新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第四冊重點(diǎn)段落課文翻譯

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1、 unit3 TextA Fred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the world 弗雷德?史密斯與聯(lián)邦快遞：一種變化了世界的創(chuàng)想 1 Every night several hundred planes bearing a purple, white, and orange design touch down at Memphis Airport, in Tennessee. What precedes this landing are package pick-ups from locations all over th

2、e United States earlier in the day. Crews unload the planes' cargo of more than half a million parcels and letters. The rectangular packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address, then loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their destinations to be dispersed by hand

3、— many within 24 hours of leaving their senders. This is the culmination of a dream of Frederick W. Smith, the founder, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of the FedEx Corp. — known originally as Federal Express — the largest and most successful overnight delivery service

4、in the world. Conceived when he was in college and now in its 28th year of operation, Smith's exquisite brainchild has become the standard for door-to-door package delivery. 每天夜晚，在田納西州的孟菲斯機(jī)場，均有幾百架帶著白、紫、桔色圖案的飛機(jī)降落。而在每天此前的早些時候，這些飛機(jī)都在美國各地收集包裹。工作人員從飛機(jī)上卸下的包裹及信件數(shù)量超過五十萬之巨。長方形的包裹和信封又在這里根據(jù)收件地址被迅速整頓分揀，然后裝載上其她

5、飛機(jī)，飛往各自的目的地，在那兒再由人工投遞——到這時諸多郵件離開寄件人之手還不到24小時。這是弗雷德里克·W.史密斯的終極夢想，她就是聯(lián)邦快遞集團(tuán)（最初為聯(lián)邦快遞）這一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送達(dá)服務(wù)公司的創(chuàng)始人、總裁、首席執(zhí)行官及董事會主席。如今，史密斯這一源于大學(xué)時代的妙想已在現(xiàn)實(shí)中經(jīng)營到了第28個年頭，并已成為包裹快遞入戶行業(yè)的標(biāo)桿。 2 Recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, Smith is held in high regard by his compe

6、titors as well as his employees and stockholders. Fred Smith was just 27 when he founded FedEx. Now, so many years later, he's still the "captain of the ship". He attributes the success of the company simply to leadership, something he deduced from his years in the military, and from his family. 史密

7、斯被公覺得是一位和藹可親、性格迷人的杰出公司家。無論是她的競爭者、員工，還是她公司股票的持有人，都對她十分敬重。弗雷德·史密斯創(chuàng)立“聯(lián)邦快遞”時只有27歲。目前近年過去了，她仍然坐在“掌門人”的位置上。她將公司的成功簡樸地歸因于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，而這一推論則來自于她的軍旅生涯及其家庭的影響。 7 Smith completed two tours in Vietnam, eventually flying more than 200 missions. "In the military, leadership means getting a group of people to subordina

8、te their individual desires and ambitions for the achievement of organizational goals," Smith says, fusing together his military and business experiences. "And good leadership has very measurable effects on a company's bottom line." 史密斯在越南戰(zhàn)場上服役兩期，完畢了兩百多次飛行任務(wù)。“在軍隊中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力意味著能使團(tuán)隊中所有成員將個人的盼望與抱負(fù)置于附屬地位，而以實(shí)

9、現(xiàn)集體目的為重，”史密斯說道，這其中融合了她軍旅生涯和經(jīng)營管理的經(jīng)驗。“而優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力對控制一種公司的盈虧底線來說具有相稱重要的作用?！? 12 Although Smith avoids the media and the trappings of public life, he is said to be a friendly and accessible employer. He values his people and never takes them for granted. He reportedly visits FedEx's Memphis site at nigh

10、t from time to time and addresses sorters by name. For years he extended an offer to any courier with 10 years of service to come to Memphis for an "anniversary breakfast". That embodies Fred Smith's philosophy: People, Service, Profit (P-S-P). Smith says, "The P-S-P philosophy is like an unbroken c

11、ircle or chain. There are no clearly definable points of entry or exit. Each link upholds the others and is, in turn, supported by them." In articulating this philosophy and in personally involving himself in its implementation, Frederick Smith is the forerunner of the new sphere of leadership that

