八上 過去進行時1

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1、1、一般過去時 概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為； 時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), 具體時間, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞的過去式 例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know

2、you were so busy. 一般過去時表示 (1)過去某個特定時間發(fā)生，也可以表示(2)過去習(xí)慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。 句式：主語+過去動詞+其他 現(xiàn)在完成時： 概念： 補充過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done) 用法：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have spent all

3、of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.) Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地) （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用. ①for+時段 ②since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從……以來） ③since+

4、時段+ago ④since+從句（過去時） ●⑤It is+時段+since+從句（過去時） 過去進行時： 概念：表示過去某時正在進行的動作(不強調(diào)是否完成） 用法： 1.表示過去某一時間內(nèi)（正在）進行的動作 如：I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday. 2.表示一動作正在進行時，另一動作同時正在進行. (1)用while連接（while只接doing）（注：如果主句和從句都是一般過去時，可以用while連接兩個句子） 例:My mother was cooking while I w

5、as doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動作時態(tài)一致) (2）when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后動作時間長，用doing，時間短，用did） 例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達了具體時間) 3.重復(fù)的動作 When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 4.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作 She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here. 5.有時可強調(diào)過去某一

6、動作延續(xù)時間較長 常用的時間狀語：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. 這些是我很認真去找的 希望能夠幫組到你！ When I got to the top of the mountain, the su

7、n was shining. 一、 單項選擇 1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time. ? A. has worked

8、 B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 3. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it. ? A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 4. I ___ my breakfast when my friend came. ? A. had B. had bee

9、n having C. have been having D. was having 5.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone. ? A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken 二、 動詞填空。 １．John_______（work） all day yesterday. ２． —What______you _______（do） at ten o'clock yesterday﹖ 3. This time ye

10、sterday Jack ______ (mend) his bike. 4. I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night. 5. It was six. The Greens ______ (have) supper. 6. When you ______ (knock) at the door yesterday,I ______ (do) some washing. 7. While my mother ______ (watch) TV, I ______(make) a kite. 定 語 從 句 什么是定語從句？ ?

11、首先，我們要理解“定語”這一語法概念。所謂“定語”，就是對某一名詞或代詞加以限定或修飾的，比如：a good teacher 中的good一詞就是定語，對名詞teacher加以限定和修飾。如果我們用一個句子對某一名詞或代詞加以限定和修飾，我們則稱這個句子為定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。本單元主要掌握關(guān)系代詞who和 that. 例1： There was a new student who joined our class

12、 today. 其中student 是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)了定語從句，并在句中作主語。 例 2: Bill Gates entered Harvard University that many people dream of. that 在句中做dream of 的賓語。 例3;It’s a computer that costs 5,000 yuan. that 在從句中做主語 一、??????????? ???????????定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 例句 人 who, that This is the man wh

13、o/that took the photo. 物 that,which The train that/which has just left is for Beijing. 1. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。

14、因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。 2. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。 3. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the tal

15、k yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。 4. I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D

16、。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。 一. 單項填空 　1.Do you like music __________makes you relaxed? A.it B.what C.who D.that 2.--That is the man _______saved ten children in the earthquake.—How brave he is! A.who B.which

17、 C.where D.what 3.This is the novel _______is written by Guo Jingming. A.who B.what C.that D./ 4.The reporter is interviewing Yao Ming _____I like very much. A.which B. who where D. when 　5.Do you know Mrs Jackson _______daughter is a famous poet? A.that B.whose C.who D. of whom