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1、第2課時(Section A Grammar Focus4c)單 詞instead點撥instead 做副詞,意為“相反,代替”,修飾整個句子做狀語。如:Jack is ill.So I go instead.杰克生病了,因此換我去。He never works,instead he plays all day and all night.他從不工作,而是整日整夜地玩。鏈接instead of 是介詞短語,意為“代替,而不是”,后面常跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:She goes shopping instead of staying at home.她沒有待在家而是去購物了。I can go t
2、o the meeting instead of my sick sister.我可以代替我生病的妹妹去開會。語 法1感嘆句點撥感嘆句一般是用來表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語感嘆句常用 what 和 how 引導,what 和 how 與所修飾的詞置于句首,其他部分用陳述句語序。(1)由 what 引導的感嘆句what 意為“多么”,用作定語,修飾名詞(被強調(diào)部分),單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞 a/an,復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:What(a/an)adj.n.主語謂語!如:What a clever girl she is!多么聰明的姑娘呀!What an
3、 interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀!What good children they are!他們是多么好的孩子呀!What delicious food it is!多么美味的食物呀!(2)由 how 引導的感嘆句how 意為“多么”,用作狀語,修飾形容詞或副詞(被強調(diào)部分)。如果修飾形容詞,則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞;如果 how修飾副詞,則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞,這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:Howadj./adv.主語謂語!如:How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀!How nice the pictures are!多么漂亮的圖畫呀!How we
4、ll she sings!她唱得多好呀!How hard they are working now!他們干得多么起勁呀!2賓語從句點撥(1)賓語從句的定義賓語從句在復合句中起賓語的作用,可以做動詞的賓語,也可以做介詞的賓語。如:I heard that he would come here later on.我聽說以后他會來這里。(做動詞的賓語)He said nothing about who broke the window last night.關(guān)于昨晚誰打破的玻璃他什么也沒有說。(做介詞的賓語)(2)賓語從句中引導詞(連詞)的用法賓語從句的引導詞有 that(that ??墒÷?,wh
5、ether,if。如:He told me(that)he would go to the college the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒有人知道他是否能通過考試。that 引導的賓語從句當由陳述句充當賓語從句時,用 that 引導。.that 引導的賓語從句中,在非正式場合 that 可以省略???跟 that 從 句做賓語的動詞有:say,think,insist,wis
6、h,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。如:The boy believes that he will travel through space to otherplanets.男孩相信他將通過太空去另一個星球旅行。.在以下情況中 that 不能省略a當句中的動詞后接多于兩
7、個由 that 引導的賓語從句時,第一個 that 可省,但后面的 that 不可省。如:I believe(that)you have done your best and that things willget better.我相信你已經(jīng)盡了最大努力并且事情會變得更好。b當主句的謂語動詞與 that 賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。如:Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master waswearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.就在那時我第一次注意到我們的
8、師傅穿著好看的綠色外套并戴著黑色絲綢禮帽。c當 that 從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that 不可省。如:I cant tell him that his mother died.我不能告訴他,他的媽媽去世了。d當 it 做形式賓語時,that 不可省。如:She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.她明確表示,她和他無關(guān)。e當賓語從句前置時,that 不可省。如:That our team will win,I believe.我相信我們隊會贏。f 當 that 做 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wo
9、nder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等動詞的賓語時,that 不可省。whether,if 引導的賓語從句.當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時,用 if 或 whether 引導,意為“是否”。如:I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。.在有些情況下,whether 和 if 的用法有一定區(qū)別。awhether 引導的從句??梢耘c連詞 or 或 or not 直接連用,而 if 一般不能。如:Let me know whether you can come or not.讓我知道你是否會來。b當賓語從句提到句首時,只能用 whether 引導,而不能用 if。如:Whether it is true or not,I cant tell.我不能分辨它是否正確。cwhether 可以引導帶 to 的不定式,if 則不能。如:I dont know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是接受還是拒絕。dwhether 及其引導的成分可放于介詞之后,做介詞的賓語,但 if 不能。如:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心我是否傷害了她的感情。