萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)--高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)--高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),萬(wàn)能,磨床,結(jié)構(gòu),改進(jìn),改良,設(shè)計(jì),高速,磨頭無(wú)軸,電機(jī),機(jī)電
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)論 文 任 務(wù) 書(shū)
一、 題目及專題
1、 題目 萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)
2、 專題 --高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
二、 課題來(lái)源及選題依據(jù)
課題來(lái)源為無(wú)錫某機(jī)械有限公司實(shí)際產(chǎn)品。現(xiàn)代機(jī)械加工越來(lái)越需要提高效率，通常采用高速加工，主要是采用高速主軸，因而高速加工中無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)就顯得很重要，本文正是基于萬(wàn)能外圓磨床適應(yīng)于高速加工要求對(duì)高速主軸的無(wú)軸承電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，探尋磁懸浮在普通機(jī)床高速主軸中的應(yīng)用。無(wú)軸承電機(jī)是具有磁懸浮軸承優(yōu)點(diǎn)的一種新型特種電機(jī)，它不僅拓展了高速電機(jī)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如微型化、大功率等，而且其獨(dú)具的懸浮機(jī)理和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)使之在生物工程、航空航天、高新能源、半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)、食品加工以及醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域也得到成功的應(yīng)用。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，在很多特殊電氣傳動(dòng)領(lǐng)域必將改變傳統(tǒng)的傳動(dòng)和傳輸方式，對(duì)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低成本、減少污染將會(huì)起到重要作用。因此，無(wú)軸承電機(jī)在我國(guó)具有很大的潛在應(yīng)用市場(chǎng)，積極開(kāi)展無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的研究和應(yīng)用具有現(xiàn)實(shí)和深遠(yuǎn)意義。
三、 本設(shè)計(jì)（論文或其他）應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求
1、 無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的研究意義及現(xiàn)狀；
2、 無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)及零部件的設(shè)計(jì)；
II
3、 該部件工作時(shí)，能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常；
4、 擬定工作機(jī)構(gòu)和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方案，并進(jìn)行多方案對(duì)比分析；
5、 磁懸浮軸承的工作原理及數(shù)學(xué)建模；
6、設(shè)計(jì)繪制零件工作圖若干張；
7、編制設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)1份（2萬(wàn)字以上）。
四、 接受任務(wù)學(xué)生：
機(jī)械 班 姓名 馮會(huì)駿
五、 開(kāi)始及完成日期：
自2012年11月7日至2013年5月25日
六、 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）指導(dǎo)（或顧問(wèn)）：
指導(dǎo)教師 簽名
簽名
簽名
教研室主任
〔學(xué)科組組長(zhǎng)研究所所長(zhǎng)〕 簽名
系主任 簽名
年 月 日
4
無(wú)無(wú)錫錫太太湖湖學(xué)學(xué)院院 屆屆畢畢業(yè)業(yè)作作業(yè)業(yè)周周次次進(jìn)進(jìn)度度計(jì)計(jì)劃劃、檢檢查查落落實(shí)實(shí)表表系別：信機(jī)班級(jí)：學(xué)生姓名：周次起止日期工作計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度每周主要完成內(nèi)容182012年11月7號(hào)-12月31號(hào)下達(dá)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)，參與工作9142013年1月7號(hào)-2013年3月10號(hào)填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告152013年3月11號(hào)-3月17號(hào)檢查畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)備情況 修改完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告162013年2月13號(hào)-2月19號(hào)查閱參考資料查閱與設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)的參考資料不少于10本，其中外文不少于2本172013年2月20號(hào)-2月26號(hào)高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)方案分析產(chǎn)品圖、分析無(wú)軸電機(jī)，優(yōu)選確定無(wú)軸電機(jī)改進(jìn)方案182013年3月27號(hào)-4月2號(hào)無(wú)軸電機(jī)分析與計(jì)算確定無(wú)軸電機(jī)，計(jì)算所需各種尺寸192013年4月3號(hào)-4月9號(hào)無(wú)軸電機(jī)改進(jìn)方案確定分析產(chǎn)品圖、分析無(wú)軸電機(jī)，優(yōu)選確定無(wú)軸電機(jī)改進(jìn)方案202013年4月10號(hào)-4月16號(hào)裝配圖初步繪制無(wú)軸電機(jī)裝配圖212013年4月17號(hào)-4月23號(hào)裝配圖修改無(wú)軸電機(jī)裝配圖222013年4月24號(hào)-4月30號(hào)完成零件圖修改無(wú)軸電機(jī)裝配圖232013年5月1號(hào)-5月7號(hào)說(shuō)明書(shū)、摘要、小結(jié)繪制模具零件圖，不少于5個(gè)242013年5月13號(hào)-5月19號(hào)檢查、指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)、摘要和小結(jié)編寫(xiě)完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)、摘要和小結(jié)252013年5月20號(hào)-5月25號(hào)上交資料、答辯整理所有資料上交指導(dǎo)教師，答辯 說(shuō)明：1、“工作計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度”、“指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)并簽字”由指導(dǎo)教師填寫(xiě)，“每周主要完成內(nèi)容”，“存在問(wèn)題、改進(jìn)方法”由學(xué)生填寫(xiě)。2、本表由各系妥善歸檔，保存?zhèn)洳?。系別：信機(jī)班級(jí)：學(xué)生姓名：存檔編碼：課題（設(shè)計(jì)）名稱：萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)-高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)始日期:存在問(wèn)題、改進(jìn)方法指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)并簽字備 注存在問(wèn)題：對(duì)于實(shí)際操作不是很了解。改進(jìn)方法：參與工作，逐漸了解，參與其中。存在問(wèn)題：對(duì)課題難易程度理解不夠，難點(diǎn)分析不足，分析能力欠缺，許多問(wèn)題不是很明白。改進(jìn)方法：在指導(dǎo)老師的幫助下，進(jìn)一步消化本課題。存在問(wèn)題：對(duì)課題難點(diǎn)分析不足，分析能力欠缺，對(duì)課題理解不深，頭腦里沒(méi)設(shè)計(jì)的東西的概念改進(jìn)方法：在指導(dǎo)老師的幫助下，整改開(kāi)題報(bào)告。存在問(wèn)題：由于工作原因，空閑時(shí)間很少，查閱資料太少。改進(jìn)方法：利用一切時(shí)間，去圖書(shū)館和網(wǎng)上查找相關(guān)資料存在問(wèn)題：缺乏實(shí)際操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，制定的工藝方案不合理。改進(jìn)方法：多去咨詢師傅了解實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，重新確立合理的工藝方案。存在問(wèn)題：無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)不合理，尺寸計(jì)算有誤差公式運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不了解改進(jìn)方法：查閱多種參考資料，改進(jìn)無(wú)軸電機(jī)，提高計(jì)算正確率。