初升高英語銜接班八講座資料及練習(xí).doc

《初升高英語銜接班八講座資料及練習(xí).doc》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《初升高英語銜接班八講座資料及練習(xí).doc（67頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第一講一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：初升高英語銜接班第1講二. 重、難點(diǎn)：（一）認(rèn)識(shí)初、高中英語的區(qū)別 即將開始的高中學(xué)習(xí)生活，特別是英語的學(xué)習(xí)是與初中階段有著很大不同的：1. 課本編排上的區(qū)別：初中的每一個(gè)單元是分為4課的，每篇中有的是對(duì)話，有的是閱讀文，也配有一些練習(xí)，而高中的每個(gè)單元并不分課，而是基本上按版塊劃分，大體為“Warming up”（熱身），即是針對(duì)本單元的話題提出的一些問題，以練習(xí)口語的形式做引子，便于進(jìn)入本單元的主題，然后為“l(fā)istening”（聽力）和“speaking”（說），這兩部分都是旨在進(jìn)一步提高我們的聽、說能力，難度較初中有較大的提高，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們做好準(zhǔn)備。下個(gè)部分就是“Re

2、ading”了，高中的閱讀文分為閱讀前和閱讀后的討論、思考問題并加入了有關(guān)的語言知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)，可以說在內(nèi)容上是極大地豐富了。除此之外還會(huì)有稍短的閱讀，寫作等方面的練習(xí)，即“Integrating skills”（綜合訓(xùn)練）當(dāng)然書后的workbook也與初中不同，內(nèi)容更為豐富，練習(xí)也更多。2. 在詞匯上的區(qū)別：我們初中的教材已是新版本了，每個(gè)單元的單詞可能大家覺得已經(jīng)不少了，但高中教材中的詞匯更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，這也是新編教材的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，加入了許多當(dāng)前常用的，新出現(xiàn)的流行的詞匯，也是與我們學(xué)的新編初中課本相承接的，所以，為了能盡快適應(yīng)高中詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，我們應(yīng)該及早著手把初中階段的詞匯

3、再熟悉一遍。 另外，對(duì)于高中英語詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，大家還要知道其要求是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于初中的，在學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)，我們既要了解它在文中的意思，還要掌握它在練習(xí)中，考試中可能出現(xiàn)的所有意思，用法及搭配等。3. 在所學(xué)語法上的區(qū)別：在初中階段我們把基礎(chǔ)的語法內(nèi)容已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過了，而在高中我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是更深更高層次的語法。如定語從句，非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣等等，其中的部分內(nèi)容我們并不陌生，但是初中我們所接觸的還只是皮毛，高中階段的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)比之前的所學(xué)內(nèi)容復(fù)雜得多，所以我們要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞彌補(bǔ)好，在后面的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們也會(huì)一起與大家重溫這些知識(shí)并將之與高中內(nèi)容做一對(duì)比，為大家步入高中學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。4

4、. 在課堂要求上的區(qū)別：大部分的初中對(duì)學(xué)生的要求還是比較嚴(yán)格的，而這種嚴(yán)格與小學(xué)又是不同的，所以有一部分自覺性差的學(xué)生就被分化出來，在稍微寬松的環(huán)境中，對(duì)自己要求降低導(dǎo)致了滑坡的出現(xiàn)，而升入高中后又會(huì)有新的變化，對(duì)于自律要求就更加明顯了。如果你是按照老師要求做的學(xué)生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，適當(dāng)增加課外閱讀及一些課外習(xí)題是有必要的；如果你是不太自覺的學(xué)生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交給老師的作業(yè)，那些如讀、背等要求也要認(rèn)真完成才能使自己的高中英語學(xué)習(xí)逐步走上軌道。不管你屬于哪一種，都要持之以恒，千萬不可因?yàn)槿魏卧蚨潘蓪?duì)自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一

5、定成績(jī)，也沒有理由沾沾自喜。5. 在考試評(píng)估制度上的區(qū)別：這一區(qū)別可能是影響最大的一點(diǎn)，我們?cè)S多同學(xué)初中英語一直較差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中這種不正常的考試制度，很多人認(rèn)為英語不用下功夫?qū)W，反正最后背背答案就可過關(guān)，這樣成績(jī)不錯(cuò)，學(xué)得也很輕松。一旦抱有這種想法，初中這個(gè)重要的打基礎(chǔ)的階段就被荒廢過去了，這對(duì)我們升入高中后的英語學(xué)習(xí)是極為不利的，這就好比是建造沒有基礎(chǔ)的空中樓閣，肯定會(huì)感到很難，很吃力。進(jìn)入高中之后我們的考試是沒有范圍的，不能靠背答案過關(guān)，而且所學(xué)所考的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該都是向高考看齊的，難度肯定不小，但同學(xué)們也不要害怕，只要認(rèn)真努力，堅(jiān)持不懈，做好充分迎接失敗的心理準(zhǔn)備，然后在每次經(jīng)

