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編號(hào)
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 飼料上料機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923054
學(xué)生姓名： 呂 娟
指導(dǎo)教師： 俞經(jīng)虎 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 飼料上料機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923054
學(xué)生姓名： 呂 娟
指導(dǎo)教師： 俞經(jīng)虎（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月14日
課題來源
目前寵物飼料以顆粒狀和長條狀居多，其中長條形寵物飼料的加工多以手工為主。如制造、計(jì)數(shù)、包裝成袋等。生產(chǎn)效率極其底下，很難完成客戶的供貨需求，同時(shí)，工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度也很大。而對(duì)于寵物飼料，進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化的關(guān)鍵難題是難以對(duì)飼料進(jìn)行有序排列，從而利用光電技術(shù)和包裝技術(shù)完成自動(dòng)化計(jì)數(shù)包裝。因?yàn)閷?duì)于寵物飼料，如長條型寵物飼料尺寸形狀不規(guī)則，直徑和長度尺寸變化大，這些都給自動(dòng)化上料設(shè)備的研制帶來很大的困難。本課題就是設(shè)計(jì)針對(duì)不規(guī)則長條形寵物飼料設(shè)計(jì)上料排序裝置，完成寵物飼料排序、計(jì)數(shù)和自動(dòng)化包裝，提高企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率，降低工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
當(dāng)會(huì)發(fā)展迅速,人們生活水平不斷提高,飼養(yǎng)寵物越來越成為家庭的一種習(xí)慣,因此寵物飼料的發(fā)展得到較大的發(fā)展.伴隨著下游行業(yè)對(duì)飼料機(jī)需求量的不斷增加，市場對(duì)于飼料機(jī)的品種、質(zhì)量和功能的要求也越來越高。上料機(jī)是生產(chǎn)流水線里必備的產(chǎn)品，分為單體式全自動(dòng)真空上料機(jī)與分體式大功率全自動(dòng)真空上料機(jī)，主要用于生產(chǎn)加工企業(yè)。大多數(shù)上料機(jī)依靠振動(dòng)原理，但發(fā)展還不如發(fā)達(dá)國家，重要技術(shù)上還存在不足前社。
（2）飼料上料機(jī)的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
由于我國寵物飼料開發(fā)尚處于萌芽階段,寵物飼料具有廣闊的市場空間，這當(dāng)中誰掌握了先進(jìn)的寵物飼料上料設(shè)備技術(shù)，早一步實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化上料包裝一體化，則掌握了占據(jù)市場的鑰匙。目前我國的寵物飼料的加工生產(chǎn),包裝等都還很低端化,企業(yè)都是勞動(dòng)密集型的加工企業(yè),依靠勞動(dòng)力去發(fā)展的企業(yè)效率低下,企業(yè)利潤空間有限,因此寵物飼料的自動(dòng)化加工生產(chǎn)勢在必行。
研究內(nèi)容
①通過參照現(xiàn)有上料設(shè)備的模型，設(shè)計(jì)出符合要求的上料設(shè)備；
②通過參考網(wǎng)上的資料進(jìn)行總體方案設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)備系統(tǒng)分析；
③對(duì)上料架進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)并進(jìn)行校核，以確保工作的安全性；
④通過對(duì)上料設(shè)備的工作要求的研究，確定主要零部件的尺寸及參數(shù)；
⑤利用UG進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)三維造型并進(jìn)行簡單的運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真；
⑥由UG三維實(shí)體轉(zhuǎn)出CAD二維圖,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行修改、完善,編寫說明書。
擬采取的研究方法
本設(shè)備區(qū)別于其他上料設(shè)備的不同之處在于多層式上料機(jī)構(gòu),當(dāng)前的國內(nèi)的一些如香煙,玩具的上料設(shè)備多為一層式上料設(shè)備,且大多數(shù)利用振動(dòng)原理。多層式上料設(shè)備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在克服了劇烈震動(dòng),保護(hù)了產(chǎn)品,本設(shè)備主要由動(dòng)力系統(tǒng),傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),上料系統(tǒng)和輸送系統(tǒng)組成,與傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化機(jī)械一脈相承.
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年10月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。
2013年1月11日-2013年2月2日：填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年2月4日-2013年2月12日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。
2013年2月15日-2013年2月24日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年2月27日-2013年3月23日：飼料上料機(jī)整體設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年3月28日-2013年4月25日：圖紙繪制。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
達(dá)到預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)飼料上料，廣泛應(yīng)用于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
本設(shè)備區(qū)別于其他上料設(shè)備的不同之處在于多層式上料機(jī)構(gòu),當(dāng)前的國內(nèi)的一些如香煙,玩具的上料設(shè)備多為一層式上料設(shè)備,且大多數(shù)利用振動(dòng)原理。多層式上料設(shè)備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在克服了劇烈震動(dòng),保護(hù)了產(chǎn)品,本設(shè)備主要由動(dòng)力系統(tǒng),傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),上料系統(tǒng)和輸送系統(tǒng)組成,與傳統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化機(jī)械一脈相承。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
本設(shè)備需要克服的難點(diǎn)在于動(dòng)力的輸送上,在保證效率的同時(shí),保護(hù)好設(shè)備是關(guān)鍵,上料機(jī)構(gòu)的快速運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)設(shè)備本身是一種最大的損傷,運(yùn)動(dòng)的沖擊損傷較大,此外輸送裝置的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的計(jì)數(shù),包裝影響也很大,需要考慮各方面的因
指導(dǎo)教師意見
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High-speed milling
High-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die processing has become possible. To shorten the processing cycle, processing and reliable quality assurance, lower processing costs.
