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1、1.英語動(dòng)詞加-ing,通常是在原形詞尾直接加-ing構(gòu)成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting
2.以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
(1)如果動(dòng)詞原形以一輔音加一不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾,一般應(yīng)去掉e再加ing:
write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing
(2)以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)先將e去掉,將i變成y
2、然后再加-ing:
die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying
(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-ing時(shí)應(yīng)保留詞尾e:
see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing
(4)以-ue結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞大多應(yīng)先去e再加-ing:
sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,
rue—ruing
有時(shí),詞尾e可去掉也可保留:
glue—g
3、luing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,
true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing
3.以一元音加一輔音結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
(1)如果動(dòng)詞最后一音節(jié)為重讀閉音節(jié),最后一個(gè)字母需要重復(fù):
run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但輔音x是個(gè)例外,無需重復(fù)(x其實(shí)起著兩個(gè)輔音的作用):
tax—taxing,relax—relaxing
(2)
4、如果動(dòng)詞最后一個(gè)音節(jié)為次重讀音節(jié),最后一個(gè)字母有時(shí)也重復(fù):
kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing
(3)如果動(dòng)詞最后一個(gè)音節(jié)為非重讀音節(jié),最后一個(gè)字母大多無需重復(fù):
open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些動(dòng)詞中,重復(fù)或不重復(fù)均可:
worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelli
5、ng
以非重讀的-el結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-ing時(shí),英國英語習(xí)慣于重復(fù)詞尾l,而美國英語則習(xí)慣于不重復(fù)1。
4.若動(dòng)詞以一元音加一半元音(y或w)結(jié)尾,可直接加-ing:
pay—paying, throw—throwing,follow—following, draw—drawing, employ—employing
5.以-ic結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:
frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking
這主要是為在動(dòng)詞后加-ing之后保留/k/這個(gè)音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的發(fā)音就不再是/k/,而是/s/: