家用轎車盤式制動器設計
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本科畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯譯文
學生姓名
院（系） 機電工程學院
專業(yè)班級 車輛工程
指導教師
完成日期
Introduction To Car Disc Brake
Cars (including two cars, motorcycles, hereinafter the same), is a modern transportation tool used most frequently, the most common, also is the most convenient transportation tool box. It is mainly composed of the engine, chassis, body and accessories, auto electrical and electronic equipment and other parts. Automobile brake system is an important automobile chassis system; It is about motor sports side device. The brake is direct role in brake system restriction of motor sport a key t, is the safety of the car is the most important thing.
Generally speaking, automobile brake drum and disc divides into two broad categories. Since cars available and practical application, the drum brake within a fairly long time occupies the automobile brake dominance. In the early 20th century, between the disc brake, 30 s began to be used to train braking, tanks and aircraft. Due to the progress of manufacture technology and constantly improve, people know the advantages of disc brake by car designers know gradually. Since the 60 s, disc brake has been popular in the United States and Japan, Europe and other western developed countries, are widely used in cars and light and medium car front wheel braking, some advanced car front and adopt the disc brake. On some buses and heavy duty truck has been widely used. In the second round of automobile, motorcycle) is mainly in the application of displacement in more than 125 ml of motorcycle, general 125 ~ 250 ml is front coil, after the drum, more than 400 ml often front and rear wheels adopt disc brakes, even of a front wheel, double plate, rear plate.
Disc brake application in automotive manufacturing in our country face of late, application began in the late 80 s, though in some cars, but mostly introduce the foreign products or components, and application of motorcycle brake disc that is in the 90 s.
The main advantage of the disc brake disc brake is finding wider and wider application in automobile, motorcycle, because it is compared with the drum brake has some outstanding advantages of the following:
（1）Braking stability is good. It's efficiency factors and the relationship between coefficient of Lao K balance production curve, so for the above free time can ease the number of requirements, thus the system advised when the friction between the surface for the influence of temperature, water sensitivity is low. When high kuai to drive car so can guarantee the stability and reliability of the brake.
(2) in the brake disc brake, the car deceleration and the pipeline pressure is linear, and the drum brake is is a linear relationship
(3) the output moment balance. The drum is balance to the poor.
(4) brake disc has good ventilation cooling, with vent cooling effect of brake disc is preferred, good thermal stability, brake pedal force is lesser also required.
(5) velocity has a little influence on the pedal force.
(6) when work at higher temperatures, the brake disc thickness variation is small, so the pedal stroke changed little, while the drum is much more change.
(7) disc friction piece of easy replacement, maintenance is simple, even in the field, and drum one hoof type similar assignments are much more complex.
(8) in the output torque phase at the same time, the disc of small size, light in weight.
(9) on the large displacement motorcycle jacket more appear beautiful, air disc brake.
The classification of the disc brake disc brake caliper disc according to the characteristics of the braking force applied element points, since the power, all three. If the press clamp piston number in the body, the disc brake can be divided into single cylinder and multi-cylinder again; According to the brake disc can be divided into the integral type and ventilated. Previously mentioned pliers disc brake and full brake is according to the fixed clamp body on the scaffold model.
The basic structure and working principle of sliding caliper disc brake in alto car front brake always become idle caliper disc brake of basic structure and working principle. Shown in figure 4 for the major structure of the brake, the brake disc with brake disc level switch with front wheel jinyi rigid connection, through the wheel on the yi yi bolt combined with front wheel, wheel yi internal spline with spline shaft coupling on the front axle turns with the front wheel brake disc. The brake clamp is fixed on the steering knuckle, steering knuckle is combined with front suspension.
The working principle of sliding caliper disc brake simple introduction (see figures 4 and 5) as follows:
Figure 4 Ao tuo 7080 car front brake structure
1. The brake caliper pin bolt 2. The brake caliper pin 3. Dust cover 4.Friction plate 5.6.Vent plug and plug 7.Brake pliers 8.9.10.Brake pump assembly 11.Brake disc 12.Brake disc dust cover 13.stents 14.Leaf spring
The 7 can be relatively brake disc brake caliper body on the brake clamp shaft tip 2 for axial sliding (floating), two pieces of friction block packing on both inside and outside of brake disc, lateral a fixed on the clamp body, the support of the medial a piece by spring live close to the cylinder hole end face beyond the Great Wall. On the brake caliper cylinder installed in the inside of the brake disc, when high pressure oil from the oil cylinder Kong Jin people on the brake caliper, then push the piston forward make the inside of the friction piece of pressure on the brake disc, and reaction of the lateral friction of pliers body along with its block sliding in the opposite direction to the direction and the piston and pressure to the other side of the brake disc, brake block until two equal force, in a very short period of time of braking torque and the brake disc stop running, so that the car brake down. When the oil pressure to cancel, with the aid of in cylinder piston sealing ring elastic resilience, and automatically from the whole system with the reverse process of the pressurized movement back to the state before the pressure, and maintain a constant clearance between the brake disc and system, which makes dry between adjustment of disc brake
The design of the sliding caliper disc brake road
Solid basis of the design of the conditions are as follows:
(1) a dynamic disk,
(2) the clamp floating, round yi (brake axis) no radial force and moment, does not exist on the plate bending stress;
(3) the circular lateral dynamic block this lining, busy don't have to load cylinder diameter is equal to its size.
