CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】

CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】,說明書+CAD,CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)【說明書+CAD】,ck6163,數(shù)控機(jī)床,設(shè)計(jì),說明書,仿單,cad 編號(hào) 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 相關(guān)資料 題目： CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào)： 　　　 0923148　　　　 學(xué)生姓名： 肖 宇 指導(dǎo)教師： 　 尤麗華 （職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2013年5月25日 目 錄 一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告 二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯 三、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）周次進(jìn)度計(jì)劃、檢查落實(shí)表 四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 開題報(bào)告 題目： CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào)： 　　　 0923148　　　　 學(xué)生姓名： 肖 宇 指導(dǎo)教師： 　 尤麗華 （職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2013年5月25日 課題來源 受益于國(guó)家振興裝備制造業(yè)的大環(huán)境和強(qiáng)勁的市場(chǎng)需求拉動(dòng)，國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)床工具行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了技術(shù)長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展、投資熱情高漲的局面。數(shù)控機(jī)床的水平、品種和生產(chǎn)能力直接反映了國(guó)家的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合國(guó)力。數(shù)控機(jī)床作為國(guó)防軍工的戰(zhàn)略裝備，是各種武器裝備最重要的制造手段，是國(guó)防軍工裝備現(xiàn)代化的重要保證。數(shù)控機(jī)床一般由輸入介質(zhì)、人機(jī)交互設(shè)備、計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控裝置、進(jìn)給伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、主軸伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、輔助控制裝置、反饋裝置和適應(yīng)控制裝置等部分組成。隨著振興裝備制造業(yè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的高水平新產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，每個(gè)領(lǐng)域都對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床提出了更高的要求。CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床也被廣泛運(yùn)用。此次進(jìn)行對(duì)CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床的床頭箱、變速箱以及進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。 科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等） 自20世紀(jì)中期以來，隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展。自動(dòng)信息處理、數(shù)據(jù)處理以及電子計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，給自動(dòng)化技術(shù)帶來了新的概念，用數(shù)字化信號(hào)對(duì)機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)及其加工過程進(jìn)行控制，從而推動(dòng)了自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，讓世界機(jī)床業(yè)進(jìn)入了機(jī)電一體化的時(shí)代。數(shù)控機(jī)床機(jī)床是制造業(yè)的加工航母和國(guó)名經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要基礎(chǔ)，它為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各個(gè)部門提供裝備和手段，具有無限放大的經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)效應(yīng)。 目前，歐、美、日等工業(yè)化國(guó)家已經(jīng)先后完成數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程，而我國(guó)是從20世紀(jì)80年代才開始起步，處于發(fā)展階段。長(zhǎng)期以來，國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床始終處于抵擋迅速膨脹，中檔進(jìn)展緩慢，高檔依靠進(jìn)口的局面，特別是國(guó)家重點(diǎn)工程需要的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備主要依靠進(jìn)口，技術(shù)受制于人。究其原因，國(guó)內(nèi)本土數(shù)控機(jī)床企業(yè)大多處于“粗放型”階段，在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)水平、質(zhì)量、精度、性能等方面與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平相比落后了5-10年；在高、精、尖技術(shù)方面的差距則達(dá)到了10-15年。同時(shí)中國(guó)在應(yīng)用技術(shù)及技術(shù)集成方面的能力也還比較低，相關(guān)的技術(shù)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究制定相對(duì)滯后，國(guó)產(chǎn)的數(shù)控機(jī)床還沒有形成品牌效應(yīng)。同時(shí)，中國(guó)的數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)目前還缺少完善的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等支撐體系，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷能力和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平也不高。更重要原因是缺乏自主創(chuàng)新能力，完全擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)少之又少，制約了數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。 十二五期間我國(guó)將持續(xù)投入，且力度加大，力爭(zhēng)通過10-15年的時(shí)間，實(shí)現(xiàn)由機(jī)床工具生產(chǎn)大國(guó)向機(jī)床工具強(qiáng)國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)產(chǎn)中高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)占有主導(dǎo)地位等一系列中長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。 研究?jī)?nèi)容 本設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容是對(duì)CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床的機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)和利用MCS-51系列單片機(jī)，對(duì)縱、橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)給進(jìn)行開環(huán)設(shè)計(jì)。使其在縱向和橫向具有直線和圓弧插補(bǔ)的功能，驅(qū)動(dòng)元件采用電液脈沖馬達(dá)，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)采用滾珠絲杠，使車床進(jìn)行精確動(dòng)作，能進(jìn)行內(nèi)外圓柱面、圓錐面、圓弧面、圓柱螺紋和圓錐螺紋等加工。機(jī)床主軸的啟動(dòng)，停止和變速，縱向和橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的行程和速度，刀具的變換和冷卻，都可以自動(dòng)控制。并具有直線，錐度、直螺紋和錐螺紋的自動(dòng)循環(huán)機(jī)能。 擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析 通過對(duì)CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床的了解，總結(jié)出CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。工作方式與原理。進(jìn)行查閱書籍和圖冊(cè)，確定基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，從而進(jìn)行初步的作圖。交由老師檢查，修改。完成后，對(duì)圖紙進(jìn)行最終修改及確認(rèn)，編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。 可行性分析：《2013-2017年中國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床行業(yè)發(fā)展分析報(bào)告》指出2008年我國(guó)年產(chǎn)已達(dá)12.2萬臺(tái)；“十一五”期間，隨著一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)突破和自主生產(chǎn)能力的形成，我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)量保持著高速增長(zhǎng)。2010年我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)量達(dá)到23.6萬臺(tái)，同比增長(zhǎng)62.2%；同時(shí)機(jī)床消費(fèi)超達(dá)60億美元，臺(tái)數(shù)超過10萬臺(tái)。2011年我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)量25.71萬臺(tái)，比上年增長(zhǎng)20.6%，產(chǎn)量首次超過25萬臺(tái)，創(chuàng)下歷史新高。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國(guó)家政策大力支持下，我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床業(yè)的旺盛需求仍將保持高速增長(zhǎng)。由此可見，該設(shè)計(jì)方案切實(shí)可行。 研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果 2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。 