存在問(wèn)題：缺乏生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)梧州電機(jī)不了解，無(wú)軸電機(jī)改進(jìn)安排不合理改進(jìn)方法：多了解實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，重新確立合理的工藝方案。無(wú)無(wú)錫錫太太湖湖學(xué)學(xué)院院 屆屆畢畢業(yè)業(yè)作作業(yè)業(yè)周周次次進(jìn)進(jìn)度度計(jì)計(jì)劃劃、檢檢查查落落實(shí)實(shí)表表存在問(wèn)題：對(duì)CAD運(yùn)用不熟悉，畫(huà)圖速度較慢改進(jìn)方法：重新確定合理的表達(dá)視圖，多加運(yùn)用繪圖軟件，提高畫(huà)圖速度存在問(wèn)題：2D裝配圖中部分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件畫(huà)法不正確，尺寸不精確。改進(jìn)方法：按機(jī)械制圖要求改正不正確的畫(huà)法，修改尺寸。存在問(wèn)題：2D裝配圖中技術(shù)要求填寫(xiě)不合理，明細(xì)欄填寫(xiě)不正確。改進(jìn)方法：按機(jī)械制圖要求改正不當(dāng)之處。存在問(wèn)題：零件圖的表達(dá)方案不合理，尺寸不符合實(shí)際需要，技術(shù)要求不規(guī)范。改進(jìn)方法：修改零件圖的表達(dá)方案，完善尺寸標(biāo)注和技術(shù)要求。存在問(wèn)題：說(shuō)明書(shū)的格式不規(guī)范，摘要不合理，關(guān)鍵詞不恰當(dāng)。改進(jìn)方法：根據(jù)說(shuō)明書(shū)規(guī)范要求更改，重新按要求編寫(xiě)摘要。資料整理欠合理，按學(xué)院要求整理并裝訂，進(jìn)行答辯 說(shuō)明：1、“工作計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度”、“指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)并簽字”由指導(dǎo)教師填寫(xiě)，“每周主要完成內(nèi)容”，“存在問(wèn)題、改進(jìn)方法”由學(xué)生填寫(xiě)。課題（設(shè)計(jì)）名稱：萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)-高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)始日期:
編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)
--高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923029
學(xué)生姓名： 馮會(huì)駿
指導(dǎo)教師： 韓邦華 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目： 萬(wàn)能外圓磨床結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)
--高速磨頭無(wú)軸電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923029
學(xué)生姓名： 馮會(huì)駿
指導(dǎo)教師： 韓邦華 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
年 月
課題來(lái)源
無(wú)錫某企業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
現(xiàn)代機(jī)械加工越來(lái)越需要提高效率，通常采用高速加工，主要是采用高速主軸，因而高速加工中無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)就顯得很重要，本文正是基于萬(wàn)能外圓磨床適應(yīng)于高速加工要求對(duì)高速主軸的無(wú)軸承電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，探尋磁懸浮在普通機(jī)床高速主軸中的應(yīng)用，因其獨(dú)具的懸浮機(jī)理和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)使之在生物工程、航空航天、高新能源、半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)、食品加工以及醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域也得到成功的應(yīng)用。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，在很多特殊電氣傳動(dòng)領(lǐng)域必將改變傳統(tǒng)的傳動(dòng)和傳輸方式，對(duì)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低成本、減少污染將會(huì)起到重要作用。因此，無(wú)軸承電機(jī)在我國(guó)具有很大的潛在應(yīng)用市場(chǎng)，積極開(kāi)展無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的研究和應(yīng)用具有現(xiàn)實(shí)和深遠(yuǎn)意義。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
通過(guò)研究磁懸浮軸承的工作原理及數(shù)學(xué)建模，改變傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械軸承的摩擦力大等缺點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的小型化、高速化、節(jié)能化，降低無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的制造成本。使其廣泛應(yīng)用于高速或超高速數(shù)控機(jī)床、小型發(fā)電設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
1、無(wú)軸承電機(jī)具有無(wú)接觸、無(wú)需潤(rùn)滑及無(wú)磨損等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可以用于真空技術(shù)、無(wú)菌車間、腐蝕性介質(zhì)或非常純凈介質(zhì)的傳輸 2、無(wú)軸承電機(jī)比其他同功率的電機(jī)及支撐裝置，體積小、重量輕、能耗小，能提高高速及超高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的工作性能 3、無(wú)軸承電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速可以做得很高、功率也可以很大，特別適用于高速或超高速數(shù)控機(jī)床、渦輪分子泵、離心泵、壓縮機(jī)、飛輪儲(chǔ)能裝置及小型發(fā)電設(shè)備等工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
借助圖書(shū)館，新華書(shū)店的書(shū)籍查詢相關(guān)技術(shù)指標(biāo)及無(wú)軸承電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)所需要的相關(guān)知識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)出無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)分析出懸浮控制的原理并合理的應(yīng)用。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
通過(guò)改善軸承的機(jī)械摩擦，提高能量的利用率
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
首先對(duì)無(wú)軸承電機(jī)的研究意義與現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，并對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行安排。然后重點(diǎn)對(duì)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。第三部分分析磁懸浮軸承的工作原理并建立數(shù)學(xué)模型。最后總結(jié)前文，得出結(jié)論，對(duì)未來(lái)工作進(jìn)行展望。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure
Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electro mechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing , processing , transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor ; (6)Software engineering ,etc..
Development trend of a numerical control technology
The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equiping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- ] in its main research focus .
1.A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped
The efficiency , quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed , high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering.
In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles , walls . Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equiping the demand which has proposed high-speed , high precise and high flexibility.
