《英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞》PPT課件.ppt

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1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 1.考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、 態(tài)度等,它是每年高考必考內(nèi)容. 2.命題熱點(diǎn): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,表示態(tài)度、推測(cè)的 用法以及在虛擬語氣中的運(yùn)用. 3.考查形式:主要體現(xiàn)在聽力理解、單項(xiàng)填空 和完形填空中. 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞命題特點(diǎn): 二 、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的類型 1、只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有： must, can (could), may (might), ought to; 2、可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有： need, dare(美語中常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）； 3、可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作助動(dòng)詞的有: shall (should), will (would); 4、具

2、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特征的有： have (had) to, used to. 三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征 1、有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，它們要和行為 動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語。 2、適用于主語的各種人稱和數(shù)(have to例外，主語是 第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用has to）。如： We/ He must work hard. 我們/他一定要努力工作 。 I have to walk home. 我得步行回家。 He has to walk home. 他得步行回家。 3、后面接原形動(dòng)詞，即不帶to的不定式（ought to, have to, used to本身帶有to）。如： He may lo

3、se his way. 他可能會(huì)迷路。 You ought to obey the law. 你應(yīng)該遵守法律 。 4、具有助動(dòng)詞的作用，即可用來構(gòu)成否定句、 疑問句及用于簡明答語。如： - I cant swim. Can you swim? - No, I cant either. -我不會(huì)游泳。你會(huì)游泳嗎？ - 我也不會(huì)。 1can和could 的用法 (1) His mother can / could speak French. 他媽媽會(huì)說法語。 (2) No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, yo

4、u are really his big fan. (摘自2011湖南高考) 在打籃球方面，無人能與姚明相媲美。 你真是姚明的鐵桿粉絲。 【結(jié)論1】表示體力或腦力(知識(shí)、技能)所產(chǎn)生的能力。 (3)Man can / could not live without air. 人沒有空氣不能呼吸。 (4)Could you wait a few days for the money? 錢你可以再等幾天嗎？ (5)Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 你能明天早上8點(diǎn)鐘到這兒嗎？ 【結(jié)論2】表示客觀的可能性。 【結(jié)論3】表示請(qǐng)求、建議

5、, 用could比can語氣更委婉 (回答用原形)。 (8) Can it be true? (9) You cant be serious! (10) Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? (11) How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那樣的蠢事呢？ 【結(jié)論5】表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，常用在否 定句、疑問句和感嘆句中。 (6) Could / Can I borrow your reference books? 我可以借下你的參考書嗎？ (7) You can smoke in the entran

6、ce hall. 你可以在入口大廳抽煙。 【結(jié)論4】表示允許、許可，用could 比 can更委婉客氣。 (14) They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters. (13) I couldnt but choose to wait. 【結(jié)論7】cannot but do sth. 不得不；只好 【結(jié)論7】表示“經(jīng)過努力后終于能”，用be able to， 強(qiáng)調(diào)成功地做了某事。 【結(jié)論6】 cannot . too/enough表示“無論也不過 分”；“越越好”。用來加強(qiáng)語氣。 (12) You

7、 cant be too careful while driving. 開車時(shí)越小心越好。 【疑難剖析】表能力 1、表示現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力： 表示現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力用can或be able to，一般的能力即你 無論什么時(shí)候想做就能做到的能力。 表示現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力 時(shí)，can比able to 更普遍。 be able to 表能力,可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。 A computer cant think for itself; it must be told what to do.（一般能力） He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course

8、 speak English quite well.（一般能力） I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now.（ 現(xiàn)在的能力） The biggest problem for most plants, which _just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.(07湖南) A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt B 句意為：對(duì)絕大多數(shù)受到威脅時(shí)而不能起身逃跑的植物 來說，最大的問題是動(dòng)物喜

9、歡吃它們。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 可 以表示人的能力和物的性能，故選B表示對(duì)能力的否定 。 2、表示將來的能力：will be able to If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡個(gè)好覺，那么你就能做出這個(gè)題目。 3、表示過去的能力： could表示過去一般的能力， 但不表示做或未做某事； was/ were able to表示過去有能力并且成功地做了某事， 相當(dāng)于 managed to do something/ succeeded in doing something； “could ha

10、ve +過去分詞”表示過去有能力但未做。 She could / was able to sing like an angel when she was a child.（過去一般的能力） The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （過去有能力并且成功地做了某事） I could have worked out the problem, but I didnt. （過去有能力但未做） 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句意填入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的正確形式： 盡管很累了，那些冬泳者還是游過了那條河。 Tired

