must follow the general rules and general rules. How seriously study the party constitution strictly abide by Party Constitution seriously study the party constitution, strictly abide by the constitution, is Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Party issued a call to arms. He pointed out:" to seriously study the party constitution, strictly abide by the constitution, is to strengthen the Frequently in the party's construction of a basic work, but also all comrades in the party should do our duty and solemn responsibility to strengthen the party constitution consciousness, enhance the party's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness has a very important role to the Party of 18 big party constitution amendment promulgated as an opportunity, in the party rise study party constitution, abide by Party Constitution of the boom. "The constitution as the foundation for building the party being in charge of the party constitution, general rules, the condensation of the party for a long time the formation of valuable experience and wisdom, on behalf of the party's fundamental volition is standard within the party political life, the adjustment of inner party relations, norms and constraints of the whole party behavior of the fundamental law of the party construction of fundamental Tube through the guiding role, which is to strengthen the party's construction of the "Outline". To strengthen the party's construction, the most fundamental task is to study and implement the party constitution, the basic way is to study and implement the party constitution. Therefore, it is necessary to put serious study party constitution, strictly abide by the constitution to the party's ideological construction, organizational construction, style construction, corruption and advocating honesty construction and system construction of the whole process and all aspects. Comprehensive strictly, from where the "strict", how to "strict"? The most important is to seriously study the party constitution, strictly abide by the constitution. The constitution is the party constitution, general rules that now exist within the party all sorts of problems, in the final analysis is a violation of the provisions of the constitution. The education of learning party constitution learning "is not the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution and carrying out the ineffective implementation caused. If the constitution the provisions of specific, practical and effective implementation of all comrades in the party and the party organizations at all levels, a comprehensive strictly and to basically achieve the central decision, 2016 in all Party members to carry out learning the party constitution, party rules, a series of speech, do a qualified party member education, and to study the Constitution in the first place, the truth in here. To do a good job ofnew measures to promote work, the courage to take responsibility, dare to break hard to ensure district, Government decisions and arrangements to implement. (B) strengthening supervision, severely punish acts of violation. One is to open the channels of supervision. Vigorously promote the party affairs public, open, widely accepted supervision by the masses, pay attention to social groups and public opinion supervision, the powerful force formed to urge party members and leading cadres properly exercise their powers. Second, strong supervision and inspection. Democratic life into full play, important briefings, reports related to personal matters and evaluation of cadres ' study of inner-party supervisory system, a comprehensive grasp of guidelines for the implementation of the independent Commission against corruption-related cases of leading cadres of party members, focus on strengthening key areas of project selection, funding, officials monitor, detect and rectify the problem, promote honesty in politics. Third, strengthen disciplinary investigation. Seriously the implementation of JI ... 　