12、success in the future will demand. 盡管史密斯回避媒體采訪和公眾生活的榮耀，但她卻被稱為是一位友善而平易近人的雇主。她注重自己的雇員，從不覺得她們理所應(yīng)當(dāng)該為自己工作。有報道稱，她會時不時在晚上拜訪聯(lián)邦快遞位于孟菲斯的基地，并且稱名道姓地與包裹分揀人員打招呼。她會積極發(fā)邀請給任何一位已在公司服務(wù)十年的快遞員，請她們到孟菲斯出席“周年慶典早餐”，這已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很近年。而這其中涉及了弗雷德·史密斯自己的哲學(xué)：人員，服務(wù)，利潤（P-S-P）。史密斯說，“P-S-P的哲學(xué)理念就仿佛一種不可分割的循環(huán)，沒有清晰可辨的入口或出口，每一種環(huán)節(jié)都支持著其她環(huán)節(jié)，同步也反過來受

13、其她環(huán)節(jié)支撐?！蓖ㄟ^明確體現(xiàn)并親身踐行這一理念，弗雷德里克·史密斯已成為將來成功所必需的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)領(lǐng)域的開拓者。 近年來,隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為一種熱門話題。以蓬勃發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要引擎。國內(nèi)政府高度注重發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì),提出了“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的概念,以推動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)療、交通、教育、金融、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的結(jié)合。這將為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供極大的發(fā)展?jié)摿透鼜V闊的發(fā)展空間。隨著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”戰(zhàn)略的進(jìn)一步實(shí)行,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必將與更多老式行業(yè)進(jìn)一步融合,助力打造“中國經(jīng)濟(jì)升級版”。 In?recent?years,?with?the?rapid?develo

14、pment?of?Internet?technology,?the?Internet?economy?has?become?a?hot?issue.?As?represented?by?the?promising?E-commerce,?the?Internet?economy?has?become?a?strong?driving?force?for?the?economic?development.?Our?government?attaches?great?importance?to?developing?the?Internet?economy?and?proposes?the?con

15、cept?of?"Internet?Plus",?aiming?to?integrate?Internet?with?other?industries,?such?as?health?care,?transportation,?education,?finance,?and?public?service.?This?will?create?great?potential?and?broad?prospects?for?the?development?of?the?Internet?economy.?With?the?implementation?of?the?"Internet?Plus"?s

16、trategy,?the?Internet?is?certain?to?be?integrated?with?more?traditional?industries?and?help?build?"the?upgraded?version?of?the?Chinese?econom?y". unit4 TextA Achieving sustainable environmentalism 實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的環(huán)保主義 2 There is a simple way. First, differentiate between environmental lux

17、uries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Call this distinction the definitive rule of sane environmentalism, which stipulates that combating ecological change that directly threatens t

18、he health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury. 有一種簡便的措施。一方面要辨別什么是環(huán)境奢侈品，什么是環(huán)境必需品。奢侈品是指那些無需人類付出代價就能擁有的給人美好感受的東西。必需品則是指那些無論付出什么代價，都一定要去擁有的東西。這一辨別原則可以被稱為理性環(huán)保主義的至高原則。它規(guī)定，對那些直接威脅人類健康與安全的生態(tài)變化采用應(yīng)對措施是環(huán)保的必需品，而其她則都屬于奢侈品。 9 I like the caribou as much as the next person. An

19、d I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns were disturbed. But you can't have your cake and eat it too. And in the standoff of the welfare of caribou versus reducing an oil reliance that gets people killed in wars, I choose people over caribou every time. 我像別人同樣喜歡馴鹿。如果她們的交配模式受到干擾，我會感到非常遺憾。但

20、是，魚和熊掌不能兼得。是要保護(hù)馴鹿，還是要為了避免人們在戰(zhàn)爭中喪生而減少對石油的依賴，面對這一僵局，我每次都會選擇人類而不是馴鹿。 10 I feel similarly about the spotted owl in Oregon. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at a negligible cost, I would agree that it should be — biodiversity is after all necessary to the ecosystem. But we must remem

