牛津深圳版八年級上CHAPTER02講義.doc

Reading News [uncountable] 1. new information about something that has happened recently e.g. Whats the latest news? Thats great news. 一條消息要說a piece/bit of news Do you want the good news or the bad news first?(找馬達加斯加二墜機片段) news 不能用a, an修飾 e.g. a news story/item/report 2. reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television or radio e.g. Shenzhen daily news The wedding was front-page news. no news is good news (saying): if there were bad news we would hear it, so as we have heard nothing, it is likely that nothing bad has happened People person 1. [plural] persons; men, women and children peple指人時，無復數(shù)形式，總是以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn) e.g. There were a lot of people at the party. Many young people are out of work. 2. 但指“民族”時，有單復數(shù)形式。[countable] all the persons who live in a particular place or belong to a particular country, race, etc e.g. the native peoples of Siberia e.g. the French people 【辨析】 Person： a human as an individual People指人們時，著重全體方面，可以說some people Persons 意指人們時，著重個體方面，可以說two persons. We held a meeting after school. Hold-held-held: They are holding a sports meeting on the playground. 【辨析】have, hold, host (1) have 是最常用的一個動詞，表示進行某一活動。 Have a meeting have a rest have a walk have sports (2) hold 召開，舉行，主語及時承辦者，又是參與者，參與者成分比較單純，是本單位或團體內(nèi)部自主舉行的活動。 We held a sports meeting last week. （3） host 本意為主人，在此為做主人，做東，主辦之意，指由多個單位或團體聯(lián)合舉行的某一活動交由某一單位具體組織。 We held the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 【拓展】take a hold of sth. 抓住或握住某物 hold back 阻止 hold in 壓住，忍耐 hold up舉起 hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 hold out 伸出 hold on （電話）別掛斷 First, we decided to elect the chief editor. First, I should have a good rest. 【辨析】First at first 1） first，首先，表示做事情的第一步，強調(diào)順序。 First，cut up the bananas. Then, put the bananas into the blender. 2) at first 最初，開始的時候，表示最初的情況，而最后不是這樣。 At first， he felt very difficult. But at last, he found it very easy. 【拓展】 1） 第一個人（或事物） They’re the first to get to the top of mountain. 2) for the first time 第一次 I saw him for the first time. 3)列舉條目，第一 Frist… secondly… thirdly… decide to do= make a decision to do=make up one’s mind to do 決定做某事 He decided to go it alone and start his own business. We should choose Joyce, because she has experience. Experience 經(jīng)驗不可數(shù)，經(jīng)歷可數(shù) He is short of experience. I had an unusual experience yesterday. Experience is the teacher of fools. It was a new experience for me to cook alone. 對我來說，獨自烹飪是一種從未有過的經(jīng)歷。 【拓展】 experience 作動詞，感受，體驗，有……的經(jīng)歷 She has never experienced real army life. 她從未體驗過真正的軍旅生活。 Have you experienced pleasure, pain and difficulty? 【辨析】Because because of 連詞because意為“因為”、“由于”時，只能連接一個從句；because of 是復合介詞，意為“由于”，但后面只能接一個賓語 I went back to the factory not because of the rain, but because I had a lot of work to do. (前原因狀語，后原因從句) You will be responsible for different sections of the paper. Paper 紙，報紙，論文 1） 紙，不可數(shù)， a piece/sheet of paper 表示一張紙 e.g. 2） 文章，論文，書面作業(yè)，考卷，可數(shù)， e.g. we have many papers handing in every day. For example, how often should we publish the paper? How often 多久一次，是對在某段時間內(nèi)進行某個動作的次數(shù)的提問。答語通常是never，sometimes, often, once a wee等表示頻率的副詞或短語，用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。 How often do you play basket ball? Once a day. Everyday 【知識鏈接】 How long 意為“多久，多長時間”是對一段時間的提問，答語通常是（for）there days/ weeks/ months等表示時間段的短語，用于各種時態(tài)。 How long do you study at school every year? ——for six month. How soon 意為還要多久，是對某個基本時間到將來某個動作結束或發(fā)生的這段時間的提問，答語通常是“in+一段時間”常用一般將來時 How soon can you finish the work? In half an hour. We agreed to conclude the meeting then Conclude vi結束，終結；vt. 推斷，斷定；締結，議定 Mr. Poe’s article concludes with the following words-Eds.下文就是Poe先生這篇小說的結尾——編者按。 Let us conclude this chapter with the six following points.讓我們用以下六點作為我們的結論。 We considered the last question briefly. Consider vt. 認為，考慮， 體諒，照顧 vi. 考慮，思考 We must consider the question in all its bearings. 我們應該考慮到文體的各個方面。 Kitty is considering going to Shanghai this weekend. Kitty正在考慮本周末去上海的事情。 Briefly adv. 簡單地，簡介地，簡短地 He told me briefly what had happened. 他把發(fā)生的事簡略地對我說了一遍。 We finished discussing everything, so I suggest coming to the end of our meeting. Discuss v. 討論，商議 They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow. We need to discuss the pros and cons of this method. 