2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。 2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。 2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。 2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：數(shù)控機(jī)床床頭箱和變速箱的初步設(shè)計(jì)，總體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，材料的選擇，各部件的參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)；強(qiáng)度計(jì)算，分析驗(yàn)證,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。 2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：完成二維圖的繪制。 2013年4月26日-2013年5月25日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 數(shù)控機(jī)床相對(duì)于普通機(jī)床具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：①具有高度柔性；②加工精度高；③加工質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定、可靠；④生產(chǎn)效率高；⑤改善勞動(dòng)條件；⑥利于生產(chǎn)管理現(xiàn)代化； 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 1. ①已具備條件： 各類資料比較齊全，查閱方便； CK6163型數(shù)控機(jī)床已有類似產(chǎn)品可供參考； 2. ②尚需解決的問題： 對(duì)一些結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)部分的具體設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)，以及制圖軟件的高級(jí)運(yùn)用技巧。 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日 英文原文 COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING The term Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) covers many areas from information processing and decision making to manufacturing and machining, which makes giving a single definition for CAM extremely difficult. D. Kochan gave fitting definition for CAM, with its diversity and wide range of use, in his book, “CAM can be defined as computer-aided preparation of manufacturing including decision-making, process and operational planning, software design techniques, and artificial intelligence, and manufacturing with different types of automation (NC machine, NC machine centers, NC machining cells, NC flexible manufacturing systems), and different types of realization (CNC single unit technology, DNC group technology).” Since CAM has such a wide range of use, a better way too look at CAM is through CAM technologies. The CAM technologies covered are group technology, manufacturing database, automated and tolerancing. Fig.22-1 illustrates the general scope of CAM. The essential role of the computer in the production function is to capture and process the data relating to a large number of transaction which continuously take place in different departments of the company. The initial research activity for CAM was Numerical Control (NC) for machine tools at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1953. The first programming language was Automatically Programming Tools (APT) created at MIT, and it was the pattern for many further developments. Currently, many manufacturing functions have been addressed by CAM including the following: Fig.1 The general scope of CAM ·Numerical Control (NC) ·Computer Numerical Control (CNC) ·Direct Numerical Control (DNC) ·Computer controlled conveyor systems ·Computer controlled machining process ·Computer aided process monitoring ·Computer aided fixturing design ·Computer aided tooling design ·Computer aided tolerancing design ·Computer aided cost estimating ·Material Requirement Planning (MRP) ·Computer aided Process Planning (CAPP) ·Computerized machinability data system ·Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRPⅡ) Computer Numerical Control Numerical control (NC) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols. The number, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for the particular work piece changes. The capability to change the program is what makes NC suitable for low-volume and medium-volume production, and it is much easier to write new programs than to make major alteration to the processing equipment. The principle of numerical control was first applied to the milling process, and then later to turning process, flame cutting , drilling, and grinding. NC technology is now used more and more for other manufacturing processes, such as forming (fine forging, rolling, etc.), engraving, and laser cutting. The current NC equipment is relatively more mature. Many machines posses multiple processing function, such as milling centers which can perform vertical and horizontal milling, drilling, boring, reaming, slotting, shaping, and turning processes. Of course, with a high capacity automated tooling library, CNC machines’ functions can be considerably more abundant. Programmable Logic Controller Programmable logic controller are widely used in computer aided manufacturing. Actually, PLCs are used in virtually every segment of industry where automation is required. PLCs represent one of the faster growing segments of the electronics industry. Since their inception, PLCs have proved to be the salvation of many manufacturing plans which previously relied on electro-mechanical control system. A PLC is a solid-state device designed to perform logic functions previously accomplished by electro-mechanical relays. The design of most PLC is similar to that of a computer. Basically, the PLC is an assembly of solid-state digital logic elements designed to make logical decisions and provide outputs, programmable logic controllers are used for the control and operation of manufacturing process equipment and machinery. Computer Aided Material Handing Material handling (MH) is a very important factor in how efficiently a workshop or company can be operated. An efficient MH system will help reduce waiting time, and it may even help increase safety or the effectiveness of the entire manufacturing process. Cabbert and Brown indicated that as much as 60% of the total production cost many be accounted for by material handing. It is also evidenced that most discrete manufacturing products spend 90% of their manufacturing lead time on the duration of material handing and storage.with MH accounting for such a large amount of the total production cost,it is obvious that