Recently, the County leading bodies at the county level to carry out "three trees" practice, which is to improve the governing ability and promoting the development of XX effective measure. I carefully follow your deployment requirements, and actively participate in the "three trees" campaign. Read Group, prepared by the Department in the near future of the ideological and political construction of leading cadres in the city reader, read the relevant information, larger harvest, inspired. I think the ability of repelling is to strengthen the party's governing capacity in questions of the construction of meaning, an important topic remains in front of party members and cadres at all levels, we need to further explore and ponder. The ability of repelling the name suggests, is asking party members and cadres at all levels in particular, leading cadres at all levels, not only ourselves, establish a correct concept of the independent Commission against corruption, political integrity, self-discipline, rejection of corruption, made for the people, pragmatic, honest leadership, and strengthen the sense of responsibility, earnestly implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, implementation of the baolian anti-corruption measures to ensure the realization of business-building, construction of a win-win situation. Next, I combined with their thinking, experience and contact XX practical, on how to enhance the ability of repelling, on four aspects of cognition. 　　Irregularities, please comment. First, the construction of the propulsion system, and enhance the system of corruption since the founding of our party, have been thinking about tackling corruption. Currently, democratic legal system, management system and supervision mechanism is not perfect, administrative acts are not very standardized, Enterprise behavior and market behavior, corruption presents a diverse, pluralistic, complex trends, this shift the struggle between the two, will accompanyI 攀枝花學(xué)院機(jī)電一體化課程設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 摘 要 數(shù)控車床的刀架是機(jī)床的重要組成部分，刀架用于夾持切削用的刀具，其結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響機(jī)床的切削性能和切削效率。因此數(shù)控車床的刀架設(shè)計(jì)的好與壞、效率高與低將直接影響到產(chǎn)品的加工時(shí)間和質(zhì)量，進(jìn)而影響到制造業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要對(duì)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、主要傳動(dòng)部件的設(shè)計(jì)和電氣控制部分設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。包括減速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、上刀體鎖緊與精定位機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及刀架抬起機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，蝸桿副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，以及硬件電路及控制軟件的設(shè)計(jì)。 本設(shè)計(jì)的自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架控制系統(tǒng)電路簡單，可靠性高，有效地解決了傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床換刀主要依靠手工換刀，輔助時(shí)間長，精度不高，累積誤差大，加工出的產(chǎn)品既費(fèi)時(shí)且質(zhì)量不如數(shù)控加工的問題，也為車床數(shù)控改造中的自動(dòng)換刀問題提供一種有效的解決途徑。 關(guān)鍵詞： 數(shù)控機(jī)床；系統(tǒng)控制；自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架  Abstract CNC lathe’s tool carrier is an important part of machine. Knife used for cutting tool clamping, its structure directly affect the efficiency of machine tools, cutting and cutting. Therefore, CNC lathe turret design is good or bad, high efficiency and low will have a direct impact on processing time and quality of the product, thereby affecting the rapid development of manufacturing sector. This design mainly on the overall structural design, primarily the design of transmission components and electrical control design and calculation. Including reduction drive mechanism design, the cutter body lock and precision positioning mechanism design and the design of turret lifting bodies, worm gear design calculations, as well as hardware circuits and control software design. The design of the automatic revolving turret control system is simple, reliable and effective solution to the traditional machine tool change mainly rely on manual tool change, supporting a long time, accuracy is not high, the errors large, processing the time-consuming and the quality of products the question as CNC machining, but also Lathe automatic tool changer problem to provide an effective solution. Keywords ：CNC Lathe System Control Auto-rotating Turret 攀枝花學(xué)院機(jī)電一體化課程設(shè)計(jì) 1 緒論 1 緒論 1.