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本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文)
外 文 翻 譯
原 文 標(biāo) 題
History of the development of the Steering System
譯 文 標(biāo) 題
轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展的歷史
作者所在系別
機(jī)電工程學(xué)院
作者所在專業(yè)
作者所在班級(jí)
作 者 姓 名
作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
指導(dǎo)教師職稱
完 成 時(shí) 間
教務(wù)處制
譯文標(biāo)題
轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展
原文標(biāo)題
History of the development of the Steering System
作 者
Abbott
譯 名
艾布特
國 籍
美國
原文出處
Car and Driver
摘要：車輛的基本系統(tǒng)中必須有轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng),駕駛員操縱方向盤來通過轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)來控制汽車的行駛方向,達(dá)到他的行駛目的。100多年來,汽車工業(yè)機(jī)械和電子技術(shù)在不斷發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。今天的汽車不是純機(jī)械意義上的汽車,它是機(jī)械、電子、材料和其他綜合產(chǎn)品。轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化。
關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 汽車 駕駛 發(fā)展
轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展
轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)在車輛系統(tǒng)的基本系統(tǒng)是必要的,司機(jī)通過方向盤來操縱和控制汽車的方向旅行,以實(shí)現(xiàn)他的駕駛意圖。
100多年來，汽車工業(yè)機(jī)械和電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。今天,汽車不是純機(jī)械意義上的汽車,它是機(jī)械、電子、材料和其他綜合產(chǎn)品。轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化。
傳統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng),汽車方向盤,通過引導(dǎo)控制等一系列的機(jī)械零件方向盤實(shí)現(xiàn)偏轉(zhuǎn),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向。
在1950年代,液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)在汽車應(yīng)用,標(biāo)志著轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的開始。源以前的人類和液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向的助推器。
HPS液壓助力器(液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向)是基于機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)增加了。液壓系統(tǒng)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),當(dāng)將軍的一部分引擎啟動(dòng)時(shí),提供汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率,另一部分動(dòng)能的液壓系統(tǒng)。由于其可靠工作,成熟的技術(shù)仍然得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的主要特點(diǎn)是流體壓力,減少司機(jī)方向盤的支持,改善了操舵燈和汽車操作穩(wěn)定性。
但與此同時(shí),也有一些液壓系統(tǒng)缺陷:完成針對(duì)汽車設(shè)計(jì)和制造的汽車轉(zhuǎn)向，若不能改變的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征后。直接后果是,在低功率動(dòng)態(tài)特征時(shí),汽車在低段可以很好,但在高速段感的好方法,因?yàn)椴荒苷{(diào)整動(dòng)力特征,沒有更好的方式驅(qū)動(dòng),高功率的動(dòng)態(tài)特征時(shí),以低段參數(shù)效果不是很好,如果沒有,目標(biāo)車輛液壓系統(tǒng)也必須在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。因此,能源消耗,增加燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),現(xiàn)有的液壓油泄漏問題應(yīng)該不僅污染環(huán)境,而且容易影響其他組件。針對(duì)低溫,液壓系統(tǒng)性能很差。
近年來,隨著電子技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用,轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)也越來越多的使用電子設(shè)備。因此,變成使用電子控制系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的電動(dòng)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。電動(dòng)液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)可以分為兩類:電動(dòng)液壓操舵系統(tǒng)(電液壓動(dòng)力(EHPS)和電動(dòng)液壓轉(zhuǎn)向電子控制轉(zhuǎn)向(液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向)。電動(dòng)液壓操舵系統(tǒng)在液壓動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)的液壓增壓系統(tǒng),不同的是,電動(dòng)液壓系統(tǒng)液壓系統(tǒng)的電源,但不是由汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓系統(tǒng),節(jié)約能源,降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油耗。電動(dòng)液壓操舵裝置是在傳統(tǒng)的液壓助力系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā),所不同的是,電動(dòng)液壓操舵系統(tǒng),電子控制設(shè)備增加。電子控制單元可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)向速度,速度的汽車液壓系統(tǒng)的操作參數(shù),改變液壓增壓速度不同的大小,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)變化,動(dòng)態(tài)特征。但根據(jù)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓系統(tǒng),反過來,電機(jī)停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),從而減少能源消耗。
雖然電動(dòng)液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向液壓操舵系統(tǒng)克服了缺點(diǎn)。但由于液壓系統(tǒng)的存在,它的存在液壓油泄漏問題,和電動(dòng)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng),介紹了電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)更復(fù)雜,成本和可靠性。
為了區(qū)別電動(dòng)液壓轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向(EPS)?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該知道各種各樣的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng),最大的區(qū)別在于電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)沒有液壓系統(tǒng)。最初由液壓操舵系統(tǒng)的電動(dòng)機(jī)。電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)一般由扭矩傳感器和微處理器、電機(jī)、等的基本原理是:當(dāng)司機(jī)將方向盤驅(qū)動(dòng)軸旋轉(zhuǎn),安裝在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸的扭矩傳感器和扭矩信號(hào)到電信號(hào)微處理器,微處理器基于其他車輛運(yùn)行速度和扭矩信號(hào)的參數(shù),根據(jù)治療的程序集電力汽車助推器方向和大小的助推器。自1988年以來,第一次在日本鈴木Cervo汽車裝備轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)被廣泛承認(rèn)的人。
轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面:動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)可以提供不同在不同速度下的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。低,方向盤,增加更多的光,在高速轉(zhuǎn)向減少,甚至為了提高道路增加潮濕。動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)只有在駕駛汽車去工作,提供動(dòng)力,以減少能源消耗。
電動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí),由電池驅(qū)動(dòng)的電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)不能在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作條件下的工作。電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)不應(yīng)該液壓系統(tǒng),而液壓增壓系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)裝配。和電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)可以改變助推器微處理器算法的程序,簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征的變化?？茖W(xué)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展正在改變,傳統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)向控制(車輪轉(zhuǎn)向),并將傳播機(jī)制。但思想的火花總是可以帶來驚喜!電子轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)南偏西方向(線)改變了傳統(tǒng)的三個(gè)最與微控制器的概念,取而代之的是轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、三個(gè)最分成兩部分。電子轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。它主要由轉(zhuǎn)向控制模塊、執(zhí)行模塊和微控制器三個(gè)模塊。轉(zhuǎn)向控制模塊的主要功能是扭矩傳感器的檢測(cè)司機(jī)的意圖,和檢測(cè)信號(hào)(包括旋轉(zhuǎn)方向和轉(zhuǎn)速等)乘公共汽車,微控制器,基于信號(hào)和微控制器,和速度反饋控制模塊是一個(gè)方向盤,讓司機(jī),能感覺到。但就是這樣,是開發(fā)虛擬根據(jù)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的集成,形成了“體驗(yàn)”,通過固化過程的微控制器。如此速度,轉(zhuǎn)向力矩的大小和一些對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
轉(zhuǎn)向角傳感器和致動(dòng)器包括轉(zhuǎn)向汽車,轉(zhuǎn)向電機(jī)控制器等。這是微控制器根據(jù)控制命令的函數(shù),執(zhí)行驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)角度,完整的行動(dòng)。同樣大小的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度傳感器監(jiān)測(cè)和反饋微控制器,形成一個(gè)完整的準(zhǔn)確的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),轉(zhuǎn)向運(yùn)動(dòng)。
微控制器是電子轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的核心。它是接收信號(hào)檢測(cè)、處理發(fā)送相應(yīng)的控制信號(hào)。由于微控制器取代了轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),因此系統(tǒng)的組件之間的機(jī)械連接,減少響應(yīng)速度和響應(yīng)的準(zhǔn)確性。并且把戰(zhàn)略、傳輸控制軟件編程設(shè)置,和其他設(shè)備,如ABS,自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航設(shè)備。傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制減少帶來的更大的汽車室內(nèi)空間,給更多的樂趣。并將行為可以被記錄下來,保存在軟件可以幫助eepm經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步完善轉(zhuǎn)向控制策略,甚至可以為交通事故提供證據(jù)。
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History of the development of the Steering System
Steering system is necessary in vehicle system is the basic system, driver through the steering wheel to manipulate and control car's direction of travel, so as to realize the intention of his driving.
For more than 100 years, automobile industry with mechanical and electronic technology development and progress. Today, the car is not purely mechanical sense of a car, it is the mechanical, electronic, materials and other comprehensive product. Steering system with the development of the car industry after the long evolution.
The traditional steering system is mechanical steering system, automotive steering wheel, by pilot control through such a series of mechanical parts steering wheel to realize the deflection, so as to realize the steering.
As in the 1950s, hydraulic power steering system in automotive applications, marked the beginning of steering system. Sources of power steering by previous human to human and hydraulic booster.
Hydraulic booster HPS (Hydraulic Power Steering) is in the Steering system based on the mechanical and Hydraulic system increased a. The hydraulic system and the engine, when the general part of the engine starts, provide automobile engine power forward, another part of the kinetic energy of hydraulic system for power. Due to its reliable work, mature technology still has been widely used. The steering system of the main characteristic is the fluid pressure, reduce drivers support in the steering wheel, improved the steering light and auto operation stability. But at the same time, there are also some hydraulic power system flaw:
Aiming at vehicle design and manufacture, after the completion of the vehicle steering
dynamical characteristics cannot change. The direct consequence is that when the dynamical characteristics in low power, car in low segment can get very good, but in high-speed period has good way to sense, because cannot adjust dynamical characteristics, no better way drivers, When the dynamical characteristics in high power, not very good at low segment tprompt effect, If not, aiming to vehicle hydraulic system must also be in the engine driving. As a result, the energy consumption, increase fuel engine,
Existing hydraulic oil leakage problems should not only to environmental pollution, and easy to other components,
Aiming at low temperatures, hydraulic system performance is poor.
