中考專題復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

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1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1中考專題復(fù)習(xí)中考專題復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、定義 不充當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它們不受主語(yǔ)限制，無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)變化，又稱非限定性動(dòng)詞。二、形式1. 動(dòng)詞不定式（to do sth. ）2. 動(dòng)名詞（v. -ing） 現(xiàn)在分詞（v. -ing)3. 分詞 過去分詞（v. -ed或不規(guī)則變化）第1頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)2不定式的句法作用第3頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第4頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第5頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第6頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第7頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)【溫馨提示】1. help后接不定式時(shí)可以省略to；2. 有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式時(shí)通常省略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, le

2、t, make, have（簡(jiǎn)記為一感一聽三看三讓）。上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，其后的不定式必須補(bǔ)上“to”。第8頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim. 湯姆幫他的弟弟學(xué)習(xí)游泳。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom. We often hear Jack sing English songs. 我們常聽見杰克唱英文歌。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Jack is often heard to sing English songs. 第9頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)【牢記】以下詞后跟不定式1. want

3、, would like, get, decide, learn, teach, wish, hope, expect, agree, plan, pretend, enough, dare, refuse, fail, prepare, try, manage, help, offer, beg, afford, promise, be+形容詞后, 疑問詞后, 序數(shù)詞后 ，the+形容詞最高級(jí)后2. be supposed do sth，be uesed to do sth, uesd to do sth(過去常常做某事）try ones best to do sth, cant wait

4、to do sth,3.句子：Its ones duty to do sth. It takes sb +錢或時(shí)間to do sth.第10頁(yè)/共64頁(yè) 考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。功能功能例句例句說(shuō)明說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多對(duì)你的健康有害處。吃太多對(duì)你的健康有害處。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜歡打籃球。我非常喜歡打籃球

5、。表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作作Stamps are used for sending letters. 郵票是用來(lái)寄信的。郵票是用來(lái)寄信的。第11頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)功能功能例句例句說(shuō)明說(shuō)明表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的愛好是集郵。他的愛好是集郵。多數(shù)情況下可轉(zhuǎn)換為多數(shù)情況下可轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)Bill is in the reading room. 比爾在閱覽室里。比爾在閱覽室里。只表明它所修飾的詞只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等的用途、所屬關(guān)系等第12頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)【牢記】1.其后常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組有finish，en

6、joy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(習(xí)慣于)，所有介詞等第13頁(yè)/共64頁(yè) 3當(dāng)need，require，want作“需要”解時(shí)，后加動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)式等于不定式的被動(dòng)式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗戶需要被清洗。第14頁(yè)/共64

7、頁(yè)4. 部分動(dòng)詞既可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，兩者意義區(qū)別較大。remember doing sth. 記得做過某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘了做過某事forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事第15頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)need doing sth. 需要做某事（被動(dòng)含義）need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主動(dòng)含義）try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try to do sth. 盡力做某事hear/se

8、e sb. doing sth. 聽見/看見某人正在做某事hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事第16頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)allow doing sth. 允許做某事allow sb to do sth. 允許某人做某事go on to do sth 做完一件事，接著做另一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)不停做某事第17頁(yè)/共64頁(yè) 考點(diǎn)三 分詞 1. 分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞+-ing”構(gòu)成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞+-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。第18頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)2. 分詞的句法功能功能功能例句例句說(shuō)明說(shuō)明定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)Do you

9、 know the boy playing football? 你認(rèn)識(shí)踢足球的那個(gè)男你認(rèn)識(shí)踢足球的那個(gè)男孩嗎？孩嗎？Please hand in your written exercise. 請(qǐng)交上你的筆試練習(xí)。請(qǐng)交上你的筆試練習(xí)。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是所其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是所修飾的詞；過去分修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯賓語(yǔ)是它所修飾的賓語(yǔ)是它所修飾的詞詞狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。Seen from th

10、e hill, our school looks more beautiful. 從小山上看，從小山上看，我們的學(xué)校顯得更美麗了。我們的學(xué)校顯得更美麗了。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)第19頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)功能功能例句例句說(shuō)明說(shuō)明表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)The news is exciting. 這個(gè)消息這個(gè)消息令人興奮。令人興奮。Im interested in the book. 我對(duì)這本書感興趣。我對(duì)這本書感興趣?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)詞表示某種狀態(tài)補(bǔ)補(bǔ)足足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Dont keep me waiting for a long

11、 time. 別讓我等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。別讓我等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理發(fā)了。昨天晚上我理發(fā)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 被修飾的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)被修飾的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)（即是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)（即主動(dòng)關(guān)系）；過去分主動(dòng)關(guān)系）；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被修飾詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被修飾的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)（即被動(dòng)關(guān)邏輯賓語(yǔ)（即被動(dòng)關(guān)系系)第20頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第21頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第22頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第23頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第24頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)一. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2012安順中考)Do you know whether the man _ by

12、the door is Mr. Smith? Sure. Weve known each other for a long time. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands【解析】選B。standing by the door是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與被修飾的man之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。第25頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)2. （2012隨州中考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playingC. for us playing D. of us to

13、play【解析】選A。Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意為“做某事對(duì)某人”，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主語(yǔ)，故選A。第26頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)3. (2012自貢中考)When are you going to have your hair _? This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting【解析】選A。have sth. done“讓被做”。過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，與所修飾的賓語(yǔ)之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選A。第27頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)4. （2011山西中考）Drivers sh

14、ouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【解析】選C。allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事”，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允許做某事”。故選C。第28頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)5. （2011重慶中考）We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do whatC. whether to do D. to

15、 do whether【解析】選C?！疤厥庖蓡栐~+ to do”在此作know的賓語(yǔ)，再由it可知，句中已有動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)，故選C。第29頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)6. （2011綿陽(yáng)中考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to taking【解析】選A。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。第30頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)7. （2011江西中考）How kind you are! You always

16、do what you can _ me. A. help B. helpingC. to help D. helps【解析】選C。動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to help作目的狀語(yǔ)。第31頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)8. (2011濟(jì)南中考）The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals. A. to hurt B. to eatC. to help D. to kill【解析】選C。try to do sth. “努力做某事”。句意：這位女士喜歡動(dòng)物，她努力地去幫助這些失去家園的動(dòng)物。故選C。第32頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)9. （2011眉山中考）It

17、s a little cold today. Would you mind _ the window? Of course not. A. not opening B. not to openC. dont open D. no opening【解析】選A。Would you mind doing sth. ? “你介意做某事嗎？”, 其否定形式為Would you mind not doing sth. ? 第33頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)10. （2011昆明中考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article. A. writi

18、ng B. write C. to write D. wrote【解析】選A。 finish doing sth. 完成某事。故選A。第34頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第35頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第36頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第37頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第38頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第39頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第40頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第41頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第42頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第43頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第44頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第45頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第46頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第47頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第48頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第49頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第50頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第51頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第52頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第53頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第54頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第55頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第56頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第57頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第58頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第59頁(yè)/共64

19、頁(yè)第60頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)第61頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)9. （2012安順中考）Mr. Scott made a living by _ (sell) old things. 10. （2011遵義中考）Trust him! He has no difficulty _ (work) out the problem. selling working第62頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)11. （2011濱州中考）David preferred _ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young. 12. （2011蘭州中考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning. 13. （2011梧州中考）Davy enjoys _ (play) tennis and baseball. selling named playing第63頁(yè)/共64頁(yè)