1 One of the advantages of high-speed machining
High-speed machining as a die-efficient manufacturing, high-quality, low power consumption in an advanced manufacturing technology. In conventional machining in a series of problems has plagued by high-speed machining of the application have been resolved.
1.1 Increase productivity
High-speed cutting of the spindle speed, feed rate compared withtraditional machining, in the nature of the leap, the metal removal rate increased 30 percent to 40 percent, cutting force reduced by 30 percent, the cutting tool life increased by 70% . Hardened parts can be processed, a fixture in many parts to be completed rough, semi-finishing and fine, and all other processes, the complex can reach parts of the surface quality requirements, thus increasing the processing productivity and competitiveness of products in the market.
1.2 Improve processing accuracy and surface quality
High-speed machines generally have high rigidity and precision, and other characteristics, processing, cutting the depth of small, fast and feed, cutting force low, the workpiece to reduce heat distortion, and high precision machining, surface roughness small. Milling will be no high-speed processing and milling marks the surface so that the parts greatly enhance the quality of the surface. Processing Aluminum when up Ra0.40.6um, pieces of steel processing at up to Ra0.2 ~ 0.4um.
1.3 Cutting reduce the heat
Because the main axis milling machine high-speed rotation, cutting a shallow cutting, and feed very quickly, and the blade length of the workpiece contacts and contact time is very short, a decrease of blades and parts of the heat conduction. High-speed cutting by dry milling or oil cooked up absolute (mist) lubrication system, to avoid the traditional processing tool in contact with the workpiece and a lot of shortcomings to ensure that the tool is not high temperature under the conditions of work, extended tool life.
1.4 This is conducive to processing thin-walled parts
High-speed cutting of small cutting force, a higher degree of stability, Machinable with high-quality employees compared to the company may be very good, but other than the company's employees may Suanbu Le outstanding work performance. For our China practice, we use the models to determine the method of staff training needs are simple and effective. This study models can be an external object, it can also be a combination of internal and external. We must first clear strategy for the development of enterprises. Through the internal and external business environment and organizational resources, such as analysis, the future development of a clear business goals and operational priorities. According to the business development strategy can be compared to find the business models, through a comparative analysis of the finalization of business models. In determining business models, a, is the understanding of its development strategy, or its market share and market growth rate, or the staff of the situation, and so on, according to the companies to determine the actual situation. As enterprises in different period of development, its focus is different, which means that enterprises need to invest the manpower and financial resources the focus is different. So in a certain period of time, enterprises should accurately selected their business models compared with the departments and posts, so more practical significance, because the business models are not always good, but to compare some aspects did not have much practical significance, Furthermore This can more fully concentrate on the business use of limited resources. Identify business models, and then take the enterprise of the corresponding departments and staff with the business models for comparison, the two can be found in the performance gap, a comparative analysis to find reasons, in accordance with this business reality, the final identification of training needs. The cost of training is needed, if not through an effective way to determine whether companies need to train and the training of the way, but blind to training, such training is difficult to achieve the desired results. A comparison only difference between this model is simple and practical training.
1.5 Can be part of some alternative technology, such as EDM, grinding high intensity and high hardness processing
High-speed cutting a major feature of high-speed cutting machine has the hardness of HRC60 parts. With the use of coated carbide cutter mold processing, directly to the installation of a hardened tool steel processing forming, effectively avoid the installation of several parts of the fixture error and improve the parts of the geometric location accuracy. In the mold of traditional processing, heat treatment hardening of the workpiece required EDM, high-speed machining replace the traditional method of cutting the processing, manufacturing process possible to omit die in EDM, simplifying the processing technology and investment costs .
High-speed milling in the precincts of CNC machine tools, or for processing centre, also in the installation of high-speed spindle on the general machine tools. The latter not only has the processing capacity of general machine tools, but also for high-speed milling, a decrease of investment in equipment, machine tools increased flexibility. Cutting high-speed processing can improve the efficiency, quality improvement, streamline processes, investment and machine tool investment and maintenance costs rise, but comprehensive, can significantly increase economic efficiency.
2 High-speed milling
High-speed milling the main technical high-speed cutting technology is cutting the development direction of one of it with CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new materials and new technology, such as technology development to a higher level. High-speed machine tools and high-speed tool to achieve high-speed cutting is the prerequisite and basic conditions, in high-speed machining in the performance of high-speed machine tool material of choice and there are strict requirements.
