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2012屆高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)經(jīng)典講義過去分詞歸納
I．形式和性質(zhì)：
1．過去分詞只有一種形式，即V-ed。沒有所謂的“一般體”“進(jìn)行體”與“完成體”之分。過去分詞也沒有“主動(dòng)式”與“被動(dòng)式”之稱謂。
2．過去分詞一般有以下特征：
2．1 被動(dòng)性：過去分詞的邏輯主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是發(fā)出者（doer）。
2．2 完成性： 與句中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作、另一個(gè)時(shí)間或句子產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間相比，分詞的動(dòng)作往往先已發(fā)生。
〖分析〗1. The injured man （=The man who had been injured）was sent to hospital wi
2、thout delay.
2. This is the book borrowed (= which was borrowed) from the school library last week.
3. Done in a hurry(Because it had been done in a hurry), Tom's homework was full of mistakes and errors.
〖例外〗1. 在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞和帶有將來時(shí)間狀語的分詞不具完成 性。如：
I'll
3、have my house enlarged.
The car repaired this afternoon belongs to one of my friends.
2. 一些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，不具被動(dòng)性。
An old man was collecting the fallen leaves in the yard.
The police were searching for the escaped man.
II. 句法功能
1.
4、主語
過去分詞前加上定冠詞可用作主語，表示一個(gè)類別的人（事物）。如：
The accused have been acquitted.
The wounded were left hidden in that village .
這種用法時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，但在上下文明確時(shí)也可能用于指一類中的個(gè)別，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：
The deceased is his father.
The wounded is a policeman.
2. 賓語
過去分詞前加上
5、定冠詞可用作賓語，也表示一個(gè)類別的人（事物）。如：
Everyone in our society should respect and help the disabled.
Listen to the voice of the oppressed .
3．表語
The boys were astonished.
The door remained locked.
They seemed worried.
He is
6、 well known to us all.
4．定語
4.1 前置定語由單個(gè)分詞充當(dāng)
The broken glass is still lying on the table.
The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived.
This sort of people seems not to be able to live in the changed world.
He only collects used
7、 stamps.
This phrase is often used in spoken English.
A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up.
The risen sun is the sun that has risen high.
That was a man-made satellite.
He sent they his newly-inve
8、nted devices.
4.2 后置定語由分詞短語充當(dāng)
She was reading a novel written by Dickens.
He works and lives in a school surrounded by green trees.
The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter.
The radio boug
9、ht in your shop doesn't work well.
The Braille is a language used for the blind.
偶爾也有單個(gè)分詞作后置定語的情況。如：
Things seen are mightier than things heard.
有時(shí)單個(gè)分詞作前置定語與作后置定語的意義不同。如：
The car used was a stolen one. (The car which was used at the t
10、ime…)
The used car was still in the garage.( The old car which didn't work well… )
5．賓補(bǔ)
5.1 在感覺 / 知?jiǎng)釉~后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。
We found him greatly changed.
Everyone thought the battle lost except the genera
11、l.
He felt himself carried onto a carriage .
I have never heard a single French word spoken before.
The worst part was watching her wheeled away to an operating theatre while we waited and stared at the walls. (Collins GP1:Verbs, P.308)
5.2 在使役動(dòng)詞后： make, have,
12、get, keep, leave等。
He tried to make yourself understood in his broken English.
I had my bad tooth pulled out yesterday.
Last month the family got a new house built.
It's very important for you to keep your parents informed of your situation.
13、 He left the food untouched and went out.
5.3在意愿動(dòng)詞后： like, need, want, order, wish等。
He won't like the problem discussed at the meeting.
They were arrested by immigration officials on Monday just hours after a High Court judge had ordered them freed from detention. (Colli
14、ns GP1:Verbs, P.306)
She came into the shop with a package saying: "I don't need it changed, only re-wrapped."
The king ordered the magic cloth woven at once.
I want the case investigated further to make every detail clear.
6．狀語
6.1 方式和伴隨情況 ( of manner or acco
15、mpaniment )
He walked around outside, disturbed by the news.
The teacher went out, followed by some pupils.
The old man sat on the chair, lost in thought.
Three large men rushed out of the house, armed with guns and knives.
Suppo
16、rted by a girl, the old lady got off the bus.
表示方式的as if 和as though 可與過去分詞連用。如：
He walked back as if hurt in the leg.
6.2 條件 (of condition)
Heated to a high temperature, water changes into vapor.
Given more time, we could do it better.
Crit
17、icized by someone else, she could not have got so angry.
Painted white, the house will appear nicer.
表示條件的過去分詞可與連詞if 和unless 連用。
I will not go to Tom's party unless invited.
I'll tell everything to the police if questioned about that.
6.3原因和理由
18、(of reason or cause)
Done in a hurry, Tom's exercise was full of mistakes.
Made of glass, the test tubes are easy to break.
Wounded badly, he was sent to hospital.
Tired with the trip, they went to bed early.
Shocked by
19、the sudden attack of the German army, the Poland Government was at a loss what to do.
表示原因的分詞沒有相應(yīng)的連詞可用。但有人認(rèn)為since 有時(shí)可以接V-ed分詞。
6.4 時(shí)間 (of time)
Dismissed by the boss of the hotel, John never got a job.
Questioned by the police, the man was very much afr
20、aid.
Carried towards the hospital the victim died from bleeding too much.
表示時(shí)間的分詞可以與when, while, once, whenever，until 等連詞連用，以使意義更為明確。
When asked by the teacher, he stood up and made no answer.
I'll never speak to Jack until spoken to firs
21、t.
Once recognized, we can not avoid being caught.
Whenever needed, I will come to your help.
The necklace must be returned to you whenever found.
6.5 讓步（of concession）
Badly wounded in the leg, the soldier
22、refused to withdraw.
Protected by 3 fences, Robinson Crusoe still felt unsafe.
表示讓步的分詞可與though, although 和even if / though 連用。如：
Though surrounded for 5 days, our soldiers were not discouraged.
Even if not invited, he went along to the even
23、ing party.
6.6 地點(diǎn) （of place）
過去分詞只有與where或wherever連用，才可以表示地點(diǎn)。
Rats should be killed wherever found.
Young students should go and work where needed.
III. 過去分詞在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用
Our house painted white, we like it better.
All things considered, they set to work.
The key to the house left in the office, he had to fetch it.
The conference finished, Mr. Brown hurried home directly
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2012屆高考英語 語法專題復(fù)習(xí)經(jīng)典講義過去分詞歸納