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)生的背景及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 數(shù)控機(jī)床是數(shù)字控制機(jī)床（Computer numerical control）的簡稱，是一種裝有程序控制系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化機(jī)床。該控制系統(tǒng)能夠邏輯地處理具有控制編碼或其他符號(hào)指令規(guī)定的程序，并將其譯碼，從而使機(jī)床動(dòng)作并加工零件。自從 1952 年美國麻省理工學(xué)院研制出世界上第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床以來，數(shù)控機(jī)床在制造工業(yè)，特別是在汽車、航空航天、以及軍事工業(yè)中等領(lǐng)域被廣泛地應(yīng)用，數(shù)控技術(shù)無論在硬件和軟件方面，都有飛速發(fā)展。數(shù)控機(jī)床加工的特點(diǎn)有： (1)自動(dòng)化程度高，具有很高的生產(chǎn)效率。除手工裝夾毛坯外，其余全部加工過程都可由數(shù)控機(jī)床自動(dòng)完成。若配合自動(dòng)裝卸手段，則是無人控制工廠的基本組成環(huán)節(jié)。數(shù)控加工減輕了操作者的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，改善了勞動(dòng)條件；省去了劃線、多次裝夾定位、檢測等工序及其輔助操作，有效地提高了生產(chǎn)效率。 (2)對(duì)加工對(duì)象的適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。改變加工對(duì)象時(shí)，除了更換刀具和解決毛坯裝夾方式外，只需重新編程即可，不需要作其他任何復(fù)雜的調(diào)整，從而縮短了生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期。 (3)加工精度高，質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。加工尺寸精度一般在 0.005～0.01mm 之間，不受零件復(fù)雜程度的影響。由于大部分操作都由機(jī)器自動(dòng)完成，因而消除了人為誤差，提高了批量零件尺寸的一致性，同時(shí)精密控制的機(jī)床上還采用了位置檢測裝置，更加提高了數(shù)控加工的精度。 (4)易于建立與計(jì)算機(jī)間的通信聯(lián)絡(luò)，容易實(shí)現(xiàn)群控。由于機(jī)床采用數(shù)字信息控制，易于與計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)連接，形成 CAD/CAM 一體化系統(tǒng)，并且可以建立各機(jī)床間的聯(lián)系，容易實(shí)現(xiàn)群控。 數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)是關(guān)系到國家戰(zhàn)略地位和體現(xiàn)國家綜合國力的重要基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè)其制造水平高低和擁有數(shù)量是衡量一個(gè)國家工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化程度的重要標(biāo)志，在國防建設(shè)上更是具有戰(zhàn)略意義的重要基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè)。 經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控是我國 80 年代科技發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。這種數(shù)控系統(tǒng)由于功能適宜，價(jià)格便宜，用它來改造車床，投資少、見效快，成為我國"七五"、"八五"重點(diǎn)推廣的新技術(shù)之一。十幾年來，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控技術(shù)也在不斷進(jìn)步，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品不斷改進(jìn)完善，并且有了階段性的突破，使新的經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能更強(qiáng)，可靠性更穩(wěn)定，功率增大，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，維修方便。由于這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展增強(qiáng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控的活力，根據(jù)我國國情，該技術(shù)在今后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)還將是我國機(jī)械行業(yè)老設(shè)備改造的很好途徑。對(duì)于原有老的經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控車床，特別是80年代末期改造的設(shè)備，由于種種原因閑置的很多，浪費(fèi)很大；在用的設(shè)備使用至今也十幾年了，同樣面臨進(jìn)一步改造的問題，通過改造可以提高原有裝備的技術(shù)水平，大大提高生產(chǎn)效率，創(chuàng)造更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 1.2 國內(nèi)外數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 自 1952 年在美國出現(xiàn)第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床至今，雖不到 60 年，但其發(fā)展卻很快。特別是近 20 年來，由于微電子和計(jì)算機(jī)技的進(jìn)步，發(fā)展更為迅速。例如日本，1957 年才研制出第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床，1965 年年產(chǎn) 39 臺(tái)，可到 1970 年便增加到 1451 臺(tái)，1980 年增加到 22052臺(tái)，1989 年則達(dá)到 59705 臺(tái)，即占到其機(jī)床年總產(chǎn)量的 32.5%、總產(chǎn)值的 73%。1987 年日本已擁有數(shù)控機(jī)床(不含鍛壓機(jī)械)6.6 萬臺(tái),其全部金切機(jī)床擁有量的 11%。其它一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展也艱迅速，如西德，1985 年年產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床約 3 萬臺(tái)，占機(jī)床年總產(chǎn)值的54.2%，擁有量 7 萬臺(tái)，占總擁有量的 5.7％。1989 年年產(chǎn) 20549 臺(tái)（不含鍛壓機(jī)械)占機(jī)床年總產(chǎn)值的 65.2%。美國 1987 年年產(chǎn) 6047 臺(tái)，占機(jī)床年總產(chǎn)量的 6.6%,擁有量 222000臺(tái),占總擁有量的 9.6%,1989 年占機(jī)床總產(chǎn)值的 50.2%。蘇聯(lián) 1987 年年產(chǎn)量 26000 臺(tái)，占總產(chǎn)值的 46.4%。意大利 1988 年數(shù)機(jī)床占總產(chǎn)量的 45.1%，擁有量 83600 臺(tái)，占機(jī)床擁有量 15.2%，1989 年占總產(chǎn)量的 60%，英國 1987 年數(shù)控機(jī)床年產(chǎn)量 2728 臺(tái)，占總產(chǎn)值的 44.6%，擁有量 53700 臺(tái)，占總擁有量的 7%。法國 1987 年年產(chǎn)量 2259 臺(tái)，占總產(chǎn)量的 8.28%，占總產(chǎn)值的 70.9%，擁有量 81000 臺(tái)，占總擁有量的 5%。 