6、歷中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地彌補(bǔ)自己的不足，肯定會(huì)取得很好的成績(jī)。（二）基礎(chǔ)語法再回顧句子結(jié)構(gòu) 英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)組成是與漢語有著很大區(qū)別的，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，很多同學(xué)受母語的影響太大，在英文寫作時(shí)完全按照漢語的順序?qū)⒂⑽倪M(jìn)行堆砌，這是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)于英文句子的構(gòu)成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟練，沒有形成英語語言習(xí)慣。規(guī)范的英文是由“主語+謂語+其他”。這種基本形式構(gòu)成的，這種只有一套主、謂的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句，它有5種基本形式，即主+謂（vi.）；主+系+表；主+謂（vt.）+賓；主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)；主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語。由此可見，要想用英文正確表述一個(gè)意思，寫成一句話，必須要有的就是主語和可以充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞，而

7、且當(dāng)這個(gè)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不可加賓語，當(dāng)它是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)要求和該詞的用法在其后加上賓語或賓語及賓補(bǔ)或加上雙賓語。當(dāng)然在這5種形式中系表結(jié)構(gòu)也是很常用，很重要的一種，而且系表動(dòng)詞常容易和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相混，從而導(dǎo)致了一些病句的出現(xiàn)。綜上所述，我們要想較好地掌握英文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須弄清以下幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1. 可以充當(dāng)謂語的幾種形式：既然謂語部分是構(gòu)成句子的必要成份，那么掌握好它就起到了舉足輕重的作用，謂語部分可由以下幾種構(gòu)成方式：（1）不及物動(dòng)詞可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語。如：They arrived yesterday .（2）及物動(dòng)詞要加上賓語之后才可構(gòu)成完整的結(jié)構(gòu)，另外，如果不及物動(dòng)詞后加上了一定的介

8、詞，那么介詞后也要有賓語才能完整。如：They reached Tianjin yesterday .They arrived in Tianjin yesterday .他們昨天到達(dá)了天津。（3）系表結(jié)構(gòu)可以構(gòu)成謂語。如：She is a student . 她是個(gè)學(xué)生。He felt very happy . 他感到很高興。（4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要加上動(dòng)詞原形后才可構(gòu)成完整的謂語部分。如：We should protect our environment . 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。那么，動(dòng)詞的哪些形式可構(gòu)成謂語呢？ 行為動(dòng)詞的原形：do 行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：does 行為動(dòng)詞的過去式：did be

9、+行為動(dòng)詞-ing形式：be doing be+行為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：be done will+行為動(dòng)詞原詞：will do have / has / had+行為動(dòng)詞過去分詞：have / has / had done 系表動(dòng)詞+表語2. 系表動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：系表動(dòng)詞是表示狀態(tài)變化等的動(dòng)詞，它包括be動(dòng)詞及一些可充當(dāng)系表動(dòng)詞的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其中后者在充當(dāng)系表動(dòng)詞時(shí)含義與充分行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)是不同的。系表動(dòng)詞后面接的是表語，而可以充當(dāng)表語的是一些可以表示狀態(tài)、特征、特性等內(nèi)容的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)，如形容詞、名詞、介詞短語一些副詞、從句等等。這里我們尤其要注意的就是可充當(dāng)表語的一些副詞指的是可以表征狀態(tài)特點(diǎn)的副

10、詞，如：Class is over . 中的over表示的就是“結(jié)束了，完了”的這種狀態(tài)。而很多副詞并沒有這種功能，自然也就不可以充當(dāng)表語，如happy和happily，前者為形容詞可表示主語的狀態(tài)，而后者是形容以何方式做的某事，是在修飾動(dòng)作，而非表示狀態(tài)，因而，前者可作表語，后者則不可充當(dāng)表語。行為動(dòng)詞則是指描述具體或抽象行為、動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，它可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩種，如果想修飾這樣的動(dòng)詞，則需要像happily這樣的副詞或是有相似的功能的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)。如：She went home happily . 她高興地回家了。He did it with great difficulty . 我費(fèi)

