八上 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1

1、一般過(guò)去時(shí) 概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為； 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), 具體時(shí)間, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示 (1)過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生，也可以表示(2)過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。 句式：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去動(dòng)詞+其他 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 概念： 補(bǔ)充過(guò)去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) 用法：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過(guò)或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.) Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地) （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用. ①for+時(shí)段 ②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從……以來(lái)） ③since+時(shí)段+ago ④since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)） ●⑤It is+時(shí)段+since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否完成） 用法： 1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)（正在）進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 如：I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday. 2.表示一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行. (1)用while連接（while只接doing）（注：如果主句和從句都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，可以用while連接兩個(gè)句子） 例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)一致) (2）when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，用doing，時(shí)間短，用did） 例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時(shí)間) 3.重復(fù)的動(dòng)作 When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 4.表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here. 5.有時(shí)可強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. 這些是我很認(rèn)真去找的 希望能夠幫組到你！ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 一、 單項(xiàng)選擇 1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.   A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 3. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.   A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 4. I ___ my breakfast when my friend came.   A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having 5.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.   A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken 二、 動(dòng)詞填空。 １．John_______（work） all day yesterday. ２． —What______you _______（do） at ten o'clock yesterday﹖ 3. This time yesterday Jack ______ (mend) his bike. 4. I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night. 5. It was six. The Greens ______ (have) supper. 6. When you ______ (knock) at the door yesterday,I ______ (do) some washing. 7. While my mother ______ (watch) TV, I ______(make) a kite. 定 語(yǔ) 從 句 什么是定語(yǔ)從句？   首先，我們要理解“定語(yǔ)”這一語(yǔ)法概念。所謂“定語(yǔ)”，就是對(duì)某一名詞或代詞加以限定或修飾的，比如：a good teacher 中的good一詞就是定語(yǔ)，對(duì)名詞teacher加以限定和修飾。如果我們用一個(gè)句子對(duì)某一名詞或代詞加以限定和修飾，我們則稱這個(gè)句子為定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。本單元主要掌握關(guān)系代詞who和 that. 例1： There was a new student who joined our class today. 其中student 是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)了定語(yǔ)從句，并在句中作主語(yǔ)。 例 2: Bill Gates entered Harvard University that many people dream of. that 在句中做dream of 的賓語(yǔ)。 例3;It’s a computer that costs 5,000 yuan. that 在從句中做主語(yǔ) 一、                       定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 例句 人 who, that This is the man who/that took the photo. 物 that,which The train that/which has just left is for Beijing. 1. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適。 2. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以只有that合適。 3. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適。 4. I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適。 一. 單項(xiàng)填空 　1.Do you like music __________makes you relaxed? A.it B.what C.who D.that 2.--That is the man _______saved ten children in the earthquake.—How brave he is! A.who B.which C.where D.what 3.This is the novel _______is written by Guo Jingming. A.who B.what C.that D./ 4.The reporter is interviewing Yao Ming _____I like very much. A.which B. who where D. when 　5.Do you know Mrs Jackson _______daughter is a famous poet? A.that B.whose C.who D. of whom