21、ber that not every species is needed to keep that diversity. Sometimes aesthetic aspects of life have to be sacrificed to more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose the families (with their saws and chopped timber)

22、 over the owl. 我對俄勒岡州的斑點(diǎn)貓頭鷹的態(tài)度也是同樣。我絕不是仇視貓頭鷹。如果花很少的代價就可以保護(hù)貓頭鷹，我會贊同它應(yīng)受保護(hù)——畢竟，生物多樣性對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是非常必要的。但是，我們必須記住，保持生物多樣性并不意味著要留住每一種物種。有時候，為了更加主線的利益，我們不得不犧牲一部分生活中美的東西。如果為了保護(hù)斑點(diǎn)貓頭鷹而讓三萬伐木工家庭失去生計，我會選擇伐木工家庭（涉及她們的鋸子和砍伐的木材），而不是貓頭鷹。 11 The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundame

23、ntal and those that are not. Nature is our ward, not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But when humans have to choose between their own well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate. 重要的是，我們要辨別哪些東西對環(huán)保是主線性的，哪些是非主線性的。自然受我們的監(jiān)護(hù)，而不是我們的主人。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重自然，也可以開發(fā)運(yùn)用自然。但是，如果人類必須

24、在自身的福利和自然的福利之間作出選擇，自然則必須作出讓步。 蘇州園林是中國古典園林最杰出的代表,大部分為私家所有。蘇州園林始于春秋,興于宋元,盛于明清。清末蘇州已有各色園林170余處,為其贏得了“園林之城”的稱號。現(xiàn)保存完好的園林有60多處,對外開放的有十余處。其中滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園和留園分別代表著宋、元、明、清四個朝代的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格,被稱為“蘇州四大名園”。蘇州園林宅園合一,可賞,可游,可居,其建筑規(guī)制反映力中國古代江南民間的生活方式和禮儀習(xí)俗。蘇州園林不僅是歷史文化的產(chǎn)物,同步也是中國老式思想文化的載體。1997年,蘇州園林被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入“世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”

25、 Suzhou?gardens?are?the?most?outstandingrepresentatives?of?classical?Chinese?gardens.Most?of?them?were?privately-owned.?The?gardensfirst?appeared?in?the?Spring?and?Autumn?Period,developed?in?the?Song?and?Yuan?dynasties,?andflourished?in?the?Ming?and?Qing?dynasties.?Bythe?late?Qing?Dynasty,?Suzho

26、u?had?got?as?manyas?over?170?gardens?of?diverse?styles,?Winning?itthe?name?“The?City?of?Gardens”.?Now,?over?60gardens?are?kept?in?good?condition,?of?which?morethan?10?are?Open?to?the?public.?The?Surging?WavePavilion,?the?Lion?Grove?Garden,?the?HumbleAdministrator’s?Garden?and?the?Lingerin?g?Gardenar

27、e?called?the?four?most?famous?gardens?in?Suzhourepresenting?the?artistic?styles?of?the?Song,?Yuan,Ming?and?Qing?dynasties?respectively.Suzhougardens?are?assemblies?of?residences?and?gardens,which?makes?them?suitable?places?for?living,?visitingand?appreciating.?The?architectural?principles?of?lthe?ga

28、rdens?are?a?demonstration?of?the?lifestylesand?social?customs?of?the?ancient?Chinese?peoplein?the?south?of?the?Lower?Yangtze?River.?Suzhougardens?are?not?onlya?product?of?Chinese?historyand?culture,?but?also?a?carrier?of?traditional?Chinese?ideology?and?culture.In?1997,Suzhou?gardens?were?inscribed?