According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up . HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g.
In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5|ìm up to from 10|ìm already, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5|ìm, rise to 1- 1.5|ìm, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01|ìm).
In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability .
In order to realize high-speed , high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further.
1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes
Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds.
At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks . So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head 無(wú)效 of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5 ).
At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle , make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly.
1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently , openly , networkedlily
The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc..
Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller ) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System ) of China ,etc.. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing 包含ument ,etc. are the core of present research.
The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and proto無(wú)效s of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, " CyberProduction Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak ) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits " IT plaza " (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction.
2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country
The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During " Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the " Ninth Five-Year Plan Period " on the later stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period " of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage , made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for " the Ninth Five-Year Plan ", the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular ).
Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.
a.Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer , basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and servoly basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.
b.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China , numerical control of the spaceflight etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China,etc.. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically.
c.Have set up a numerical control research, development , managerial talent's basic team .
Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with ) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level.
a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.
b.On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; One's own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence.
c.On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology , project ability are relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind.
It is analysed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect.
a.Realize the respect. Know to industry's process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling , system ,etc. to the unstandard , foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.
b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system , perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system.
c.Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty.
d.Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent, the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study.
中文譯文
數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及對(duì)策
數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對(duì)機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)和工作過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域：(1)機(jī)械制造技術(shù)；(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)；(3)自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)；(4)伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)；(5)傳感器技術(shù)；(6)軟件技術(shù)等。
1 數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來(lái)了革命性的變化，使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，他對(duì)國(guó)計(jì)民生的一些重要行業(yè)（IT、汽車、輕工、醫(yī)療等）的發(fā)展起著越來(lái)越重要的作用，因?yàn)檫@些行業(yè)所需裝備的數(shù)字化已是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個(gè)方面［1～4］。
1．1 高速、高精加工技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢(shì)
效率、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會(huì)將其列為5大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一，國(guó)際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會(huì)（CIRP）將其確定為21世紀(jì)的中心研究方向之一。
在轎車工
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