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1、Text A Ancient Education in China Text B Innovation of Education in Ming and in education and government, he expanded the examination system and tried to suppress nepotism. Though successful for a while, he eventually fell out of favor of the emperor.,2020/9/30,4. Manchu ethnic group(滿族): The Manchu
2、 people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria (northeastern China). For centuries, the Manchu ethnicity has acculturated with the majority Han ethnicity of China. Most Manchu today speak Standard Chinese, while the Manchu language is only spoken by elderly people in remo
3、te northeastern China and a few scholars; there are around ten thousand speakers of Xibe, a closely related language spoken in the Ili region of Xinjiang. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in Manchu culture among both ethnic Manchus and Han. The number of Chinese toda
4、y with some Manchu ancestry is quite largewith 10.68 million members (in China), Manchu is the 3rd largest ethnic group in China after the Han and the Zhuang.,2020/9/30,導(dǎo)讀： 就業(yè)是民生之本，是人民改善生活的基本前提和基本途徑。中國(guó)有近億人口，是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。在中國(guó)，解決就業(yè)問(wèn)題任務(wù)繁重、艱巨、緊迫。中國(guó)政府從億萬(wàn)人民的根本利益出發(fā)，高度重視就業(yè)問(wèn)題。中國(guó)政府依據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)憲法，以及中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法等法律法規(guī)，
5、保障勞動(dòng)者的就業(yè)權(quán)利，采取各種政策措施積極促進(jìn)就業(yè)，不斷滿足勞動(dòng)者的就業(yè)需求。中國(guó)政府從國(guó)情出發(fā)，通過(guò)實(shí)踐探索并借鑒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，制定和實(shí)施了一系列積極的就業(yè)政策。目前，中國(guó)已建立起市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制，計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期形成的企業(yè)富余人員問(wèn)題基本得到解決，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中就業(yè)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)逐步優(yōu)化，就業(yè)渠道不斷拓寬，就業(yè)形式更加靈活，總體上保持了就業(yè)形勢(shì)的基本穩(wěn)定。,2020/9/30,Employment has a vital bearing on peoples livelihoods. It is the fundamental prerequisite and basic a
6、pproach for people to improve their lives. China is the most populous country in the world. To solve the employment issue in China is a strenuous, arduous and pressing task.,Chinese government recognizes the importance of the issue of employment. Based on the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of
7、China, the Labor Law of the Peoples Republic of China, and other laws and regulations, the Chinese government has protected the workers right to employment, and adopted various policies and measures to promote employment actively and steadily meet their needs for employment.,,The Chinese government
8、has explored and drawn on international experiences and adapted them for use in the domestic situation, formulating and implementing a number of proactive employment policies Currently, China has established a market-oriented employment mechanism; largely solved the problem of surplus enterprise per
9、sonnel arising over the years under the planned economy; and, in the course of economic development and economic restructuring, expanded the employment scope continuously. As a result, the employment structure has gradually been optimized; the avenues for employment have been steadily broadened; the
10、 forms of employment have become more flexible and the employment situation has been maintained basically stable.,2020/9/30,Text B Chinas Employment Situation,New forms of employment mushroomed, such as jobs in foreign-invested firms and economic entities of diverse forms, part-time jobs, temporary
11、jobs, seasonal jobs, work on an hourly basis and jobs with flexible working hours, and became important avenues for the expansion of employment.,,As far as the employment structure is concerned, from 1990 to 2003 the proportion of those employed in tertiary industry rose steadily; the proportion of
12、those employed in secondary industry remained at around 21.6 percent; and the proportion of those employed in primary industry dropped to 49.1 percent.,2020/9/30,Text B Chinas Employment Situation,In the field of labor and employment, China has carried out remarkably effective exchanges and cooperat
13、ion with the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and a number of other international organizations and many countries.,,China exercises a proactive employment policy, and has established the employment principle of wor
14、kers finding their own jobs, employment through market regulation and employment promoted by the government. The Chinese Government has persisted in promoting employment by way of developing the economy, adjusting the economic structure, deepening reform, coordinating urban and rural economic develo
15、pment, and improving the social security system. It has adopted various effective measures and done everything possible to increase job opportunities, expand the scope of employment, and keep the unemployment rate within a socially tolerable range.,2020/9/30,Text B Chinas Employment Situation,1. the
16、 Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China (中華人民共和國(guó)憲法): The Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China is the highest law within the Peoples Republic of China. The current version was adopted by the 5th National Peoples Congress on December 4, 1982 with further revisions in 1988, 1993, 1999,
17、and 2004. Three previous state constitutionsthose of 1954, 1975, and 1978were superseded in turn. The Constitution has five sections which are the preamble, general principles, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, structure of the state (which includes such state organs as the National Peoples
18、 Congress, the State Council, the Local Peoples Congress and Local Peoples Governments and the Peoples Courts and the Peoples Procuratorates), the national flag and the emblems of the state.,2020/9/30,2. World Bank (世界銀行): The World Banks official goal is the reduction of poverty. According to the W
19、orld Banks Articles of Agreement (As amended effective 16 February 1989) all of its decisions must be guided by a commitment to promote foreign investment, international trade and facilitate capital investment. The World Bank differs from the World Bank Group, in that the World Bank comprises only t
20、wo institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA), whereas the latter incorporates these two in addition to three more: International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).,2020/9/30,,Thank You!,
中國(guó)歷史文化概況（英文版）Unit6EducationandEmployment