(4) absorbed heat t uniform distribution on the brake.
The main test sliding caliper disc brake
Disc brake assembly as an important safety car parts. It also includes the design development and production process of a series of experiments, both important parts, assembly or go through rigorous testing, the test to verify, look to whether has reached the technical standard, here only a brief introduction of disc is made of some main test items.
(1) the brake caliper assembly should be the bench test of main there are 14 categories. Have leakage test, the fluid volume and torsion failure strength test, the test slip torque, two types of torsion fatigue strength test, high hydraulic fatigue strength test, the normal temperature and high temperature (120 ℃, 5 ℃) work endurance test, the vibration fatigue test and immersion resistance test, corrosion test and leakage test at low temperature in 14 categories.
(2) brake assembly by dynamometer test, the comprehensive test bench test.
(3) after at least 30000 kilometers of roads, the climate condition of the real vehicle experiment. Through the above all kinds of test and after reaching the corresponding technical standards, caliper disc brake can be put into production and use. Purpose is to make the brake assembly of braking efficiency is high, the braking stability, reliability, brake thermal stability and water stability is good and easy manipulation, no pollution to the environment.
Car disc brake design and manufacturing technology in developed garden home already quite mature, but or just started in our country, high technology, design, manufacture and test are complicated. To ensure that produce batch larger, high performance disk controller products, not only in the art equipment (including test equipment), and other hardware to have larger input, also includes some efficient automation equipment and production line introduced from abroad, and struggle in soft technology and material the sunrise, also need to introduce some new technology, can spend more time in independent design and independent development, so that in the near future, form our own design, development, the ability of disc brake, and promote the automobile industry of our country, especially in cars and large displacement motorcycle industry at or near the world's advanced level.
外文中文翻譯：
淺談汽車盤式制動器
汽車(含二輪汽車,即摩托車,下同),是現(xiàn)代交通工具中用得最多,最普遍,也是最方便的交通運箱工具。它主要由發(fā)動機、底盤、車身與附件、汽車電器與電子設備等部分組成。汽車制動系是汽車底盤上的一個重要系統(tǒng);它是側約汽車運動的裝置。而制動器又是制動系中直接作用制約汽車運動的一個關健裝t,是汽車上最重要的安全件。
