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1、第2課時(shí)(Section A Grammar Focus4c)單 詞instead點(diǎn)撥instead 做副詞,意為“相反,代替”,修飾整個(gè)句子做狀語(yǔ)。如:Jack is ill.So I go instead.杰克生病了,因此換我去。He never works,instead he plays all day and all night.他從不工作,而是整日整夜地玩。鏈接instead of 是介詞短語(yǔ),意為“代替,而不是”,后面常跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:She goes shopping instead of staying at home.她沒(méi)有待在家而是去購(gòu)物了。I can go t
2、o the meeting instead of my sick sister.我可以代替我生病的妹妹去開會(huì)。語(yǔ) 法1感嘆句點(diǎn)撥感嘆句一般是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語(yǔ)感嘆句常用 what 和 how 引導(dǎo),what 和 how 與所修飾的詞置于句首,其他部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。(1)由 what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句what 意為“多么”,用作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分),單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞 a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:What(a/an)adj.n.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!如:What a clever girl she is!多么聰明的姑娘呀!What an
3、 interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀!What good children they are!他們是多么好的孩子呀!What delicious food it is!多么美味的食物呀!(2)由 how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句how 意為“多么”,用作狀語(yǔ),修飾形容詞或副詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)。如果修飾形容詞,則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞;如果 how修飾副詞,則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞,這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:Howadj./adv.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)!如:How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀!How nice the pictures are!多么漂亮的圖畫呀!How we
4、ll she sings!她唱得多好呀!How hard they are working now!他們干得多么起勁呀!2賓語(yǔ)從句點(diǎn)撥(1)賓語(yǔ)從句的定義賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)的作用,可以做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),也可以做介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:I heard that he would come here later on.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)以后他會(huì)來(lái)這里。(做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))He said nothing about who broke the window last night.關(guān)于昨晚誰(shuí)打破的玻璃他什么也沒(méi)有說(shuō)。(做介詞的賓語(yǔ))(2)賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞(連詞)的用法賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有 that(that ??墒÷?,wh
5、ether,if。如:He told me(that)he would go to the college the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒(méi)有人知道他是否能通過(guò)考試。that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用 that 引導(dǎo)。.that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,在非正式場(chǎng)合 that 可以省略???跟 that 從 句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:say,think,insist,wis
6、h,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。如:The boy believes that he will travel through space to otherplanets.男孩相信他將通過(guò)太空去另一個(gè)星球旅行。.在以下情況中 that 不能省略a當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩
7、個(gè)由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè) that 可省,但后面的 that 不可省。如:I believe(that)you have done your best and that things willget better.我相信你已經(jīng)盡了最大努力并且事情會(huì)變得更好。b當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與 that 賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí),that一般不可省。如:Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master waswearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.就在那時(shí)我第一次注意到我們的
8、師傅穿著好看的綠色外套并戴著黑色絲綢禮帽。c當(dāng) that 從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that 不可省。如:I cant tell him that his mother died.我不能告訴他,他的媽媽去世了。d當(dāng) it 做形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that 不可省。如:She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.她明確表示,她和他無(wú)關(guān)。e當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí),that 不可省。如:That our team will win,I believe.我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。f 當(dāng) that 做 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wo
9、nder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that 不可省。whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用 if 或 whether 引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。如:I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。.在有些情況下,whether 和 if 的用法有一定區(qū)別。awhether 引導(dǎo)的從句??梢耘c連詞 or 或 or not 直接連用,而 if 一般不能。如:Let me know whether you can come or not.讓我知道你是否會(huì)來(lái)。b當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí),只能用 whether 引導(dǎo),而不能用 if。如:Whether it is true or not,I cant tell.我不能分辨它是否正確。cwhether 可以引導(dǎo)帶 to 的不定式,if 則不能。如:I dont know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是接受還是拒絕。dwhether 及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后,做介詞的賓語(yǔ),但 if 不能。如:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心我是否傷害了她的感情。