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1、2022年高中英語 Module3 THe Violence 第4課時學案 外研版必修3
學習目標：
1. 了解過去完成時的被動形式
2. 了解間接引語的表達
3. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則
學習重點：了解過去完成時的被動形式
學習難點：利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則
課前預習
使用說明與學法指導：
1. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則
2. 15分鐘之內完成
預習自測：
觀察下列從Reading and Vocabulary中選取的句子，體會過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
①By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed a
2、nd 2,700 had been injured.
②Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas!
[自我總結]
過去完成時的被動語態(tài)由“ ”構成，表示某被動動作在過去某時或某動作 已發(fā)生。
我的疑問：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3、___________________
課內探究
質疑探究：
過去完成時的被動語態(tài)
一、構成
had＋ been＋過去分詞
二、用法
1．表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成了的被動動作。該動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”；這一過去時間可用by，at，before等構成的短語或when，after，until等引導的從句或通過上下文來表示。
The project had been pleted by the end of xx.這項工程已于xx年底竣工。
The classroom had been cleaned before we came.
我們來之前，教室已被打掃
4、干凈。
2．表示從過去某一時間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時間的被動動作，該動作可能還要延續(xù)下去；常和for或since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。
The sale had been advertised for several weeks.
這場拍賣會已經做了好幾個星期的廣告。
Much work had been done since she arrived here.
自她抵達這里后做了許多工作。
3．用在含有被動形式的間接引語或賓語從句中，常放在像said，told, thought，wondered等過去時動詞的后面，表示在這些動作之前已經發(fā)生的動作。
My clas
5、smate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同學告訴我他已經受到了老師的懲罰。
We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.我們都以為他在飛機失事中喪生了。
直接引語和間接引語
直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己的話轉述別人的話叫做間接引語。直接引語如改為間接引語，必須在語序、人稱、時態(tài)和狀語方面做相應變化。
一、句型變化
1．陳述句
直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that引導(that在口語中常省略)。
“I will neve
6、r forget this interesting lesson，”said Paul.“我永遠不會忘記這有趣的一課，”保羅說。
→Paul said that he would never forget that interesting lesson.保羅說他永遠不會忘記那有趣的一課。
2.疑問句
直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序(主語在謂語前面)，句末用句號，主語的人稱、時態(tài)和狀語也要作相應的變化。
(1)一般疑問句：直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要用連詞whether或if引導。主句中的謂語動詞是said時，要改為asked
7、。沒有間接賓語的，可以加一個間接賓語(me，him或us等)。
He said，“Can you speak French？”
→He asked me if/whether I could speak French.
He said，“Did you see me last night？”
→He asked (me) whether/if I had seen him the night before.
(2)特殊疑問句：直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍用原來的疑問詞引導。
“Where do you usually have lunch？” he asked
8、me.
→He asked me where I usually had lunch.
3.祈使句
轉述祈使句，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并根據句子意思在不定式的前面加上tell，ask，order等動詞，其句型是：tell/ask/order sb.to do sth.，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。
“Make sure the door is shut，” she said to her little son. “一定要關上門，”她對她的小兒子說。
→She told her little son to make sure t
9、he door was shut.她對她的小兒子說一定要關上門。
“Don't smoke in the room，”he said to me.“不要在房間里吸煙?！彼麑ξ艺f。
→He told me not to smoke in the room. 他對我說不要在房間里吸煙。
二、時態(tài)變化
將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，動詞的時態(tài)要做相應的變化：
一般現在時→一般過去時
現在進行時→過去進行時
一般過去時→過去完成時
過去進行時→過去進行時
一般將來時→過去將來時
現在完成時→過去完成時
過去完成時→過去完成時
10、
三、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語也要做相應的變化
直接引語
間接引語
this(這)
that(那)
these(這些)
those(那些)
now(現在)
then(那時)
today(今天)
that day(那天)
yesterday(昨天)
the day before(前一天)
last year(去年)
the year before(前一年)
ago(……以前)
before(……以前)
tomorrow(明天)
the next day(第二天)
next month(下個月)
the next month(第二個月)
here(這
11、兒)
there(那兒)
e(來)
go(去)
bring(帶來)
take(拿去)
She said to me, “I e here five years ago.”
她對我說，“我五年前住在這兒?！?
→ She told me she came there five years before.
她告訴我說她五年前住在那兒。
He said to me，“I will see her next week.”
他對我說，“我下星期去看她?！?
→He told me he would see her the next week.
他告訴我說他下星期去看她。
【提示】
12、
(1)人稱變化
一隨主、二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。
＝“I'll let you know as soon as I get the tickets.”he told me.
→He told me he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets.
“What are your parents and where do they live？”the policeman asked me.
→The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived.
(2
13、)時態(tài)不變的特殊情況如下：
①直接引語是客觀真理、諺語或名人名言時。
He said，“The earth goes around the sun.”
→ He said that the earth goes around the sun.
He said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
→He said where there is a will，there is a way.
②當直接引語中有具體的過去時間作狀語時，間接引語仍然用一般過去時。
Mr. Wang said，“I was born in China in Sept
14、ember,1972.”
→ Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.
③當直接引語是過去完成時態(tài)時。
She said，“They had left when I arrived here.”
→She said they had left when she arrived there.
④當直接引語表示客觀的時刻表時。
He said，“The plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.”
→He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.
當堂檢測：
15、
用括號內所給動詞的正確形式填空
1．The classroom (clean) before the teacher came.
2．My brother always asked me (tell) stories.
3．They asked me if I (know) such rules before.
4．Miss Smith told us that she (e) back the next day.
5．Great changes (take) place in my home
16、town since 1980.
6．I remembered that the book (leave) in the classroom.
7．My teacher told me that the earth ( be) round.
8．He asked me if the work (finish)．
9．He asked me if I (be) interested in English.
10．The teacher told the students (stop) talking.
課
17、后反思：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
課后訓練
單項填空
1．At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement .
A．has been reached B．had been reached C．has reached D．had reached
18、
2．The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the child whose parents in an accident.
A．had been killed B．are killed C．had killed D．killed
3．No one can be sure in a million years.
A．what man will look like B．what will man look like
C．man will look like what D．what look wi
19、ll man like
4． By the end of last year，another new gymnasium in Beijing.
A．would be pleted B．was being pleted
C．has been pleted D．had been pleted
5． When I got there，I that he to Shanghai.
A．told；had gone B．was told；had gone
C．was heard；went D．told；had been
6．I
20、couldn't understand with me.
A．the matter was what B．what the matter was
C．what was the matter D．that was the matter
7．The teacher told us that American schools in September.
A．begin B．begun C．have begun D．had begun
8．I felt very happy because it was the third time I
21、 as a writer by the newspaper.
A．was awarded B．had been awarded C．awarded D．would be awarded
9．The reporter said that the UFO from east to west when he saw it.
A．was traveling B．traveled C．had been traveling D．was to travel
10．I asked my lawyer say in court.
A．what I should B．what should I C．how I should D．how should I
2022年高中英語 Module3 THe Violence 第4課時學案 外研版必修3