In recent years, with the electronic technology in the wide application, steering system also more and more used electronic devices. Turn into the electronic control system, therefore, the corresponding appeared electrohydraulic power steering system. Electrohydraulic Power Steering can be divided into two categories: electric Hydraulic Steering system (Electro Hydraulic Power - the EHPS) and electric Hydraulic Steering Electronically Controlled ECHPS Steering (Hydraulic Power Steering). Electric hydraulic steering system is in hydraulic power system on the basis of the development of hydraulic booster systems, and different is, electric hydraulic power system of power sources in the hydraulic system, but not by motor engine motor drive hydraulic system, save energy and reduce the engine fuel consumption. Electric hydraulic steering is in traditional hydraulic booster systems on the basis of the development, the difference is that the electric hydraulic steering system, electronic control devices increased. The electronic control unit can according to the steering rate, speed auto operation parameters of hydraulic system, change the size of the hydraulic booster at different speeds, so as to realize the change, dynamical characteristics. But under the motor drive hydraulic system, in turn, motor can stop turning, thereby reducing energy consumption.
Although electrohydraulic power steering system of hydraulic steering overcomes the drawbacks. But due to the existence of hydraulic system, it exists the hydraulic oil leakage problem, and electrohydraulic power steering system, introduced motor drive system is more complex, costs and reliability.
In order to avoid Electric hydraulic Steering system, Electric Power Steering system of Electric Power Steering (EPS) should now. It with all sorts of steering system, the biggest difference lies in the electric power steering system has no hydraulic system. Originally produced by hydraulic steering system by motor. Electric power steering system of general by the torque sensor and microprocessor, motor, etc. The basic principle is: when the driver turned the steering wheel drive shaft rotation, to install in the rotation axes of the torque sensor and torque signal into electrical signals to microprocessors, microprocessor based on speed and torque signal other vehicles running parameters, according to the set procedures in the treatment of that power motors booster direction and the size of the booster. Since 1988, the first in Japan suzuki Cervo car to equip the steering system, power steering system is widely recognized by the people.
Steering system is mainly embodied in the following aspects:
A power steering system can provide different at different speeds under the dynamical characteristics. In the low road, steering, to increase more light, At high speed reduced steering, even in order to improve the road are increased to damp.
A power steering system only in steering motors to work, to provide power, so as to reduce energy consumption.
A motor, so by battery-powered electric power steering system can not work in engine under the condition of the work.
Electric power steering system should not hydraulic system, compared with hydraulic booster systems and automated assembly. And electric power steering system can change the booster program microprocessor algorithm, easy dynamical characteristics of the change. The development of science and technology is changing, the traditional steering system of steering control (wheel steering), and turn of transmission mechanism. But the thought of the spark can always bring surprise! Electronic Steering system SBW Steering (to the Wire) was changed to the traditional concept of three most with micro-controller, it was replaced By the Steering transmission mechanism, the three most into two parts. Electronic steering system is the most advanced and automotive steering system of technology. It mainly consists of steering control module, to execute module and micro controller three modules.
Steering control module's main function is to torque sensor detection by the driver intention, and to detect signal (including rotation direction and rotational speed, etc) by bus to micro controller, and micro controller based on the signal, and speed feedback control module is a steering wheel to make drivers, can feel road. But this is the way, is the development of virtual according to test data of integrated, formed "experience", and by way of curing process in the form of micro controller. So it is with speed, turning to the size of the torque rate and some corresponding relation.
Steering Angle sensor and actuator including steering motors, steering motor controller etc. It is the function of micro controller based on the control command, drive motor rotation Angle to execute, complete to action. Also the size of the rotation Angle sensor monitoring and feedback to micro controller, forming a complete accurate closed-loop control system, steering movement.
Micro controller is the core of electronic steering system. It is receiving signal detection, processed send corresponding control signal.
Due to the micro controller replaced steering transmission mechanism, thus mechanical connection between components of the system, reduce the response speed and the accuracy of the response. And to turn strategy, transmission control software programming any Settings, And other equipment, such as ABS, automatic navigation equipment. Transmission mechanism of reducing brings a bigger car interior space, give rides more fun. And turning behavior can be recorded, save in software that can help EEPROM after further perfecting the steering control strategy, even can provide.
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