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1、會計學1中考專題復(fù)習中考專題復(fù)習 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞一、定義 不充當句子謂語的動詞叫做非謂語動詞。它們不受主語限制，無時態(tài)與語態(tài)變化，又稱非限定性動詞。二、形式1. 動詞不定式（to do sth. ）2. 動名詞（v. -ing） 現(xiàn)在分詞（v. -ing)3. 分詞 過去分詞（v. -ed或不規(guī)則變化）第1頁/共64頁第2頁/共64頁2不定式的句法作用第3頁/共64頁第4頁/共64頁第5頁/共64頁第6頁/共64頁第7頁/共64頁【溫馨提示】1. help后接不定式時可以省略to；2. 有些動詞后接不定式時通常省略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, le
2、t, make, have（簡記為一感一聽三看三讓）。上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，其后的不定式必須補上“to”。第8頁/共64頁Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim. 湯姆幫他的弟弟學習游泳。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom. We often hear Jack sing English songs. 我們常聽見杰克唱英文歌。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：Jack is often heard to sing English songs. 第9頁/共64頁【牢記】以下詞后跟不定式1. want
3、, would like, get, decide, learn, teach, wish, hope, expect, agree, plan, pretend, enough, dare, refuse, fail, prepare, try, manage, help, offer, beg, afford, promise, be+形容詞后, 疑問詞后, 序數(shù)詞后 ，the+形容詞最高級后2. be supposed do sth，be uesed to do sth, uesd to do sth(過去常常做某事）try ones best to do sth, cant wait
4、to do sth,3.句子：Its ones duty to do sth. It takes sb +錢或時間to do sth.第10頁/共64頁 考點二 動名詞 動名詞由動詞原形-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語等。功能功能例句例句說明說明主語主語Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多對你的健康有害處。吃太多對你的健康有害處。謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)賓語賓語I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜歡打籃球。我非常喜歡打籃球
5、。表示習慣性的動表示習慣性的動作作Stamps are used for sending letters. 郵票是用來寄信的。郵票是用來寄信的。第11頁/共64頁功能功能例句例句說明說明表語表語His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的愛好是集郵。他的愛好是集郵。多數(shù)情況下可轉(zhuǎn)換為多數(shù)情況下可轉(zhuǎn)換為動名詞作主語動名詞作主語定語定語Bill is in the reading room. 比爾在閱覽室里。比爾在閱覽室里。只表明它所修飾的詞只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等的用途、所屬關(guān)系等第12頁/共64頁【牢記】1.其后常接動名詞的動詞及動詞詞組有finish，en
6、joy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(習慣于)，所有介詞等第13頁/共64頁 3當need，require，want作“需要”解時，后加動名詞主動式等于不定式的被動式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗戶需要被清洗。第14頁/共64
7、頁4. 部分動詞既可接動名詞作賓語，又可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別較大。remember doing sth. 記得做過某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘了做過某事forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事第15頁/共64頁need doing sth. 需要做某事（被動含義）need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主動含義）try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try to do sth. 盡力做某事hear/se
8、e sb. doing sth. 聽見/看見某人正在做某事hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事第16頁/共64頁allow doing sth. 允許做某事allow sb to do sth. 允許某人做某事go on to do sth 做完一件事，接著做另一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)不停做某事第17頁/共64頁 考點三 分詞 1. 分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞+-ing”構(gòu)成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。第18頁/共64頁2. 分詞的句法功能功能功能例句例句說明說明定語定語Do you
9、 know the boy playing football? 你認識踢足球的那個男你認識踢足球的那個男孩嗎？孩嗎？Please hand in your written exercise. 請交上你的筆試練習。請交上你的筆試練習。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是所其邏輯主語就是所修飾的詞；過去分修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯詞作定語，其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的賓語是它所修飾的詞詞狀語狀語The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 學生們談笑著走出了教室。學生們談笑著走出了教室。Seen from th