11、 as they were, the winter swimmers _ swim across the river. 老師跟我談了很久，我終于被他說服了。 The teacher talked with me for a long time, and eventually, he _ make me believe him. were able to was able to (1)表示允許、請(qǐng)求。Might I ? 比 May I ? 語氣更 委婉和有禮貌。 May I ask you a question? Might I close the window? (2)表示可能性，表示“或許，

12、大概”。用于肯定句或否 定句中，用might 比 may語氣更加不肯定。 He might come tomorrow. 他可能明天來。 He may be very busy these days. 他這些天可能很忙。 2may和might的用法 (3)用于目的狀語從句中,“為了”或“以便” Study hard that you may work better in the future. They set out early so that they might arrive in time. (4)慣用形式 may (might) as well動(dòng)詞原形，不妨做 If that is

13、the case, we may as well try. Now that they were all here, she might as well speak her mind. (5)表示祝愿。 (不用might) 采用部分倒裝語序：may主語動(dòng)詞原形 May you succeed! May the friendship between us last forever (6)may作“可以”講時(shí),其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止” must作“必須”講時(shí),其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必” May I take this book out of the reading r

14、oom? No, you mustnt. You read it here. 我可以把書拿出閱覽室嗎？ 不，決不可以，你在這兒讀。 May I use your car? No, you mustnt. Sorry, but Im using it now. Youd better not. Im afraid not. 3. must，have to的用法 (1)must 表示“必須”。強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法,只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式， 否定式是must not (mustnt)，表示“禁止”，“不準(zhǔn)”。 所有人必須遵守條例。 Everybody must obey the rules. 不準(zhǔn)你和你媽媽那樣說話

15、。 You mustnt speak like that to your mother. You mustnt park here! Its an emergency exit. 你不可以在這兒停車！這是緊急情況出口處。 (2)表示有把握的推測(cè), 意為“一定,肯定”, 用于肯定句中。 走了很遠(yuǎn)的路你一定餓了。 You must be hungry after the long walk. (3)表示“偏執(zhí)”，“固執(zhí)” “偏要、硬要” 。 How old are you, madam? If you must know, Im twice my sons age. Dont interrupt

16、me, John. Must you force me to tell you the truth at the moment? 約翰，你別打斷我說話。你非得逼我這時(shí)告訴你真相嗎？ Must you make so much noise? (4) have to表示“必須，不得不”，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要， 能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)(過去式和將來式)。 因?yàn)樗耐葦嗔耍坏貌惶稍诖采稀?As he had broken his leg, he had to lie in bed. (5) Must I work out the problem tonight? No, you neednt. 4. will

17、, would的用法 (1)表示自愿做或主動(dòng)提出做什么,如意志、愿望或決心等 。 will指現(xiàn)在,would則指過去。 I will do my best to help you.我會(huì)盡力幫你的。 He said that they would help us. 他說他們會(huì)幫助我們的。 John promised his doctor he would not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. (2)用于第二人稱的疑問句中表示有禮貌的詢問和請(qǐng)求， would 比 will更委婉。 當(dāng)你看見他能給他捎個(gè)便條嗎？ Will you please

18、give him a message when you see him? 你可以教我怎樣駕車嗎？ Would you teach me how to drive a car? (3)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、傾向性，意為“總是”，“慣于” 。will指現(xiàn)在，would是指過去。 魚沒水就會(huì)死。 Fish will die without water. 星期天當(dāng)他在北京的時(shí)候就會(huì)來看我。 He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing. (4)表示說話人的推測(cè)，意為“大概，也許”。would 的肯 定性不如will強(qiáng)，語氣比較弱。 Th

19、at will be the man you want to see. Perhaps she would be willing to meet us. (5) 表示功能，譯作“能”或“行”。 That will do. The machine wont work. He tried the door again, but it wouldnt open 【疑難剖析】 would 與used to 的區(qū)別： We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (過去常有的習(xí)慣，但言下之意是現(xiàn)在可能還有這樣的習(xí)慣 ) W

20、e used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (過去常有的習(xí)慣，但言下之意是現(xiàn)在沒有這樣的習(xí)慣了) There used to be a park here. used to表示過去的某種習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒那樣的習(xí)慣了 ；would 表示過去有某種習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在可能還有。表示過 去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to，不能用would。 (1) shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求 對(duì)方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 Shall I / we / he / she / they? Shall I turn off th

21、e light?我可以把燈關(guān)掉嗎？ Shall the driver wait outside? 司機(jī)將在外面等嗎？ 5. shall, should, ought to的用法 (2) shall用于第二、第三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示 說話人的決心、意志、許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。 You shall go with me. You shall not leave your post. (3) 當(dāng)頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)，也要用shall。 The sign reads: No person shall smoke here! (5) should表示按常規(guī)、常理推測(cè)，意為“可能”或 “應(yīng) 該”。

22、Mother should be back by now. 媽媽現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該回來啦。 (6) 提出意見、建議時(shí)，可用should表示委婉、謙遜的 語氣，意為“可”，“倒是”。 I should think you are mistaken. 我倒認(rèn)為你是錯(cuò)的。 (4) should意為“應(yīng)該”，表義務(wù)、責(zé)任，也可表示勸告、 建議。 You should keep your promise. 你應(yīng)該信守諾言。 (8)ought to表示責(zé)任和義務(wù)“應(yīng)該”，語氣比 should強(qiáng)； 還可表推測(cè)。 You have practiced for a long time. There ought to be

23、 no difficulty for you. You ought to finish your work before you go home. 你應(yīng)該在回家前完成作業(yè)。 (7)Why/ How should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對(duì)某事不能理解， 感到意外、驚異等意思，意為“竟會(huì)”。 Why should you be so late? 你今天來得怎么這么晚？ How should I know? 我怎會(huì)知道！(意為：我不知道。) 6.need的用法 (1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否 定句、疑問句、條件句中，且只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其他時(shí)態(tài)用 “have to”的相應(yīng)形式代替。 Yo

24、u neednt water the tomato plants now. Need he come now? Yes, he must. / No, he neednt. / he doesnt have to. (2)need還可以用作行為動(dòng)詞，其變化和一般的動(dòng)詞相同 。若主語為動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)用動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing. The house needs to be repaired. 房子需要修理。 (3)注意對(duì)need問句的回答: Need I finish the work today? Yes, _. No,

25、_. No, _. you must you neednt you dont have to “Must？”一般疑問句的否定回答要用: No, sb. neednt. Must I finish my homework now? No, you_ Shall I tell John about it? No, you _ neednt (dont have to) neednt (dont have to) 7. dare的用法 (1) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“敢于”用于否定句、疑問句和 條件句中。 She dare not go there.她不敢去那兒。 How dare she do s

26、uch a thing? 她怎敢做那樣的事情？ (2) 慣用短語“I dare say”意為“我想，大概”。 I dare say he is right. 我想他大概是對(duì)的吧。 (3)dare還可以用作行為動(dòng)詞，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同。 (在否定句中時(shí)，dare后的“to動(dòng)詞原形”可以省略to)。 Do you dare to jump into the ocean? 你敢往海里跳嗎？ I dont dare (to) ask her. 我不敢問她。 可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞 . need dare 1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.尤其用于

27、： *否定句及疑問句中; *在if/whether之后; *或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用; 3.常以neednt和 darent 的形式出現(xiàn);4.dare有其過去時(shí)dared. 多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do (sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing I darent ask her for a rise. How did you dare to tell her that? I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. I dont

28、 know how she dares to wear that dress. Do you need any help? I wonder whether he need send it immediately. I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. The garden doesnt need watering at the moment. You neednt finish that work today. 判斷正誤: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say su

29、ch a thing? He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully

30、. These dishes need cleaning carefully. 1. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall D 2 Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _， in case he comes late for the meeting. Awill Bmust Cmay D

31、can B 3I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. Acant Bmustnt Cdarent DneedntD 4If you _go, at least wait until the storm is over. Acan Bmay Cmust Dwill C 5 Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night

32、. Acould Bmight Cwould DshouldC 1can用于肯定句中有時(shí)可以用來表示推測(cè)，“有時(shí)會(huì)”；用于疑 問句中可以表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，有時(shí)表示一種驚訝的語氣 ；用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，cant “不可能”，語氣很強(qiáng) 烈。 (1) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家鄉(xiāng)在三月份通常很暖和，但有時(shí)候也會(huì)相當(dāng)冷。 (2) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he wa

33、s late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很準(zhǔn)時(shí)，他怎么可能開會(huì)遲到呢？ (3) Im afraid Mr. Harding cant see you now. Hes busy. 恐怕Mr. Harding現(xiàn)在不能見你，他很忙。 2may用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測(cè)，意為“可能” 用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，may not意為“可能不” ，表示一種不太確定的語氣。 (1)The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place？ 這些天交通很繁忙，

34、我可能會(huì)來晚一點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)你幫我 保留個(gè)位置好嗎？ (2)Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people. 言語不多的人未必就是害羞。他們或許就是安靜 的人。 3must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中,意為“一定,必定 ”,表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can) 。 Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (摘自2009湖南高考) 這是辦公室！所以你

35、一定知道這里不許吃東西。 噢，對(duì)不起。 4should 用來表示推測(cè)時(shí)意為“應(yīng)該”，即含有“按道理 來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此”的意思。 There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 因?yàn)槟阍隈{校訓(xùn)練了那么多，通過路考應(yīng)該沒什么困 難。 1It _be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt B 2 I dont rea

36、lly like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. Amust not Bneed not Cwould not Dmight notD 3 Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah，good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters. Amight Bmust Cwould DcanB

37、 4(2012濰坊市模擬)Dont worry. Ive just sent an ambulance to you. They _ be there any second. Acould Bmight Cwould DshouldD 1. can/could have done表示“本來可以做，而實(shí)際上未 做”或者 “過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對(duì)過去發(fā) 生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多 用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。 I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本來能用12秒鐘完100米的.（實(shí)際上沒能）

38、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已提升 了（實(shí)際上沒有被提升） Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He cant have gone far his coats still here. 2may/might have done表示對(duì)過去行為的推測(cè),“可能 做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉 。 此外might have done可表示“本

39、可能做而實(shí)際上未做 ”。 Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 對(duì)不起，我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關(guān)掉后又睡著了 。 3must have done表示對(duì)過去行為的推測(cè),意為“一定， 想必”，語氣十分肯定。 Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man. 杰克說他父親是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人，多年前他父親一定 是個(gè)勇敢的男孩子。 4

40、. should have done表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻 沒有做；shouldnt have done表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某 事而實(shí)際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責(zé)備的意味。 I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的，但我們卻去看音樂會(huì)了。 5. ought to have done表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際 上卻沒有做；ought n

41、ot to have done表示過去本來不 應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。這一用法與should相 同，也往往含有責(zé)備的意味。 You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didnt you come? 昨天你本來應(yīng)該參加聚會(huì)的，可是你為什么不來？ 6. neednt have done表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了 I need not have got up so early . 我本來不必要那么早起床的（事實(shí)上早已起床） I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本

42、來不必要等一個(gè)小時(shí)的火車.（事實(shí)上已等了一個(gè)小時(shí) ） 7. would have done 用在虛擬語氣中表示與過去事實(shí)相反 之假設(shè)的結(jié)果，常與if 的條件句連用。 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我當(dāng)時(shí)知道你們的窘境，我就會(huì)幫助你了。 （而實(shí)際上沒有幫助你） If it hadnt rained yesterday, we would have gone out for a walk.假如昨天沒下雨，我們就去散步了。 （實(shí)際上沒有去）。 8. had better have done用于事后的建議

43、，含有輕微 責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”，其否定式 表 達(dá)相反的含義。 You had better have started earlier. You had better not have scolded her. 9. would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做某事”， 其否定式 would rather not have done 表達(dá)相反含義 ，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。 I would rather have taken his advice. I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rathe

44、r not have done that. 1They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. Awill Bcan Cmust Dshould D 2 I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolen Cshould have

45、 stolen Dmust have stolen B 3(2012濰坊市抽樣檢測(cè)) They _ have prepared for the meeting more carefully. But they didnt. What a pity! Ashouldnt Bcant Cmay Dought to D 4(2012日照高三調(diào)研)We _ have hurried all the way to the airport the flight was called off because of the foggy weather. Amustnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dwo

46、uldnt C 5. Mr White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt turn up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving A 6. If he had been here yesterday, he _ this pop star. A. would meet B. would have met C. met D. must have met B 7. It is hard for me to imag

47、ine what I would be doing today if I_ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall B 8. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win

48、 B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 9. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 1. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money. 【2012全國卷II】 A. canB.

49、 mightC. wouldD. need 2. _you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. 【2012重慶】 A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 2012年高考題 A C 3. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 【2012全國】 A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. ne

50、ednt D 4. I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【2012陜西】 A. wont B. cant C. can D. will B 5. Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet. 【2012天津】 A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt 6. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with u

51、s for dinner. 【2012江西】 A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt C B 7. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. 【2012遼寧】 A. might B. could C. shall D. will 8. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China. 【2012四川】 A

52、. must B. might C. can D. should C B 9. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was. 【2012江蘇】 A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt C 10. 【2012江蘇】Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I _ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished. C. may have wished D. could have wished D