【】2021中考英語(yǔ) 基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法五 介詞

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1、 （五）介詞 01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化 介詞是各省市歷年中考試題中的必考內(nèi)容之一。從命題內(nèi)容來(lái)看，表示時(shí)間的介詞、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞及介詞的固定用法，尤其是時(shí)間介詞at, on, in用法的區(qū)別，between和among用法的區(qū)別，某些介詞的特殊用法等是今后的考查熱點(diǎn)。從命題形式來(lái)看，以單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空為主，分值一般在1～3分之間。預(yù)計(jì)2015年中考對(duì)介詞的考查極有可能是時(shí)間介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)。 02 定義 概念清晰化 介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一，它是一種虛詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，必須和名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的詞語(yǔ)連用構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，用

2、來(lái)表明與它連用的詞和句子中某個(gè)詞或某些詞之間的關(guān)系。 介詞分為簡(jiǎn)單介詞和短語(yǔ)介詞兩種。簡(jiǎn)單介詞即單個(gè)介詞，如in, under, on, for, after等；短語(yǔ)介詞指多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如in front of, instead of, far from等。 介詞短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)介詞不同。介詞短語(yǔ)指由“介詞+名詞/代詞等”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，如at school, by bus, on Sunday等，在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。 有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞(作連詞時(shí)，其后接句子)，如after, before等；而有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副詞，如above,

3、below等。 03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 ?常用介詞分類 分類圖解 分類 例詞 表示 時(shí)間 in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from…to, behind, by, before, past 表示 方位 in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, next to, among, round 表示往返的方向 to, t

4、owards, round, around, through, across, from…to, into, out of, off, along 其他 by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but, as, without 特例清單 1.in通常用在世紀(jì)、年份、季節(jié)、月份、上午、下午、晚上等詞前，但后面接時(shí)間段，意為“在……之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；而after意為“在……之后”，要用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： We are going to Beijing in two weeks.兩周后我們將要去北京。 He

5、went to America in 2003,after one year, he came back.他在2003年去了美國(guó)，一年后，他就回來(lái)了。 2.for和since在表示時(shí)間時(shí)，一般用于完成時(shí)，for與時(shí)間段連用，since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。如： We haven’t seen each other for years.我們已經(jīng)有好多年沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面了。 His father has taught in this school since 1985.他的父親自從1985年起就在這所學(xué)校教書。 3.表示位置時(shí)，in表示某一小地點(diǎn)在另一大地點(diǎn)之內(nèi)；on表示兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)相互接壤；to則表示兩個(gè)地

6、點(diǎn)互不接壤，并有一定的距離。如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China.臺(tái)灣位于中國(guó)的東南部。 Shandong is on the north of Henan.山東位于河南的北部。 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中國(guó)東部。 4.between表示“在兩者之間”，而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但當(dāng)between用于三者或三者以上時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“兩兩之間”，側(cè)重指人或物各自獨(dú)立；而among強(qiáng)調(diào)彼此不分離。如： We have too many desks in our class. There is

7、hardly any room to move between them.我們教室里有太多的課桌，桌與桌之間幾乎沒(méi)有可以走動(dòng)的空間了。 This village is among the hills.這個(gè)村子被群山環(huán)繞。 5.表示方位時(shí)，on表示一個(gè)物體的位置在另一個(gè)物體之上，兩者的表面相接觸；above表示一個(gè)物體比另一個(gè)物體所處的位置高，通常兩個(gè)物體表面不接觸；over表示“在……的正上方”，強(qiáng)調(diào)在垂直的上方。如： There is a map on the wall.墻上有一張地圖。 The lights are above our heads.燈在我們頭頂上。 Some bi

8、rds are flying over the sea.有一些鳥在海上飛。 6.with, in, by 三者都可以譯為“用”，但用法不同：with表示用某種工具，所用的東西都是具體的物品；in表示用某種材料、語(yǔ)言、聲調(diào)等；by表示用某種方法或手段，多指使用某種交通工具。試比較： Please write with a pen.請(qǐng)用鋼筆書寫。 She wrote a letter in a black ink.她用黑色的墨水筆寫了一封信。 Can you say it in Japanese? 你能用日語(yǔ)說(shuō)嗎？ I go to school by bike.我騎自行車去上學(xué)。 7

