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摘 要 現(xiàn)實(shí)當(dāng)中我們看到的登船梯給我們的感覺是很笨重，不方便，如果用于游船是可行 的，但是如果用于航母或軍艦的話，那肯定不能符合使用要求了（一旦碼頭情況不允許 那就會(huì)帶來麻煩），所以必須研制出一種既輕巧方便又安全能適應(yīng)軍用的登船梯系統(tǒng)， 這就是我的課題所要做達(dá)到的要求。 我所設(shè)計(jì)的跳板裝置不僅設(shè)計(jì)了一些機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，還在原有的基礎(chǔ)上采用了液壓傳動(dòng)。 采用液壓傳動(dòng)的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：易于實(shí)現(xiàn)頻繁的起動(dòng)、換向和變速，且對(duì)船舶電站的影響 較小；慣性小、位置控制精度較高；輸出的力和轉(zhuǎn)矩可以很大，但線速度和轉(zhuǎn)速可以很 低，體積和重量卻很小；調(diào)速范圍廣。因此，液壓傳動(dòng)現(xiàn)已廣泛應(yīng)用在各類船舶上。本 課題是我國(guó)首艘航母上液壓登船梯的設(shè)計(jì)。跳板（登船梯）主要用于軍艦與碼頭之間人 員及限重物資通過或遷移。本登船梯系統(tǒng)即可電動(dòng)也可手動(dòng)，手動(dòng)是通過手搖泵來實(shí)現(xiàn) 的，手搖泵的運(yùn)用是為了防止斷電情況下登船梯不能使用而設(shè)計(jì)的。 關(guān)鍵詞：登船梯；液壓傳動(dòng)；手搖泵 Abstract Reality we have seen boarding ladder gives us the feeling is very heavy, inconvenient for cruise ships is feasible, but if for aircraft carriers or warships, it certainly does not meet the requirements (once the pier is notit will cause trouble), it is necessary to develop a lightweight and convenient and safe to be able to adapt to a military boarding ladder system, this is my topic have to do to achieve the requirements. I designed a springboard device not only designed a number of mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission still in the original basis. With hydraulic drive of the outstanding advantages: easy to implement frequent starting, commutation and variable speed, and less impact on the ships power plant; inertia, high precision position control; force and torque of the output can be large, but the line speed and the speed can be very low, very small size and weight; wide speed range. Therefore, the hydraulic drive is now widely used in all types of vessels. The issue is Chinas first aircraft carrier, the hydraulic design of the boarding ladder. Springboard (boarding ladder) is mainly used for warships to the pier and weight limit supplies through or migrate. The boarding ladder system to the electric can also be manually manually by hand pump, the use of the hand pump is designed to prevent the boarding ladder in case of power failure can not be used. Keywords: boarding ladder; hydraulic transmission; hand pump 目 錄 摘 要 ....................................................................III ABSTRACT ...................................................................IV 目 錄 ......................................................................V 1 緒論 ......................................................................1 1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)登船梯的概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) .............................................1 1.2 課題的提出與意義 .......................................................2 1.3 本課題應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求 .....................................................4 2 總體方案的確定 .............................................................5 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ...............................................................5 2.2 確定機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案 ...................................................5 2.3 確定液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 ...................................................5 3 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及其校核 .......................................................6 3.1 概述 ..................................................................6 3.2 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ...............................................................6 3.3 設(shè)計(jì)范圍及其設(shè)計(jì)方案 ...................................................6 3.3.1 基架設(shè)計(jì)及校核 .....................................................6 3.3.2 回轉(zhuǎn)支架的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................8 3.3.3 登船梯的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................9 3.3.4 油缸的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................10 3.3.5 確定執(zhí)行元件的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................10 3.3.6 主回轉(zhuǎn)液壓馬達(dá)的選擇計(jì)算 ..........................................20 4 液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及其校核 ....................................................21 4.1 液壓系統(tǒng)的組成 ........................................................21 4.2 液壓系統(tǒng)的主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) ..................................................21 4.2.1 液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ....................................................21 4.2.2 液壓傳動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn) ....................................................21 4.3 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................22 4.3.1 概述及液壓系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) ............................................22 4.3.2 液壓能源裝置設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................24 4.3.3 液壓閥的選擇 ......................................................24 4.3.4 液壓輔助元件的設(shè)計(jì)與選擇 ..........................................25 4.3.5 液壓控制說明 .....................................................30 5 CATIA 有限元分析方法 .....................................................31 5.1 有限元分析方法簡(jiǎn)介 ...................................................31 5.2 進(jìn)行有限元分析的目地和意義 ............................................31 5.3 活塞桿的受力變形情況進(jìn)行分析 ..........................................32 5.3.1 分析步驟 ..........................................................32 6 結(jié)論與展望 ...............................................................34 6.1 結(jié)論 ..................................................................34 6.2 展望 ..................................................................34 致 謝 .....................................................................35 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................36