29、on?the?World?Heritage?List?by?UNESCO. unit5 TextA Speaking Chinese in America 在美國說中文 12 As any child of immigrant parents knows, there is a special kind of double bind attached to knowing two languages. My parents, for example, spoke to me in both Chinese and English; I spoke back to the

30、m in English. 生于移民家庭的孩子都清晰，有一種特殊的兩難境地與說兩種語言的生活聯(lián)系在一起。例如我父母，她們和我說話時中文和英文都用，但我和她們說話時只用英文。 20 Having listened to both Chinese and English, I'm suspicious of comparisons between the two languages, as I notice the reciprocal challenges they each present. English speakers say Chinese is extremely diffi

31、cult because different words can be denoted by very subtle variations in tone. English is often bracketed with the label of inconsistency, a language of too many broken rules. 由于始終同步聽著中英文兩種語言，故而我對它們之間的任何對比總是心存懷疑，由于我注意到它們各自均有對方所沒有的難點(diǎn)。說英文的人會覺得中文極其難，由于中文用非常微妙的聲調(diào)變化就可以表達(dá)不同的詞語。而英文則常常被覺得缺少一致性，由于英文具有太多不合規(guī)則

32、的用法。 22 I worry that the dominant society may see Chinese people from a limited perspective, hedging us in with the stereotype. I worry that the seemingly innocent stereotype may lead to actual intolerance and be part of the reason why there are few Chinese in top management positions, or in th

33、e main judiciary or political sectors. I worry about the power of language: If one says anything enough times, it might become true, with or without malicious intent. 我緊張主流社會也許會從一種狹隘的角度、以一種成見看待中國人。我緊張這種看似無害的成見實(shí)際會導(dǎo)致人們對中國人難以容忍，并成為中國人在高層管理職位或重要的司法及政府部門寥寥無幾的部分因素。我緊張語言的力量，即如果一種人將一件事說了諸多遍，無論其與否有歹意，這件事都會變

34、成事實(shí)。 中華文明曾對世界文明產(chǎn)生過重大影響。近年來,隨著國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和國際地位的提高,歷史悠久的中國文化正引起世界新的關(guān)注。越來越多的中國元素為當(dāng)今世界潮流、文學(xué)、影視作品等提供了創(chuàng)作靈感,成為熱門題材。這一現(xiàn)象表白,世界需要中國文化。在這種背景下,國內(nèi)決定實(shí)行文化“走出去”大力推動了國內(nèi)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,正成為提高國內(nèi)國家形象和綜合實(shí)力的有效途徑。 Chinese?civilization?once?had?a?significant?influenceon?world?civilization.?With?the?development?of?ourcountry’s?e?c

35、onomy?and?the?rise?of?her?internationalstatus?in?recent?years,?Chinese?culture,?which?hasa?long?history,?is?once?again?attracting?globalattention.?More?and?more?Chinese?cultural?elementsprovide?inspiration?for?and?become?popular?subjectsof?fashions,?literature?and?movies?around?the?world.This?shows?

36、that?the?world?needs?Chinese?culture.?Itwas?in?this?context?that?China?decided?to?implementthe?“Culture?Exporting”?strategy?so?as?to?enhanceher?cultural?exchanges?with?the?rest?of?the?world.After?several?years’?efforts,?great?achievements?havebeen?made?in?this?respect.?“Culture?Exporting”?hasgreatly

37、?promoted?the?development?of?our?culturalindustries.?It?is?becoming?an?effective?approachthrough?which?China?enhances?her?nationalimageand?comprehensive?strength.? unit8 TextA A meaningful life 故意義的人生 3 I left New York soon after that, but one day got a call from Henry. He talked with me about h

38、is work. I knew that for over a century, the animal rights movement had been putting out graphic brochures, leaflets, and audio propaganda, alerting people to the dreadful experiments on animals. But in all that time, the number of animals used in experiments had risen from a small batch of a few hu

39、ndred to more than 30 million. No activist had managed to stop a single experiment or improve the lives of animals living in tiny, constricted enclosures. Henry changed that. One of his earliest campaigns permanently closed down a laboratory conducting experiments with toxic vapor on about 60 rabbit