11、了很大勁才完成了這件事。3. 要掌握準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)、用法及搭配：在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，尤其是重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，我們一定要知道它是哪種動(dòng)詞，及物？不及物？可否充當(dāng)系表動(dòng)詞？有的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)較多，可能同時(shí)具有多種性質(zhì)，這就需要我們注意它在何時(shí)可充當(dāng)哪種動(dòng)詞。另外，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的用法我們也要掌握，如每個(gè)動(dòng)詞后可帶或常帶什么結(jié)構(gòu)，它有哪些習(xí)慣搭配，可構(gòu)成什么詞組等。 4. 在寫簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)的方法： 我們要注意簡(jiǎn)單句的順序一般應(yīng)為主、謂、賓，而一些狀語如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)方式等等狀語則要放到主要結(jié)構(gòu)后面出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或語言的表達(dá)需要，狀語的位置會(huì)有所變化，但我們?cè)趯懢渥訒r(shí)一定要把握好以上原則，而不能按照漢語去逐個(gè)翻譯。如“我們騎車

12、去上學(xué)。”這個(gè)句子如果按照漢語習(xí)慣很可能會(huì)寫成：We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能還會(huì)寫出類似這樣的句子：We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等錯(cuò)誤的句子。但如果我們按照英文習(xí)慣來寫就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)以上錯(cuò)誤了，主語We+謂語go to school+狀語by bike也就是We go to school by bike .【模擬試題】詞語辨析（一）1. Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ? Yes , it really beautif

13、ul . A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time . A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes 3. Oh , you painted the walls yourself ? Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didnt much . A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay 4. Soon Wu Dong up with L

14、i Lei , then they were neck and neck . A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought 5. They will Guangzhou tonight . A. arrive B. get C. reach D. go6. Do you still have a headache , Billy ? No , its . Im all right now , mum . A. dropped B. run C. left D. gone 7. It will about half an hour to get to the

15、park by bus . A. spend B. cost C. want D. take 8. I didnt quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again ? A. catch , speak B. hear , talk C. follow , explain D. listen , say 9. will you finish your homework ? In half an hour . A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. What time10. They w

16、atched the game , and then they were invited to it . A. join B. join in C. take part D. attend11. Its going to rain . Wed better our things , so that they will not get wet . A. put up B. put down C. put away D. put in 12. Where can we get a football ? Lets .A. lend Jim one B. lend one to JimC. borro

17、w one from JimD. borrow one of Jim 13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher . A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real 14. Its that some foreign students will come to our school next week . A. sure B. right C. real D. true 15. We made several different plans for out holid

18、ay , but we went to Huangshan . A. at the end B. in the end C. by the end D. to the end 16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination . A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasant 17. He had a strange way of making his class and interesting . A. live B. lively C. li

19、ving D. alive 18. When is he going to leave ? next week . A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. Some times 19. What words can you talk about the picture ? A. used to B. use to C. look for D. look up 20. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it

20、 down 21. Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008 ? I dont think so . Now the young the old can speak some English . A. either , or B. not only , but also C. neither , nor D. both , or22. Look ! The bus is coming . But there are too many people . We cant it . A. get off B.

21、 get down C. get on D. get up 23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her . A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out 24. Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please ? , please .A. Call on B. Go on C. Hold on D. Carry on 詞語辨析（二）1. Dont

22、the road when the light is red . A. across B. cross C. pass D. past 2. Im thirsty . Please me something to drink . A. take B. bring C. carry D. show 3. If you to learn a foreign language well , you must practise it every day . A. like B. love C. want D. think 4. This digital camera is so expensive t

23、hat I cant it . A. carry B. use C. pay D. afford 5. Im not tall enough to the book on the top of the shelf . A. feel B. take C. arrive D. reach 6. We are going to plant trees tomorrow . Would you like to us ? A. follow B. share C. join D. enjoy 7. I you a pleasant journey . A. wish B. hope C. expect

24、 D. want 8. What would you like to us about your hometown ? A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say 9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong . A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say10. Did you your pen-friend every month ?A. heard about B. hear from C. heard of D. hear to11. This is very diffi

25、cult . I cant work it out . A. math B. physics C. question D. problem 12. The young lady over there our new English teacher . A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can be 13. We should keep in the reading-room . A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly 14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and

26、 around , but she nothing . A. looked , saw B. saw , saw C. watched , looked D. looked , find 15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio . A. turn on B. put down C. turn down D. put on 16. Its not polite to others when they are in trouble . A. get on well with B. play games with C. laugh at D. wait f

27、or 17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him . A. went over B. fell behind C. put off D. dropped off 18. More and more foreigners want to their companies in Dalian . A. clean up B. look up C. pick up D. open up 19. Can I use the expression in the text ? No . It has . Nobody uses