reducing the amount of time a produce is handled will dramatically reduce production cost.One way of helping reduce these costs is by using computers to do some material handing. There is a great variety of material handing equipment available commercially and there are many types of MH approaches used today. One of these approaches is to used a computer database to store listing of MH equipment and the user’s input of factor values. The computer takes the user’s required level of, and preferred importance for, each criterion, and the feasible MH equipment for the task at hand, and produces a category of equipment from which the user can choose the proper type or piece of MH equipment. Computer Monitoring and Diagnostics for Manufacturing Processes In a computer monitoring and diagnostic system, the aim of monitoring is to detect failure, while the aim of diagnostics includes fault localization and identification. Both monitoring and diagnostics should appear at all levels of the control-monitoring hierarchy. There are some essential requirements that almost every monitoring and diagnostics system should posses. Some of the requirement for a monitoring system are : (1) the ability to measure and process relatively numerous analogue and digital signals; (2) the capability of profound preprocessing of measured signals, including statistical and frequency based analysis; (3) the ability for complex, multi-parameter decisions; (4) modular, extendable, reconfigurable structure; (5) programmability in all functions; and (6) standardized bi-directional software/hardware interfaces to the CNC/DNC controllers. Some of the requirements for a diagnostic system are : (1) the system should easily provide knowledge about the causal interrelationship when faults arise, to enable even worker who are not well acquainted with the process to localize faults ; (2) the consequences of faults should be readily available in the system so that the severity of a given fault for the further production process can be estimated ; (3) the user should have the possilibity of repairing the fault alone, I . e . repair instructions should be available to the user in a suitable form ; (4) the operation of the expert system should be possible by employees who have no previous experience with computer ; and (5) after a short training period, the system should be maintained by the employees running the facility so that the presence of expert engineers is no longer necessary. There are three major types of M/D systems that can be classified by their place and function in the manufacturing system. These M/D systems are : (1) autonomous subsystem monitoring, which gets only messages containing environment or condition descriptions from upper levels of control, and supplies all of the elements of the monitoring process with instruction, parameters, or setting needed for measuring, processing, classification, and intervention ; (2) complementary subsystem monitoring, which undertakes only the task of measuring and processing and passes classification and intervention to system level; and (3) semi-autonomous monitoring, which performs only simple, quick monitoring functions autonomously on its own level, and turn to upper levels in case of sophisticated classification and intervention tasks. The ideal computer monitoring and diagnostic system can be summed up as being a system that can be used during the absence of the human expert, for example, when the expert is on vacation, during breaks, or if a company wants to have three shift with few people on the third shift. (A) COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN Computer Aided Design(CAD) can be defined as using computer to aid engineering design process by means of effectively creating modifying, or documenting the part’s geometrical modeling. CAD is most commonly associated with the use of an interactive computer graphics system..The object of the engineering design is stored and represented in the from of geometric model. Geometric modeling is concerned with the use of a CAD system to develop a mathematical description of the geometry of an object. The mathematical description is called a model. There are three types of models (wire-frame,surface model, and solid models), that are commonly used to represent a physical object. Wire –frame model ,also called edage-vertex or stick-figure models,are the simplest method of modeling and ate most commonly used to define computer models of parts. Surface models may be constructed using a large variety of surface features. Solid models are recorded in the computer mathematically as volumes bounded by surfaces rather that as stick-figure structures. As a result, it is possible to calculate mass properties of the parts, which is often required for engineering analysis such as finite element methods, kinematic or dynamic studies studies, and mass or heat transfer for interference checking . Models in CAD also be classified as being two-dimensional (2D) models, two-and-half-dimensional models , or three-dimensional (3D) models . A 2Dmodel represents a flat part and a 3D model provides representation of a generalized part shape . a 2.5D model can be used to respresent a part of constant section with no side-wall details . the major advantage of a 2.5D model is that it give a certain amount of 3D information about a part without the need to create the database of a full 3D model . After a particular design alternative has been developed, some from of engineering analysis must often be performed as a part of the design process .The analysis may take the form of stress-strain calculations, heat transfer analysis, dynamic simulation etc. some examples of the software typically offered on CAD systems are properties and Finite Element Method analysis .Mass properties analysis involves the computation of such features of a solid object as its Volume、surface area、weight、and center of gravity. FEM