40、s. 在那之后，我不久就離開了紐約。但是有一天，我接到了亨利的電話。她和我聊起了她的工作。我懂得，一種多世紀(jì)以來，動物權(quán)益運(yùn)動的倡導(dǎo)者始終通過散發(fā)帶圖畫的手冊、傳單以及音頻宣傳材料，來引起公眾對那些可怕的動物實(shí)驗的關(guān)注。但與此同步，用于實(shí)驗的動物數(shù)量從本來區(qū)區(qū)幾百驟增到三千多萬。沒有哪位活動家曾成功制止過一項實(shí)驗或改善了蝸居在狹小困籠中的動物的生活。亨利卻變化了這一切。她初期的運(yùn)動之一就是使一間用毒蒸汽在大概60只兔子身上做實(shí)驗的實(shí)驗室被永久關(guān)閉。 6 We often assume that society has become too big and too bureaucratic

41、for individuals to make a difference. How could one individual, however humane and passionate, possibly bring about change in the face of powerful global corporations, ministerial indifference and complicated parliamentary rules? 我們常常覺得社會已經(jīng)變得太大、太官僚，從而個體不也許變化它。在面對強(qiáng)大的跨國公司、冷漠的執(zhí)政部門和眾多復(fù)雜的議會規(guī)則時，單單一種人，不管她

42、多么具有人道主義，多么富有激情，又如何能促成變化呢？ 13 One essential mark of living well is to be satisfied with one's accomplishments when taking a retrospective look at life, and to be able to accept death and face infinity calmly. Henry's life seemed to lack many of the things that most of us take for granted as essen

43、tial to a good life. He never married, or had a long-term, live-in relationship. He had no children or successors. He never went to concerts, to the theater, or to fine restaurants. He didn't bring antibiotics to the needy or vaccinate the poor. He was never called a hero like the caped crusaders of

44、 our comic books. There is no fancy stone for him at the cemetery after his death. He just cared for the weakest creatures in his society. What gave Henry Spira's life depth and purpose? What did he — and others — find meaningful in the way he lived his life? 一種人活得好的一種主線標(biāo)志就是，在她回眸自己人生的時候，她對自己的成就感到滿意

45、，并且可以冷靜地接受死亡、面對永恒。亨利的人生似乎缺少了我們大多數(shù)人想固然地覺得美好人生所必須具有的諸多東西。她畢生未婚，也從未經(jīng)歷過長期的戀愛同居關(guān)系；她沒有孩子或別的繼承人；她歷來不去音樂會、劇院或高檔飯店；她也沒有給生活艱難者帶去抗生素或是給貧困者接種疫苗。她歷來沒有像我們的漫畫書中那些披著斗篷的社會改革家那樣被稱為英雄。她死后墳場上也沒有什么精致的墓碑。她只是關(guān)懷社會中脆弱的生靈。是什么讓亨利·斯皮拉的生活富有深度、目的明確呢？在她的這種生活中，她，以及其她人，又發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么故意義的東西呢？ 近年來,社會的發(fā)展和就業(yè)形勢的變化對大學(xué)生提出了更高的規(guī)定。越來越多的大學(xué)生不再局限于

46、課本知識的學(xué)習(xí),她們開始走出“象牙塔”,運(yùn)用業(yè)余時間積極投身于社會實(shí)踐活動。通過社會實(shí)踐活動,大學(xué)生可以更多的理解社會,增強(qiáng)社會責(zé)任感,提高分析問題和解決問 題的能力。同步,參與社會實(shí)踐活動還可以協(xié)助學(xué)生結(jié)識到自身的局限性,明確將來努力的方向。所有這些都將為她們積累社會閱歷和工作經(jīng)驗,為將來的就業(yè)或創(chuàng)業(yè)打下良好的基本。 In recent years, the social development andchanges in employment situation have put higherrequirements on college students. Instead ofcon

47、fining themselves to the knowledge in books,more and more college students are stepping-outof the “Ivory Tower” and taking an active partin social practice in their spare time. Throughsocial practice, college students can have a deeperunderstanding of society, increase their sense ofsocial responsib

48、ility, and improve their analyticaland problem-solving abilities. Meanwhile, takingpart in social practice can also help studentsrecognize their own shortcomings and have a clearidea about where they are to go in the future. Allthese benefits will help them build up social andwork experience, which will lay a solid foundationfor them in finding jobs or starting their ownbusinesses in the future.