28、it today . A. given up B. broken down C. gone out D. got off 20. I dont know Sams telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me ?A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look at it 21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly . A. went on B. went over C. went down D. we

29、nt out 22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes . A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about 23. Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home . A. look at B. take out C. look for D. take care of 24. They often help the farmers to the crops in

30、autumn .A. get in B. get on C. get back D. get to 詞語辨析（三）1. Lets him a message to meet us at the station . A. take B. get C. leave D. receive 2. Never forget to “ Excuse me ” when you trouble somebody . A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 . A. had B

31、. went C. fought D. lasted 4. The girls team us in the football match . A. beat B. knock C. hit D. won 5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said . A. touch B. catch C. hear D. find 6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone . A. learn B. hear C. see D. understand

32、 7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers . A. carry B. take C. accept D. keep 8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people . A. keep B. have C. hold D. fill 9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school . A. fast B. quick C. rapid D. soon 10. Many people

33、were burnt to in the fire . A. die B. dead C. death D. dying 11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second . A. family B. house C. home D. room 12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into . A. space B. sky C. heaven D. universe 13. Toms ill in hospital and his mother is him

34、 . A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after 14. China another spaceship , “ Shenzhou III ” into space in March from the Satellite Centre in China . A. put up B. put off C. sent up D. sent away 15. The students in our class very well with each other . A. get in B. get up C. get o

35、n D. get to16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table . A. ate up B. looked up C. took up D. ate out 17. The ticket is on the floor . Could you please for me ? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up 18. You may and then decide if youll buy it

36、 . A. try on it B. try out it C. try it on D. try it out 19. Whats wrong with your aunt , Bill ? Shes very ill . A doctor must be . A. sent back B. sent up C. sent away D. sent for 20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education . A. set up B. set out C. put d

37、own D. put on 21. “ Get a ladder , please . I cant . ” Jim said in a tall tree . A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over 22. Did Jack come for the meeting last night ? No . He was so tired that he soon in his room . A. fell behind B. fell off C. fell asleep D. fell over 23. If you dont kn

38、ow a word , you must the word in a dictionary .A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out 24. Please the TV . Id like to see the TV play . A. turn up B. turn on C. turn down D. turn off 詞語辨析（四）1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others . A. noise B. noisy C. voice D. sound 2. Dad told us

39、 a very interesting story , which made all of us . A. smile B. smiling C. laugh D. laughing 3. My father is ill . I stay at home and look after him . A. have to B. must C. dont have to D. mustnt 4. Im sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School . A. win B. beat C. lose D. fail 5. I

40、t took her afternoon to check out information .A. the whole , the all B. the whole , all the C. whole , all the D. whole the , the all6. Could you please help me the children ? A. wear B. dress C. put on D. dress in 7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital . A. is sent to

41、 B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesnt return 8. Jack , all the things on the desk . A. puts away B. put away C. puts on D. took away 9. , young man ! If youre late for work again , youll lose your job . A. Watch your step B. Take it easy C. Use your head D. Have a look 10. Im going to school now

42、. Bye , Mum . Wait ! Its cold outside . your coat , please . A. Put on B. Take off C. Put up D. Take down 11. Mr. Black , some boys are going to fight . Youd better the police . A. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over 12. He has for three or four days . A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. cau

43、ght a cold D. had a cold 13. The farmers are all busy the next year .A. get ready for B. got ready forC. getting ready for D. gets ready for 14. The students will the hole the earth . A. fill , with B. full , to C. fill , to D. full , by 15. Jim Kate broke the mirror . The cat did . A. Both , and B.

44、 Either , or C. Neither , nor D. Not , but 16. When is the plane to Shanghai going to take off ? . Please get ready as soon as possible .A. For a moment B. Just a moment C. In a moment D. A moment ago 17. Why are you in such a hurry ? I was told that my mother had been sent to the hospital . I have

45、to leave . A. before long B. right now C. from now on D. all the time 18. When the headmaster came into the hall , all the students to welcome him . A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned back 19. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another . She didnt want them to in the park . A. ge

46、t wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready 20. I have friends . They often come to see me .A. a quite new B. a few quite C. quite a few D. quite few 21. Uncle Wang is man that he always helps others . A. such friend of B. such a friendly C. such friendly a D. such a wonderful 22. Lucy said she had

47、nt heard music before .A. such a beautiful piece of B. a beautiful C. so beautiful aD. such a wonderful 23. After we them , we the last match . A. beat , beat B. won , beat C. beat , won D. win , won 24. Would you please speak slowly ? I can hardly you . A. talk with B. agree with C. follow D. hear

