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I 摘 要 此次設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)是對(duì)做支座零件的工藝及工裝設(shè)計(jì)，在生產(chǎn)過程中，使生產(chǎn)對(duì)象（原 材料，毛坯，零件或總成等）的質(zhì)和量的狀態(tài)發(fā)生直接變化的過程叫工藝過程，如毛坯 制造，機(jī)械加工，熱處理，裝配等都稱之為工藝過程。在制定工藝過程中，要確定各工 序的安裝工位和該工序需要的工步，加工該工序的機(jī)車及機(jī)床的進(jìn)給量，切削深度，主 軸轉(zhuǎn)速和切削速度，該工序的夾具，刀具及量具，還有走刀次數(shù)和走刀長(zhǎng)度，最后計(jì)算 該工序的基本時(shí)間，輔助時(shí)間和工作的服務(wù)時(shí)間。選擇其關(guān)鍵工序之一進(jìn)行專用夾具及 加工用組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)，并完成必要的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。定位采用一面一心軸的定位方式，采用 這種方式完全能夠滿足精度要求。而且簡(jiǎn)易方便，制造成本低，通用性好。由于支座體 的生產(chǎn)量比較大，為了保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，提高加工效率，需要對(duì)其加工工藝進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)， 并在關(guān)鍵工序使用組合機(jī)床或?qū)Ｓ脵C(jī)床進(jìn)行加工。 關(guān)鍵詞：工藝規(guī)程；定位誤差；夾緊；加工余量；夾緊力 II Abstract This design task is to do the support parts of the process and tooling design, Enable producing the target in process of production (raw materials, the blank, state of quality and quantity on part become always ) take place direck course of change ask craft course, it the blank is made, machining, heat treatment, assemble etc. and call it the craft course. In the course of making the craft , is it confirm every erector location and worker step that process need this of process to want, the locomotive of processing, this process, and entering the giving amount of the lathe, cut depth ,the rotational speed of the main shaft and speed of cutting , the jig of this process , the cutter and measuring tool , a one hundred sheets of number of time still leaves and a one hundred sheets of length leaves , calculate basic time of this process , auxiliary time and service time of place of working finally. chooses one of its critical processes to carry on the unit clamp and the processing with the aggregate machine-tool design, and completes the essential design calculation. The localization uses a spindles locate mode, to select this method definitely to be able to satisfy the accuracy requirement. Moreover simple convenient, the production cost is low, the versatility is good. Because the support bodys productivity is quite big, for the quality assurance, raises the processing efficiency, needs to carry on the optimization design to its processing craft, and carries on the processing in the critical process use aggregate machine-tool or the special purpose machine. Key words :Technical instruction; position error; clump; the surplus of processing; clamp strength III 目 錄 摘 要 .....................................................................III ABSTRACT.................................................................IV 目 錄 ......................................................................V 1 緒論 ......................................................................1 1.1 本課題的研 究?jī)?nèi)容和意義 .................................................1 1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展概況 .......................................................1 1.3 本課題應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求 .....................................................2 2 零件的三維造型 ............................................................3 3 車床左支座零件的分析及毛坯的確定 ..........................................6 3.1 車床左支座的作用和工藝分析 .............................................6 3.1.1 零件的作用 ..........................................................6 3.1.2 零件的工藝分析 ......................................................6 3.2 零件毛坯的確定 .........................................................7 3.2.1 毛坯材料的制造形式及熱處理 ..........................................7 3.2.2 毛坯結(jié)構(gòu)的確定 ......................................................7 4 左支座的加工工藝設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................9 4.1 基準(zhǔn)的選擇 .............................................................9 4.2 工藝設(shè)計(jì)過程中應(yīng)考慮的主要問題 .........................................10 4.2.1 加工方法選擇的原則 .................................................10 4.2.2 加工階段的劃分 .....................................................10 4.2.3 加工順序的安排 .....................................................10 4.2.4 工序的合理組合 .....................................................11 4.3 左支承座的工藝路線分析與制定 ..........................................12 4.3.1 工序順序的安排的原則 ...............................................12 4.3.2 工藝路線分析及制定 .................................................12 4.4 機(jī)械加工余量 ..........................................................14 4.4.1 影響加工余量的因素 .................................................14 4.4.2 機(jī)械加工余量、工序尺寸以及毛坯余量的確定 ...........................15 4.5 確定切削用量及基本工時(shí) ................................................17 4.5.1 工序一 粗銑 80H9 (+00.087)mm 孔大端端面 ............................17 4.5.2 工序二 粗鏜 80H9（ +00.087）mm 內(nèi)孔 ................................20 4.5.3 工序三 精銑 80H9（ +00.087）mm 大端端面 ............................20 4.5.4 工序四 精鏜 80H9（ +00.087）mm 內(nèi)孔 ................................22 4.5.5 工序五 鉆削 4-13mm 的通孔，锪沉頭螺栓孔 4-20mm.................22 IV 4.5.6 工序六 鉆削 21mm 的通孔，擴(kuò)、鉸孔 25H7(+00.021)mm，锪削 38mm 的沉頭 螺栓孔 ..................................................................24 4.5.7 工序七 锪削沉頭螺栓孔 43mm......................................26 4.5.8 工序八 鉆削 M8-7H 的螺紋底孔 ......................................26 4.5.9 工序九 銑削尺寸為 5mm 的縱槽 ......................................27 4.5.10 工序十 鉆削 M10-7H 的螺紋底孔 .....................................27 4.5.11 工序十一 銑削尺寸為 5mm 的橫槽 ....................................28 4.5.12 工序十二 攻螺紋 M8-7H 和 M10-7H ..................................28 5 專用夾具設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................30 5.1 鉆夾具設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................30 5.1.1 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇 .....................................................30 5.1.2 切削力及夾緊力的計(jì)算 ...............................................31 5.1.3 誤差分析與計(jì)算 .....................................................31 5.1.4 夾具設(shè)計(jì)及操作的簡(jiǎn)要說明 ...........................................31 6 結(jié)論與展望 ................................................................34 6.1 結(jié)論 ..................................................................34 6.2 不足之處及未來展望 .....................................................34 致 謝 .....................................................................35 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................36