我們必須討論此方法的正反面。 The elderly = the elderly people 老年人 We should show enough respect to the elderly people. 我們應該對老年人充分尊重。 Take charge of / be responsible for / be in charge of 負責，管理，承辦，掌管 At last Danny took charge of the meeting. He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away. ☆ Take it over among yourselves. Take over = discuss 商討，討論 among與between among 用于三者或三者以上，意為“在……中間”，賓語通常是一個表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)量或具有復數(shù)（或集合）意義的名詞或代詞；而between主要指兩者之間，其賓語往往是表示兩者的名詞或代詞，或是由and連接的兩個人或物。 Language 1. 情態(tài)動詞ought to 和 should 的用法 should & ought to: 情態(tài)動詞，表可取性，應當，應該。要注意的是，should 和ought to 這兩個詞的用法大致相同，ought to語氣稍強，常用于指外部強加的法律或規(guī)定；should隱含了個人的觀點，因此語氣稍弱。 簡單句式 should ought to 陳述句 You should play with your pet for some time every day. You ought to play with your pet for some time every day. 否定句 You should not (shouldn’t) feed your dog at the table. You ought not to (oughtn’t to) feed your dog at the table. 一般疑問句 —Should I go to bed with my little dog? —Yes, you should. —No, you shouldn’t. —Ought I to go to bed with my little dog? —Yes, you ought to —No, you oughtn’t to. 在反意疑問句里，下面兩種形式都可以： He ought to be here now, shouldn’t（oughtn’t） he? 2 感嘆句 感嘆句通常有What, how引導，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情。What 修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，感嘆句結構主要有以下幾種： （1） How+形容詞+a+名詞+陳述語序！How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ （2） How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序！How lovely the baby is!小毛頭真可愛。 （3） What+名詞+陳述語序！What noise they are making! 他們真吵！ （4） What+a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序！What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ （5） What+形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+陳述語序！What wonderful ideas we have! （6） What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序What cold weather it is! 為了更好地掌握感嘆句的用法，請牢記以下口訣： 陳述句表事實，感嘆句表感情。陳述變成感嘆，主謂系表先分清。 賓語狀語移句首，表語亦須打頭陣。名詞之前用what，形副之前how先行。 復數(shù)名詞無冠詞，事先分析莫輕心。如果名詞不可數(shù)，摒棄a, an不留情。 冠詞a, an 要分明，清音輔音是標準。句子結構要完整，標點符號要變更。 總結規(guī)律進步快，編個歌訣給你聽。 ( )2._______she dances! A. How good B. How well C. What well ( )3._______quiet the park is! A. What a B. How C. How a ( )4._____his father works! A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful ( )5._____noisy they are making! A. What B. How C. How a ( )6.______delicious soup! A. How B. What C. What a ( )7.______heavy snow! A. What a B. What C. How ( )8.____old bike Li Lei is riding! A. What a B. What an C. How ( )9.______exciting moment it is! A. How B. How an C. What an ( )10.______supper we’re having today! A. What a delicious B. How delicious C. What delicious ( )11.________fine weather it is today! A. How B. What a C. What ( )12._____fast the boys are running! A. What B. What a C. How ( )13._______the moon cakes are! A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious ( )14.____surprising news it is! A. How B. What C. What a ( )15.____time we’re having today! A. What a good B. How good C. What good ( )16._______I miss you ! A. What B. How C. How do ( )17.Look! ______beautiful that lake is! A. How B. What C. What a ( )18. ________ slowly Tom runs! A. How B. What C. What a ( )19._____lovely the snow looks! A. What B. How C. What a ( )20.________useful information it is! A. What an B. How C. What 小試牛刀：用What或How填空： 1. a big tree it is! It is a big tree. 2. big the tree is! The tree is big. 3. beautiful pictures they are! They are beautiful pictures. 4. beautiful the pictures are! The pictures are beautiful. 5. high the building is! 6. big eyes she has! 7. lovely the ice-cream is! 8. lovely ice-cream! 小試牛刀：將下列句子變成感嘆句 1. It is a very nice present. →_______ _______ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today. →_____ _____ weather we have today! 3. It’s sunny today. →_____ _____ sunny day it is today! 4. The children are working hard. →_____ _____ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully. →_____ _____ she played basketball! 6. He is good at singing. →_____ _____ he sings! 7. He was doing well in dancing. →_____ a _____ dancer he was! 8. Tom coughs badly. →______ ______ ______ cough Tom has! 9. The fish is very lovely. →______ ______ the fish is! 10. They live a happy life today. →______ ______ ______ life they live!