48、of 【試題答案】詞語辨析（一）1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C詞語辨析（二）1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B11. C 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A詞語辨析（三）1. C 2

49、. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B詞語辨析（四）1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C【試題分析】詞語辨析（一）1. 選B。考查4個(gè)動(dòng)詞中可作表動(dòng)詞的一項(xiàng)，

50、且可表示“聽起來”，只有sounds符合。2. 選B?？梢越觟t做形式賓語的動(dòng)詞A、B、C三個(gè)均可，但A、C常用人做主語，且由句意思“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使得在短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得很多新知識(shí)變得容易?！边@樣只有makes一項(xiàng)符合要求。6. 選D。此句意為“頭痛已經(jīng)消失了?！彼詆one是正確選項(xiàng)，它可表示某人或某物、某事消失，不存在了。10. 選B。join后可以接組織等，表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地加入，也可加某人，指短時(shí)間地加入；join in可以活動(dòng)，比賽等；take part后加in才可加活動(dòng)，比賽等，而attend較為正式，用于正式場(chǎng)合，如出席會(huì)議等。故選B。詞語辨析（三）10. 選C。固定搭配be burnt to +

51、 n. 被燒成，所以只有C為die的名詞。詞語辨析（四）6. 選B。考查與“穿”有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞區(qū)別，其中只有dress后可加某人，意為給“某人穿衣服”。第二講一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：初升高英語銜接班第2講初中基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)疏理（2）二. 重、難點(diǎn)有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句及并列句的知識(shí)疏理：1. 簡(jiǎn)單句：（1）定義：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句，如：We learn English . 我們學(xué)英語。（一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語）Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing . 小張和小王都是北京人。（一個(gè)并列主語和一個(gè)謂語）He once li

52、ved and worked here . 他曾經(jīng)在這里居住和工作過。（一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)并列謂語）My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening . 我父母早上七點(diǎn)上班，晚上八點(diǎn)回家。（一個(gè)并列主語和一個(gè)并列謂語）（2）分類：上次我們對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句按照句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)分出的5種類型做了闡述；另外，根據(jù)句子的功能或使用目的，簡(jiǎn)單句可分四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。2. 并列句：（1）定義：用并列連接詞連接起來的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句叫做并列句。（2）并列

53、句的構(gòu)成：簡(jiǎn)單句+連接詞+簡(jiǎn)單句（3）連接并列句常用的連接詞：and , but , or , so , not only but also , however , neithernor , eitheror , still等。eg.I help her and she helps me . 我?guī)退?，她幫我。He is very old but he is in good health . 他年紀(jì)很大了，但他身體很好。We must hurry or well be late . 我們得趕快走，不然就晚了。This girl did her work carefully , so she ne

54、ver made any mistakes . 這個(gè)姑娘工作認(rèn)真，從不出差錯(cuò)。Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday . 吉姆上星期不但寫信給我，而且昨天還來看過我。Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory . 理論沒有實(shí)踐不行，實(shí)踐沒有理論也不行。Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他該受責(zé)備，就是我該受責(zé)備。注意：連接詞so除起連接并列句作用外，兼

55、有結(jié)果意味；有時(shí)so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如：He can swim , so can I . 他會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)。（so代替swim）Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air . 鐵是一種物質(zhì)，水和空氣也是物質(zhì)。（so在后一句中起表語作用）3. 主從復(fù)合句（1）定義：主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是句子的主體，從句可視作句子的一個(gè)成分。從句在主從復(fù)合句中可起主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語作用。從句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么從句。（2）狀語從句：狀語從句在句中起狀語作用，修飾主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞或

56、副詞。在初中階段我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種狀語從句： 時(shí)間狀語從句：常見引導(dǎo)詞：when（當(dāng)時(shí)），as（一邊一邊，當(dāng)時(shí)），while（在過程中），before（在以前），after（在之后），since（自從以來），till（until）（直到，直到才），as soon as（一就）等。進(jìn)入高中階段之后，我們還會(huì)再見到另外一些常用的連接詞。在由以上連接詞或詞組連接的主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)是同時(shí)發(fā)生、有時(shí)是先后發(fā)生。因此，在理解和運(yùn)用帶時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，要根據(jù)連接詞所表示的不同時(shí)間意義，特別注意主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是掌握時(shí)間狀語從句的關(guān)鍵。 原因狀語從句：常由because（因?yàn)椋瑂ince（既然），as（由于）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。eg.He didnt hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio . 他沒聽見敲門聲，因?yàn)樗诼犑找魴C(jī)。Since you are free today , you had better help me with my English . 既然你今天休息，你最好幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語。As the day was fine , they decided to