隨著電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)歷了電子管、晶體管、中小規(guī)模集成電路、大規(guī)模集成電路和超大規(guī)模集成電路五個(gè)階段。因前三代是以專用電路和硬接線插補(bǔ)，紙帶格式識(shí)別，絕對(duì)或增量定位及字符編碼等功能的，故稱之為硬件式數(shù)控，即為一般的 NC 系統(tǒng)。自 70 年代中期以后出現(xiàn)的第四、第五代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，由大規(guī)模、超大規(guī)模集成電路及微處理機(jī)組成。該數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有很強(qiáng)的程序存儲(chǔ)能力，一系列的功能都可以由不同的軟件程序來實(shí)現(xiàn)，故稱為軟件式數(shù)控，即通常稱 CNC 系統(tǒng)。目前，硬件式(主要是第三代)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)雖仍有生產(chǎn)，但已較少，國際上現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的大多是第四代或第五代的產(chǎn)品，即軟件式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。由于計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，硬件的集成度得到提高和軟件日益 豐富，國際數(shù)控裝置的水平和功能不斷提高與完善，現(xiàn)在已普遍進(jìn)入了成熟應(yīng)用階段。世界上生產(chǎn)數(shù)控裝置的廠家很多，包括一些數(shù)控機(jī)床生產(chǎn)廠在內(nèi)，有名望的有日本的法蘭克(FANUC)、三棱電機(jī)、安川電機(jī)、大隈等，ERAL（ELECTRI）公司、AB(ALLEN BREDLEY)公司、德國的西門子（SIEMENS)、特勞布(TRAUB)，黑特勒科赫約有數(shù)十家，但是較美國的 GE(GEN—GOULD)公司，聯(lián)幫（HEOKLER＆KOCH)、海登海(HEIDEN1lAIN)、意大利奧罩維得(OLIVETT)、菲迪亞(FIDIA)公司、西班牙的 FAGOR 公司等。在這些較有名的公司中，從產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、技術(shù)水平和市場的占有率等方面的綜合比較來看，又以日本(FANUC)公司列居首位，其次是聯(lián)幫德國的西門子、海登海和美國的 AB 公司。 我國數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展起步于二十世紀(jì)五十年代，通過"六五"期間引進(jìn)數(shù)控技術(shù)，"七五"期間組織消化吸收"科技攻關(guān)"，我國數(shù)控技術(shù)和數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)取得了相當(dāng)大的成績。特別是最近幾年，我國數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，1998～2004 年國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)量和消費(fèi)量的年平均增長率分別為 39.3%、34.9%。盡管如此，進(jìn)口機(jī)床的發(fā)展勢頭依然強(qiáng)勁，從 2002年開始，中國連續(xù)三年成為世界機(jī)床消費(fèi)第一大國、機(jī)床進(jìn)口第一大國，2004 年中國機(jī)床主機(jī)消費(fèi)高達(dá) 94.6 億美元，但進(jìn)出口逆差嚴(yán)重，國產(chǎn)機(jī)床市場占有率連年下降，1999 年是 33.6%，2003 年僅占 27.7%。1999 年機(jī)床進(jìn)口額為 8.78 億美元（7624 臺(tái)），2003 年達(dá)27.1 億美元（23320 臺(tái)），相當(dāng)于同年國內(nèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)值的 2.7 倍。國內(nèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床制造企業(yè)在中高檔與大型數(shù)控機(jī)床的研究開發(fā)方面與國外的差距更加明顯，70%以上的此類設(shè)備和絕大多數(shù)的功能部件均依賴進(jìn)口。由此可以看出國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床特別是中高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床仍然缺乏市場競爭力，究其原因主要在于國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床的研究開發(fā)深度不夠、制造水平依然落后、服務(wù)意識(shí)與能力欠缺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用推廣不力及數(shù)控人才缺乏等。 1.3 自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的發(fā)展趨勢 數(shù)控刀架的發(fā)展趨勢是：隨著數(shù)控車床的發(fā)展，數(shù)控刀架開始向快速換刀、電液組合驅(qū)動(dòng)和伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)方向發(fā)展。 目前國內(nèi)數(shù)控刀架以電動(dòng)為主，分為立式和臥式兩種。立式刀架有四、六工位兩種形式，主要用于簡易數(shù)控車床；臥式刀架有八、十、十二等工位，可正、反方向旋轉(zhuǎn)，就近選刀，用于全功能數(shù)控車床。另外臥式刀架還有液動(dòng)刀架和伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)刀架。電動(dòng)刀架是數(shù)控車床重要的傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，合理地選配電動(dòng)刀架，并正確實(shí)施控制，能夠有效的提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，縮短生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間，消除人為誤差，提高加工精度與加工精度的一致性等等。另外，加工工藝適應(yīng)性和連續(xù)穩(wěn)定的工作能力也明顯提高：尤其是在加工幾何形狀較復(fù)雜的零件時(shí)，除了控制系統(tǒng)能提供相應(yīng)的控制指令外，很重要的一點(diǎn)是數(shù)控車床需配備易于控制的自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)刀架，以便一次裝夾所需的各種刀具，靈活方便地完成各種幾何形狀的加工。 數(shù)控刀架的市場分析：國產(chǎn)數(shù)控車床今后將向中高檔發(fā)展，中檔采用普及型數(shù)控刀架配套，高檔采用動(dòng)力型刀架，兼有液壓刀架、伺服刀架、立式刀架等品種，近年來需要量可達(dá) 1000～1500 臺(tái)。 國外數(shù)控車床的發(fā)展目的在于提高加工精度和縮短制造周期。實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目的之手段是實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)床多功能化和工序工種集成，開發(fā)多種多樣復(fù)合化加工的機(jī)種，如增添銑削功能的復(fù)合加工車削中心、雙主軸多刀塔(雙刀塔或四刀塔)數(shù)控車床和車削中心、雙主軸同步驅(qū)動(dòng)，雙刀塔同時(shí)進(jìn)行加工車削中心、五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)車銑復(fù)合中心、車磨復(fù)合加工機(jī)床、具有車、銑、鏜、磨和激光熱處理多種功能的高度復(fù)合化的復(fù)合加工中心等等。我國數(shù)控車床經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展，特別是近幾年迅速為回轉(zhuǎn)刀架的收信與發(fā)信控制體，控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)蝸桿傳動(dòng)，上下齒盤嚙合，螺桿的發(fā)展，與國際先進(jìn)水平的差距在逐年縮小。對(duì)于某些依賴于進(jìn)口的高檔數(shù)控車床，如高精度數(shù)控車床