2.1 High-speed milling machine in order to achieve high-speed machining
General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:
General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:
High-speed milling machine must have a high-speed spindle, the spindle speed is generally 10000 ~ 100000 m / min, power greater than 15 kW. But also with rapid speed or in designated spots fast-stopping performance. The main axial space not more than 0 .0 0 0 2 m m. Often using high-speed spindle-hydrostatic bearings, air pressure-bearing, mixed ceramic bearings, magnetic bearing structure of the form. Spindle cooling general use within the water or air cooled.
High-speed processing machine-driven system should be able to provide 40 ~ 60 m / min of the feed rate, with good acceleration characteristics, can provide 0.4 m/s2 to 10 m/s2 acceleration and deceleration. In order to obtain good processing quality, high-speed cutting machines must have a high enough stiffness. Machine bed material used gray iron, can also add a high-damping base of concrete, to prevent cutting tool chatter affect the quality of processing. A high-speed data transfer rate, can automatically increase slowdown. Processing technology to improve the processing and cutting tool life. At present high-speed machine tool manufacturers, usually in the general machine tools on low speed, the feed of the rough and then proceed to heat treatment, the last in the high-speed machine on the half-finished and finished, in improving the accuracy and efficiency at the same time, as far as possible to reduce processing Cost.
2.2 High-speed machining tool
High-speed machining tool is the most active one of the important factors, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of processing, manufacturing costs and product processing and accuracy. Tool in high-speed processing to bear high temperature, high pressure, friction, shock and vibration, such as loading, its hardness and wear-resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, technology and economic performance of the basic high-speed processing performance is the key One of the factors. High-speed cutting tool technology development speed, the more applications such as diamond (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic knives, carbide coating, (C) titanium nitride Carbide TIC (N) And so on. CBN has high hardness, abrasion resistance and the extremely good thermal conductivity, and iron group elements between the great inertia, in 1300 ℃ would not have happened significant role in the chemical, also has a good stability. The experiments show that with CBN cutting tool
HRC35 ~ 67 hardness of hardened steel can achieve very high speed. Ceramics have good wear resistance and thermal chemical stability, its hardness, toughness below the CBN, can be used for processing hardness of HRC <5 0 parts. Carbide Tool good wear resistance, but the hardness than the low-CBN and ceramics. Coating technology used knives, cutting tools can improve hardness and cutting the rate, for cutting HRC40 ~ 50 in hardness between the workpiece. Can be used to heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, hightemperature alloy, cast iron, Chungang, aluminum and composite materials of high-speed cutting Cut, the most widely used. Precision machining non-ferrous metals or non-metallic materials, or the choice of polycrystalline diamond Gang-coated tool.
2.3 High-speed processing technology
High-speed cutting technology for high-speed machining is the key. Cutting Methods misconduct, will increase wear tool to less than high-speed processing purposes. Only high-speed machine tool and not a good guide technology, high-speed machining equipment can not fully play its role. In high-speed machining, should be chosen with milling, when the milling cutter involvement with the workpiece chip thickness as the greatest, and then gradually decreased. High-speed machining suitable for shallow depth of cut, cutting depth of not more than 0.2 mm, to avoid the location of deviation tool to ensure that the geometric precision machining parts. Ensure that the workpiece on the cutting constant load, to get good processing quality. Cutting a single high-speed milling path-cutting mode, try not to interrupt the process and cutting tool path, reducing the involvement tool to cut the number to be relatively stable cutting process. Tool to reduce the rapid change to, in other words when the NC machine tools must cease immediately, or Jiangsu, and then implement the next step. As the machine tool acceleration restrictions, easy to cause a waste of time, and exigency stop or radical move would damage the surface accuracy. In the mold of high-speed finishing, in each Cut, cut to the workpiece, the feed should try to change the direction of a curve or arc adapter, avoid a straight line adapter to maintain the smooth process of cutting.
3 Die in high-speed milling processing of
Milling as a highly efficient high-speed cutting of the new method,in
Mould Manufacturing has been widely used. Forging links in the regular production model, with EDM cavity to be 12 ~ 15 h, electrodes produced 2 h. Milling after the switch to high-speed, high-speed milling cutter on the hardness of HRC 6 0 hardened tool steel processing. The forging die processing only 3 h20min, improve work efficiency four to five times the processing surface roughness of Ra0.5 ~ 0.6m, fully in line with quality requirements.
High-speed cutting technology is cutting technology one of the major developments, mainly used in automobile industry and die industry, particularly in the processing complex surface, the workpiece itself or knives rigid requirements of the higher processing areas, is a range of advanced processing technology The integration, high efficiency and high quality for the people respected. It not only involves high-speed processing technology, but also including high-speed processing machine tools, numerical control system, high-speed cutting tools and CAD / CAM technology. Die-processing technology has been developed in the mold of the manufacturing sector in general, and in my application and the application of the standards have yet to be improved, because of its traditional processing with unparalleled advantages, the future will continue to be an inevitable development of processing technology Direction.
4 sion and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position.
Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc..
Development trend of a numerical control technology
The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- ] in its main research focus.
5 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equipped
The efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering.
In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wa