9、.besides和except都可譯為“除……之外”，但含義不同：besides表示“除……以外，還有”，指在整體中加入一部分，含義是肯定的；except表示“從整體中除去一部分”，含義是否定的。如： We all went besides him.除他之外，我們大家也都去了。(他去了) We all went except him.除他之外，我們都去了。(他沒(méi)有去) 8.instead of意為“代替”，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞；而instead是副詞，意為“代替，頂替”，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，后面不能接任何成分。如： He will go instead of me.他將代替我去。 S

10、he went to school instead of staying at home.她沒(méi)有待在家里而是上學(xué)去了。 Give me this instead.換這個(gè)給我吧。 9.across和through均可譯為“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同：across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的；而through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行的。如： The dog ran across the grass.這條狗跑過(guò)草地。 They walked through the forest.他們步行穿過(guò)森林。 10.在this，that，these, nex

11、t, last等組成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞。如: We are in Grade Two this year.今年我們上二年級(jí)。 Tom’s trouble is very common to boys these days.湯姆的問(wèn)題這些天在男孩們中間很常見(jiàn)。 When did you go to bed last night?你昨晚幾點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué)的？ The next day she got up early and went to school without breakfast.第二天她起得很早，并且沒(méi)吃早飯就去了學(xué)校。 11.當(dāng)yesterday, tomorrow用作副詞或構(gòu)

12、成短語(yǔ)時(shí)前面不用介詞。如: Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning?你明早八點(diǎn)能在這里嗎？ Were you at home yesterday evening？你昨晚在家嗎？ 【題組訓(xùn)練】 時(shí)間介詞 ( )1.(2014·北京)I sometimes help my mom with her housework _____ Saturdays. A.at B.in C.on D.to ( )2.(2014·宿遷)The 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games will

13、 be held_______ August in Nanjing. A.in B.on C.by D.at ( )3.(2014·來(lái)賓)—When is Jay’s concert? —It’s ______three o’clock______ the afternoon. A.at;in B.at;on C.in;in D.on;in ( )4.(2014·南充)—When were you born? —I was born______ a cold winter morning

14、in 1994. A.in B.at C.on D.of ( )5.(2014·長(zhǎng)沙)Mothers’ Day is_______ the second Sunday in May in the United States. A.on B.in C.at 方位介詞 ( )6.(2014·重慶)Mr. Green’s office is _______ the 26th floor. You can take the lift there. A.at B.in C.on D

15、.for ( )7.(2014·煙臺(tái))—Would you please tell me the way to the Pacific Hotel? —Go _______ the post office，and you’ll find it on the left. A.pass B.past C.to pass D.passed ( )8.(2014·益陽(yáng))Uncle Tom lives ______ a farm _____ the country. A.in;at B.near;on C.on;in ( )9.

16、(2014·天津)Cambridge is a small city______ the east of England. A.between B.with C.in D.under ( )10.(2014·東營(yíng))On May 10th，a horse was found running happily_____ the busy street in Beijing. A.at B.of C.in D.from 表示往返的介詞 ( )11.(2014·河南)A conversation ____ a wise person

17、is worth ten years’ study of books. A.for B.like C.with D.to ( )12.(2014·銅仁)—How can we protect ourselves _____ the earthquake? —We should stay calm first. A.with B.about C.for D.from ( )13.(2014·蘇州)The castle stands in a quiet place _____ the main road at the far end of

18、the river. A.to B.for C.off D.out ( )14.(2014·連云港)—A person’s life is like a road ____ lots of difficulties. —Yes，so we need positive energy. A.by B.with C.along D.during ( )15.(2014·無(wú)錫)I hope the train will arrive on time，but it’s _____ my control. A.within

19、 B.without C.under D.beyond 其他介詞 ( )16.(2014·杭州)They usually go shopping ____ their lunch break. A.against B.among C.between D.during ( )17.(2014·濰坊)—What can I do for you? —I hope I have a nice house ______ a big garden. A.of B.with C.form D.about ( )18.(

20、2014·鹽城)Many cities in China，_____ Beijing，have been deeply affected by dirty air. A.including B.behind C.without D.beyond ( )19.(2014·萊蕪)We can save money ______ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside. A.by B.to C.for D.with ( )20.(2014·綿陽(yáng))—How long have y

21、ou stayed in this hotel? —Not long，just________ this Monday. A.from B.since C.for D.on ?常用介詞短語(yǔ)歸納 分類圖解 分類 例子 介詞 + 名詞 at home在家里；at school在學(xué)校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time 同時(shí)；at times有時(shí)；at breakfast 早餐時(shí)；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a

22、while 過(guò)了一會(huì) by bus 乘公共汽車;by the way 順便說(shuō)；by the time 到……時(shí)候；by turns 輪流；by mistake錯(cuò)誤地；by the door在門口 in hospital住院；in the hospital 在醫(yī)院；in the end 最后；in order 整整齊齊；in order to 以便；in no time 很快就……；in the daytime在白天；in turn 輪流；in time 及時(shí);in front 在前方；in English 用英語(yǔ)；in the future將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)刻；in future(整個(gè))將來(lái)；i

23、n fact 事實(shí)上 on the way 在路上;on Sunday 在星期天 ；on show 展出；on display 陳列；on fire 著火；on duty 值日；on the other hand 另一方面；on foot 步行；on business 出差；on board 在船(飛機(jī))上；on holiday 在休假；on the telephone 在接(打)電話；on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)；on the left/right 在左邊/右邊；on sale 在出售；on watch 值班；on the earth 在地球上 with pleasure 很樂(lè)意；wi

24、th one’s help 在某人的幫助下 be + 形容詞 + 介詞 be amazed at對(duì)……感到驚訝；be angry with生(某人的)氣；be afraid of害怕；be busy with 忙于做……；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be full of 充滿 be excited about對(duì)……感到興奮；be kind to 對(duì)……和善；be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣 be famous for 因……而著名；be late for遲到；be popular with 受……歡迎 be pleased with 對(duì)……感

25、到滿意；be proud of 對(duì)……感到驕傲；be ready for為……準(zhǔn)備好 be satisfied with對(duì)……滿意；be worried about 為……擔(dān)心 動(dòng)詞 + 介詞 agree with 同意； ask for 請(qǐng)求；begin with 以……開(kāi)始；come from 出生，來(lái)自；call at探訪 die of 死于；get on/off 上車/下車； fill…with 用……裝；fall off從……落下 hear from 收到(某人)的信；hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)；look at 看；go to bed 去睡覺(jué)；

26、 go to school 去上學(xué)； look for 尋找；look after 照顧 listen to 聽(tīng)……講話；pay for 付錢；point to 指向；point at 指著；send for派人去叫；run across 碰到； talk about 談?wù)?；think about 考慮;wait for 等候；write to 寫信給……；worry about 擔(dān)心 laugh at 嘲笑；fall behind 落在……后面;knock at 敲 介詞 + 名詞 + 介詞 at the foot of在……腳下；on the top of在……頂

27、端；in the middle of 在……中間；in the front of 在……前面；in the east of在……東部 by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of 到……為止 at the age of在……歲時(shí)；at the head of 在……前頭 特例清單 1.in front of和in the front of只差一個(gè)定冠詞the，但用法不同：前者意為“在……的前面”，前后所指的內(nèi)容不存在包含關(guān)系；而后者意為“在……的前面”，前后所指的內(nèi)容存在包含關(guān)系

28、。如： Li Lei sits in front of me,but Wang Fang sits behind me. 李雷坐在我前面，而王芳坐在我的后面。 The desk is in the front of the classroom.書桌在教室的前面。 2.in the tree和on the tree都可以譯為“在樹上”，但用法不同：前者in the tree一般指本身不是樹上的事物，而后者on the tree一般指樹上本身長(zhǎng)的東西。如： I can see some birds in the tree.我能看到樹上有一些小鳥。 There are some pear

29、s on the tree.樹上結(jié)了一些梨。 3.in the wall表示嵌在墻里，而on the wall表示在墻的表面。如： There is a hole in the wall.墻上有個(gè)洞。 There is a map on the wall.墻上有一幅地圖。 4.“在太陽(yáng)下”用in the sun，“在某人的幫助下”用with one’s help或with the help of sb.如： Don’t read in the sun.別在太陽(yáng)下看書。 With the teacher’s help，I got some progress.在老師的幫助下，我取得了一