analysis is available on most cad systems to aid in heat transfer, stress-strain analysis, dynamic characteristics, and other engineering computations. Presently, many CAD systems can be automatically generate the 2D or 3D FEM meshes which are essential to FEM analysis. As a matter of fact , development of CAD systems is now quite mature . however, considering the interface between CAD and CAPP , many problems still remain .the main problem is transformation of geometrical mode or ,more strictly , geometrical model representations, from CAD to CAPP . for instance ,in the simplest 2D form , Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) can represent an engineering drawing ,but items such as dimensions can be represented in different ways . Also different drawing systems use different technologies to group lines into profiles. As a result, there appear to be major problems in using IGES to transfer data between different systems . In 3D, The problems are worse because many ways of sorting surface and space curvese are incompatible. Some other attempt, such as the approach of Boundary Representation (B-Rep) and the approach of Constructive solid Geometry (CSC) tress in which the cavities are recognized from the special relationships between the primitive volumes, do not provide any semantic which could be associated with the machined volumes and are based on local information . Nevertheless, great efforts have been made in this area , and many approaches have been provided to interface CAPP with CAD . (B) COMPUTER AIDED PROCEDD PLANNING Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) can be defined as the functions which use computers to assist the work of process planners. The levels of assistance depend on the different strategies employed to implement the system. Lower level strategies only use computers for storage and retrieval of the data for the process plans which will be constructed manually by process planners, as well as for supplying the data which will be used in the planner’s new work. In comparison with lower level strategies, higher level strategies use computers to automatically generate process plans for some workpieces of simple geometrical shapes. Sometimes a process planner is required to input the data needed or to modify plans which do not fit specific production requirement well. The highest level strategy, which is the ultimate goal of CAPP, generates process plans by computer, which may replace process planners, when the knowledge and expertise of process planning and working experience have been incorporated into the computer programs. The database in a CAPP system based on the highest level strategy will be directly integrated with conjunctive system , e . g. CAD and CAM . CAPP has been recognized as playing a key role in CIM. More than 20 years have elapsed sine the use of computers to assist process planning tasks was first proposed. Tremendous efforts have made in the development of CAPP system. For the time being, the research interests for development of CAPP system are focused on intelligent and integrated process planning systems. For increasing the intelligence of CAPP systems, some new concepts, such as neural networks, fuzzy logic, and machine learning have been explored for the new generation of CAPP system. For increasing the integrability of CAPP system, feature based design, the roles of features, integrating process planning with scheduling, and integrating process planning with manufacturing resources planning have been focused on . this phenomenon is entitled concurrent or simultaneous engineering. Why computer aided process planning? It is obvious that CAPP development has been addressed by many universities, institutions, research organization and corporate development departments. A great effort has been made on the subject. However, the question of why CAPP is so important for the current production environment still needs to be answered. In this section the issues will be addressed. In general, there are three main arguments that are involved in the subject. Since a process plan determines the methods, machines, sequences, fixturing, and tools required in the fabrication and assembly of components, it is easy to see that process planning is one of the basic tasks to be performed in manufacturing systems. The task of carrying out the difficult and detailed process plans has traditionally been done by workers with a vast knowledge and understanding of the manufacturing process. Many of these skilled workers, now considered process planners, are either retired or close to retirement, with no qualified young process planners to take their place. An increasing shortage of process planners has been created. With the high pressure of serious competition in the world market, integrated production has been pursued as way for companies to survive and succeed. Automated process planning systems have been recognized as playing a key role in CIM. It is for reasons such as these that many companies look for computer aided process planning systems. Computer aided process planning is the way in which most companies are solving the problem of automating process planning and overcoming the shortage of skilled process planners. As the American Machinist and Automated Manufacturing Society has reported in the paper Process Planning Software Enhances Accuracy and Consistency, a computerized process planning system has essentially four goals: (1) reduces the clerical load of plan preparation on the manufacturing engineers and skilled process planners, who are in short supply; (2) optimize existing plans using the best available information on machines, tools, speeds, etc. ; (3) standardize what are known to be the ‘best’ process plans for families of components within a company, thereby capturing the knowledge of the skilled planners; (4) standardize production time/costs for particular families of components.