一般說來,汽車制動器分為鼓式和盤式兩大類.自從汽車問世并投入實際應用以來,鼓式制動器在一段相當長的時間內部占據(jù)著汽車制動的統(tǒng)治地位。二十世紀初,盤式制動器間世,30年代后期才開始用于列車、坦克及飛機的制動上。由于制造技術的進步和人們認識的不斷提高,盤式制動器的優(yōu)點逐漸被汽車設計師們所認識。60年代以來,盤式制動器已風靡美、日、歐等西方發(fā)達國家,廣泛應用于轎車和輕、中型車的前輪制動上,一些高級轎車前后輪均采用了盤式制動器。在一些大客車和重型汽車上也得到了廣泛應用。在二輪汽車(摩托車)上的應用主要是排量在125ml以上的摩托車,一般125~250ml是前盤、后鼓、400ml以上往往前、后輪均采用盤式制動器,有的甚至是前輪雙盤、后輪單盤。
盤式制動器在我國汽車制造上的應用祖對較晚,80年代后期雖在一些轎車上開始應用,但大多是引進國外成品或散件,而摩托車盤式制動器的應用那更是90年代的事。
盤式制動器的主要優(yōu)點盤式制動器在汽車、摩托車上的應用越來越廣泛,原因是它與鼓式制動器比較有如下的一些突出優(yōu)點:
(1) 制動穩(wěn)定性好.它的效能因素與摩寮系數(shù)關系的K一產(chǎn)曲線變化平衡,所以對摩攘暇數(shù)的要求可以放寬,因而對制勸時摩擦面間為溫度、水的影響敏感度就低。所以在汽車高蒯于駛時均能保證制動的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。
(2)盤式制動器制動時,汽車減速度與時動管路壓力是線性關系,而鼓式制動器卻是非
線性關系。
(3)輸出力矩平衡.而鼓式則平衡性差。
(4)制動盤的通風冷卻較好,帶通風孔打制動盤的散熱效果尤佳,故熱穩(wěn)定性好,制動寸所需踏板力也較小。
(5)車速對踏板力的影響較小。
(6)當工作溫度升高時,制動盤厚度變化量小,故踏板行程變化不大,而鼓式則變化大得多。
(7)盤式的摩擦塊更換容易,維修簡便,甚至可在現(xiàn)場進行,而鼓一蹄式類似作業(yè)則復雜得多。
(8)在輸出力矩相同時,盤式的尺寸小，重量輕。
(9)在大排量摩托車上裝上盤式制動器更顯得美觀、氣派。
盤式制動器的分類盤式制動器按制動力施加元件的特點分鉗盤式、自增力式、全盤式三種。如果按鉗體內活塞數(shù)目不同,則盤式制動器又可分為單缸式和多缸式;按制動盤的型式又可分為整體式和通風式等。前面提到的鉗盤式制動器和全盤式制動器是按鉗體固定在支架上的型式。
滑動鉗盤式制動器的基本結構及工作原理以奧拓轎車前制動器總成為例簡單介紹惰動鉗盤式制動器的基本結構和工作原理。圖4所示為制動器的主要結構,用制動盤級栓將制動盤與前輪毅剛性聯(lián)接在一起,通過輪毅上的輪毅螺栓與前車輪相聯(lián),輪毅的內花鍵與前軸上的花鍵軸聯(lián)接使制動盤與前車輪一起轉動。而制動鉗則固定在轉向節(jié)上,轉向節(jié)與前懸架相聯(lián)
滑動鉗盤式制動器的工作原理簡單介紹如下(見圖4和圖5):
制動鉗體7可以相對制動盤在制動鉗軸梢2上作軸向滑動(浮動),兩片摩擦塊分裝在制動盤的內、外兩側,外側一塊固定在鉗體上,內側一塊通過彈簧片的支承緊靠缸孔活塞外端面。制動鉗上的油缸設置在制動盤內側,當高壓油從制動鉗上的進油孔進人油缸后,便推動活塞前進使其內側的摩擦塊壓在制動盤上,而反作用力則推動鉗體連同其上的外側摩擦塊向與活塞前進方向的反方向滑動并壓向制動盤的另一側,直到兩制動塊受力均等為止,在很短的時間內制動力矩便使制動盤停止轉動,從而使汽車制動下來。當油壓取消時,借助缸內的活塞密封圈的彈性恢復能力,使整個系統(tǒng)又自動從與加壓運動的反向過程回到加壓前的狀態(tài),并保持制動盤與制塊間隙的恒定,這就使盤式制動器的間晾調整實現(xiàn)了自動化。
滑動鉗盤式制動路的設計
設計的依據(jù)條件有:
(1)實心創(chuàng)動盤,
(2)鉗浮動,輪毅(制動軸)無徑向力和彎矩作用,即盤上不存在彎曲應力;
(3)圓形側動塊本攘襯片,其尺寸不必等于加載油缸直徑.
(4)所吸收的熱t(yī)均勻分布在整個制動器上。
滑動鉗盤式制動器的主要試驗
盤式制動器總成作為汽車上的一個重要的安全件。它的設計研制和生產(chǎn)過程也包含著一個系列的實驗,不管是總成或是重要零件,都要經(jīng)過嚴密的試驗,由試驗來驗證,看是否達到了規(guī)定的技術標準,這里只簡單介紹一下盤式制器的一些主要試驗項目。
(1)制動鉗總成需作的臺架試驗主要的有十四項。即有泄漏試驗、所需液量試驗、檢驗打滑扭矩、扭轉破壞強度,兩種扭轉疲勞強度試驗、高液壓疲勞強度試驗、常溫和高溫(120℃士5℃)工作耐久性能試驗、振動疲勞試驗、耐浸水性能試驗、耐腐蝕試驗及低溫泄漏試驗等十四項。
(2)制動器總成還要通過測功機試驗,即綜合臺架試架。
(3)經(jīng)過至少3萬公里以上的各種道路、氣候情況的實車實驗。
通過以上各種試驗而且都達到相應的技術標準后,鉗盤式制動器方能投入生產(chǎn)和使用。目的是使該制動器總成的制動效能高,制動穩(wěn)定性好、可靠性強、制動的熱穩(wěn)定性和水穩(wěn)定性都好且便于操縱,對環(huán)境無污染等。
汽車盤式制動器設計和制造技術在發(fā)達園家已經(jīng)相當成熟,可在我國還是剛在起步的高技術,設計、制造、試驗都比較復雜.要保證制造出批量較大的、高性能盤式制器產(chǎn)品,不僅在二藝設備(包括試驗設備)等硬件方面要有比較大的投入,還包括從國外引進一些高效自動化設備及生產(chǎn)線,而且在軟技術方面還需努力和材曦高,也需引進一些最新技術,要在獨立設計和自主開發(fā)上多下功夫,以便在不久的將來,形成我們自己的設計、開發(fā)、盤式制動器的能力,促健我國的汽車工業(yè),特別是轎車和大排量摩托車工業(yè)達到或接近世界先進水平。
翻譯工具有：牛津高階英漢雙解詞典（第六版）牛津大學出版社
機械工程專業(yè)英語（第十版）哈爾濱工業(yè)大學出版社
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