30、些進(jìn)步。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )21.(2014·徐州)Healthy eating _____ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit. A.less than B.instead of C.such as D.together with ( )22.(2014·山西)—The ship sinking of Korea teaches us to care for ourselves and the people around us. —So it is. _____life is th

31、e most important to everyone. A.For example B.At last C.After all ( )23.(2014·鄂州)—Everyone must ____ the security check(安檢)before getting on the plane at the airport. —Yes. It’s necessary to ensure the passengers’ safety. A.get through B.get across C.go through D.go

32、 across ( )24.(2014·遂寧)_____free education，more and more poor children can go back to school in the mountain. A.Without B.Thanks to C.Instead of ( )25.(2014·金華)—Daniel is a boy of few words. —But______ ，he is warmhearted. A.in a hurry B.in fact C.in the end

33、D.above all 04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化 ( )1.How does your father go to work, ____foot or ____ car? A.on;with B.with;on C.by;on D.on;by ( )2.—Why are you standing there, Maggie? —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _______ me. A.behind B.

34、in front of C.beside D.next to ( )3.—Is the tie made ______ silk? —Yes. It’s made _____ Italy. A.from;in B.of;in C.from;of D.of;from ( )4.Taiwan is a beautiful island and it’s ____ the east of Fujian Province. A.in B.on C.to D.at ( )5.Mr Smith lives ____

35、that building. His flat is ____ the fifth floor. A.in;on B.of;to C.at;in D.to;at ( )6.—What time shall we meet ____ Sunday? —Let’s meet ____ 10:00 o’clock. A.in;at B.in;on C.on;in D.on;at ( )7.—All the clerks went home ____ Mr Wang.Why? —Because he had to fin

36、ish his work. A.except B.besides C.without D .beside ( )8.The sunshine goes _____ the window and makes the room bright and warm. A.across B.through C.over D.in ( )9.My son is ____ a nice new coat. I paid ten pounds _____it. A.in;by B.in;for C.on;by D.on;for (

37、 )10.—We’ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet? —Let’s make it _____ half past eight _____ the morning of June 23. A.at;in B./;on C./;in D.about;by ( )11.Let’s go ____ the road. The shop is ____ the other side. A.across;on B.cross;on C.through;in D.between;on ( )1

38、2.He has got a chair to sit____ ,but nobody to talk___ . A.on;to B./;with C .on;/ D./;to ( )13.If you get on well ____ your classmates, you’ll enjoy your school life more. A.to B.at C.with D.in ( )14.If you were a little more careful,you could find the key ____ the door

39、 ____ the corner of the room. A.of;of B.to;in C.at;in D.to;of ( )15.The food _____ my country is quite different ____ that here. A.in;like B.to;from C.from;to D.in;from ( )16.___ the age of 13,Fu Mingxia was very famous in China _____ the youngest Olympic champion. A.At;

40、for B.At;as C.On;for D.In;as ( )17.They haven’t finished their work.Maybe they have some trouble ______ it. A.on B.at C.in D.with ( )18. ______ the help of his teacher, he became good at English. A.Under B.On C.For D.With ( )19.It’s very nice ____ you to give

41、me the chance. A.of B.for C.to D.at ( )20.The plane will take off ____ an hour. I must go to the airport right now. A.in B.for C.on D.at ( )21.—When will the doctor arrive? —_____ two hours. A.For B.At C.After D.In ( )22.She had to sell the house even though it

42、 was ____ her own wishes. A.above B.on C.against D.for ( )23.The little elephant is afraid to go alone.He always walks ______ his mother. A.below B.besides C.beside D.under ( )24.____ the help of Tom, I made great progress in physics. A.Under B.On C.With D.By ( )25.—What did you get ____ your mother ____ Mother’s Day? —A beautiful card and a scarf. A.for;in B.for;on C.to;for D.to;at 5 參考答案： (五)介詞 題組訓(xùn)練 1—5CAACA6—10CBCCC11—15CDCBD 16—20DBAAB21—25DCCBB 整合集訓(xùn) 1—5DBBCA6—10DABBB11—15AACBD 16—20BDDAA21—25DCCCB