10、e hill, our school looks more beautiful. 從小山上看，從小山上看，我們的學校顯得更美麗了。我們的學校顯得更美麗了。分詞的邏輯主語是分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語句子的主語第19頁/共64頁功能功能例句例句說明說明表語表語The news is exciting. 這個消息這個消息令人興奮。令人興奮。Im interested in the book. 我對這本書感興趣。我對這本書感興趣?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)詞表示某種狀態(tài)補補足足語語Dont keep me waiting for a long
11、 time. 別讓我等很長時間。別讓我等很長時間。I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理發(fā)了。昨天晚上我理發(fā)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞作補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語, 被修飾的賓語或主語被修飾的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即是它的邏輯主語（即主動關(guān)系）；過去分主動關(guān)系）；過去分詞作補足語，被修飾詞作補足語，被修飾的賓語或主語是它的的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動關(guān)邏輯賓語（即被動關(guān)系系)第20頁/共64頁第21頁/共64頁第22頁/共64頁第23頁/共64頁第24頁/共64頁一. 單項選擇1. (2012安順中考)Do you know whether the man _ by
12、the door is Mr. Smith? Sure. Weve known each other for a long time. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands【解析】選B。standing by the door是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語表示動作正在進行，與被修飾的man之間存在主動關(guān)系。故選B。第25頁/共64頁2. （2012隨州中考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playingC. for us playing D. of us to
13、play【解析】選A。Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意為“做某事對某人”，其中it為形式主語，動詞不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主語，故選A。第26頁/共64頁3. (2012自貢中考)When are you going to have your hair _? This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting【解析】選A。have sth. done“讓被做”。過去分詞作賓語補足語，與所修飾的賓語之間存在被動關(guān)系。故選A。第27頁/共64頁4. （2011山西中考）Drivers sh
14、ouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【解析】選C。allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事”，其被動語態(tài)為sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允許做某事”。故選C。第28頁/共64頁5. （2011重慶中考）We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do whatC. whether to do D. to
15、 do whether【解析】選C。“特殊疑問詞+ to do”在此作know的賓語，再由it可知，句中已有動詞do的賓語，故選C。第29頁/共64頁6. （2011綿陽中考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to taking【解析】選A。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事。第30頁/共64頁7. （2011江西中考）How kind you are! You always
16、do what you can _ me. A. help B. helpingC. to help D. helps【解析】選C。動詞不定式短語to help作目的狀語。第31頁/共64頁8. (2011濟南中考）The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals. A. to hurt B. to eatC. to help D. to kill【解析】選C。try to do sth. “努力做某事”。句意：這位女士喜歡動物，她努力地去幫助這些失去家園的動物。故選C。第32頁/共64頁9. （2011眉山中考）It
17、s a little cold today. Would you mind _ the window? Of course not. A. not opening B. not to openC. dont open D. no opening【解析】選A。Would you mind doing sth. ? “你介意做某事嗎？”, 其否定形式為Would you mind not doing sth. ? 第33頁/共64頁10. （2011昆明中考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article. A. writi
18、ng B. write C. to write D. wrote【解析】選A。 finish doing sth. 完成某事。故選A。第34頁/共64頁第35頁/共64頁第36頁/共64頁第37頁/共64頁第38頁/共64頁第39頁/共64頁第40頁/共64頁第41頁/共64頁第42頁/共64頁第43頁/共64頁第44頁/共64頁第45頁/共64頁第46頁/共64頁第47頁/共64頁第48頁/共64頁第49頁/共64頁第50頁/共64頁第51頁/共64頁第52頁/共64頁第53頁/共64頁第54頁/共64頁第55頁/共64頁第56頁/共64頁第57頁/共64頁第58頁/共64頁第59頁/共64
19、頁第60頁/共64頁第61頁/共64頁9. （2012安順中考）Mr. Scott made a living by _ (sell) old things. 10. （2011遵義中考）Trust him! He has no difficulty _ (work) out the problem. selling working第62頁/共64頁11. （2011濱州中考）David preferred _ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young. 12. （2011蘭州中考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning. 13. （2011梧州中考）Davy enjoys _ (play) tennis and baseball. selling named playing第63頁/共64頁
中考專題復(fù)習 非謂語動詞
