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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,*,*,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,南京郵電學院管理系趙宏波,第,五,五,章,章,電,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,11/8/2022,1,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,的,的,特,特,點,點,適,度,度,超,超,前,前,整,體,體,性,性,業(yè),務(wù),務(wù),替,替,代,代,性,性,發(fā),展,展,轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn),移,移,性,性,總,體,體,經(jīng),經(jīng),濟,濟,性,性,11/8/2022,2,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,的,的,任,任,務(wù),務(wù),根,據(jù),據(jù),國,國,民,民,經(jīng),經(jīng),濟,濟,和,和,社,社,會,會,發(fā),發(fā),展,展,戰(zhàn),戰(zhàn),略,略
2、,,,,,研,研,究,究,、,、,制,制,定,定,電,電,信,信,發(fā),發(fā),展,展,的,的,方,方,向,向,、,、,目,目,標,標,、,、,發(fā),發(fā),展,展,速,速,度,度,和,和,重,重,大,大,比,比,例,例,關(guān),關(guān),系,系,。,。,探,索,索,電,電,信,信,發(fā),發(fā),展,展,規(guī),規(guī),律,律,和,和,趨,趨,勢,勢,。,。,提,出,出,規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,期,期,內(nèi),內(nèi),有,有,關(guān),關(guān),的,的,重,重,大,大,建,建,設(shè),設(shè),項,項,目,目,和,和,技,技,術(shù),術(shù),經(jīng),經(jīng),濟,濟,分,分,析,析,。,。,研,研,究,究,規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,的,的,實,實,施,施,方,方,案,案,以,以,及,及,相,相
3、,應(yīng),應(yīng),的,的,對,對,策,策,和,和,措,措,施,施,。,。,11/8/2022,3,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,的,的,步,步,驟,驟,對,電,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),的,的,現(xiàn),現(xiàn),狀,狀,進,進,行,行,調(diào),調(diào),查,查,研,研,究,究,。,。,確,定,定,規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,目,目,標,標,。,。,對,電,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),的,的,用,用,戶,戶,(,(,業(yè),業(yè),務(wù),務(wù),量,量,),),、,、,技,技,術(shù),術(shù),等,等,發(fā),發(fā),展,展,動,動,向,向,、,、,趨,趨,勢,勢,和,和,前,前,景,景,進,進,行,行,科,科,學,學,的,的,預(yù),預(yù),測,測,。,。,對,電,電,信,信,網(wǎng)
4、,網(wǎng),發(fā),發(fā),展,展,的,的,規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,。,。,對,規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,進,進,行,行,技,技,術(shù),術(shù),經(jīng),經(jīng),濟,濟,分,分,析,析,。,。,11/8/2022,4,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,的,的,內(nèi),內(nèi),容,容,體,體,系,系,電,話,話,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,移,動,動,通,通,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,數(shù),字,字,同,同,步,步,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,數(shù),據(jù),據(jù),通,通,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,智,能,能,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,寬,帶,帶,通,通,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,信,令,令,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,電,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),的,的,規(guī),規(guī),劃
5、,劃,體,體,系,系,電,信,信,管,管,理,理,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),規(guī),規(guī),劃,劃,11/8/2022,5,本地,電,電話,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)規(guī),劃,劃的,內(nèi),內(nèi)容,體,體系,話務(wù),量,量預(yù),測,測,局所,規(guī),規(guī)劃,社會,效,效益,分,分析,用戶,接,接入,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)規(guī),劃,劃,中繼,傳,傳輸,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)規(guī),劃,劃,投資,估,估算,企業(yè),經(jīng),經(jīng)濟,效,效益,分,分析,電話,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)的,規(guī),規(guī)劃,的,的體,系,系內(nèi),容,容,綜合,分,分析,電話,用,用戶,分,分析,業(yè)務(wù),預(yù),預(yù)測,網(wǎng)絡(luò),規(guī),規(guī)劃,其它,規(guī),規(guī)劃,經(jīng)濟,分,分析,11/8/2022,6,移動,通,通信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)規(guī),劃,劃的,內(nèi),內(nèi)容,無線,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)規(guī),劃,劃(,基,
6、基站,信,信道,規(guī),規(guī)劃),固定,網(wǎng),網(wǎng)規(guī),劃,劃(,移,移動,局,局所,規(guī),規(guī)劃),頻率規(guī),劃,劃,移動通,信,信的規(guī),劃,劃的內(nèi),容,容,業(yè)務(wù)預(yù),測,測,網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī),劃,劃,經(jīng)濟分,析,析,11/8/2022,7,業(yè)務(wù)預(yù),測,測,預(yù)測就,是,是根據(jù),事,事物的,過,過去和,現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在的,發(fā),發(fā)展情,況,況及某,些,些規(guī)律,,,,以及,新,新出現(xiàn),的,的可能,性,性,對,事,事物的,未,未來發(fā),展,展趨勢,進,進行科,學,學地預(yù),知,知和推,測,測。,分類:,(1),時,時間:,近,近期、,中,中期和,遠,遠期,(2),范,范圍:,宏,宏觀預(yù),測,測和微,觀,觀預(yù)測,(3),結(jié),結(jié)果:,定,定性與
7、,定,定量,(4),方,方法:,因,因果分,析,析、類,比,比分析,、,、統(tǒng)計,分,分析等,。,。,業(yè)務(wù)預(yù),測,測主要,包,包括用,戶,戶發(fā)展,預(yù),預(yù)測和,業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)量,的,的流量,流,流向預(yù),測,測。,11/8/2022,8,預(yù)測開,始,始,確定預(yù),測,測對象,、,、研究,影,影響因,素,素,收集整,理,理分析,資,資料數(shù),據(jù),據(jù)揭示,其,其規(guī)律,選出可,用,用的預(yù),測,測方法,定量方法,建立數(shù),學,學模型,計,計算預(yù),測,測值,定性、,綜,綜合分,析,析研究,預(yù),預(yù)測值,驗證模,型,型的合,理,理性,是,否,批準預(yù)測值?,差異顯著,修高預(yù),測,測值或,重,重新預(yù),測,測,跟蹤預(yù),測,測結(jié)果,
8、是,是,否,否,返回,11/8/2022,9,用戶發(fā),展,展預(yù)測,用戶發(fā),展,展預(yù)測,就,就是對,規(guī),規(guī)劃期,內(nèi),內(nèi)某類,業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)用,戶,戶的總,數(shù),數(shù)進行,預(yù),預(yù)測和,估,估計。,常用的,預(yù),預(yù)測方,法,法有直,觀,觀預(yù)測,法,法、時,間,間序列,分,分析和,相,相關(guān)回,歸,歸分析,等,等。,11/8/2022,10,1、,直,直觀,預(yù),預(yù)測法,直觀預(yù),測,測法又,稱,稱專家,預(yù),預(yù)測法,。,。它主,要,要是通,過,過熟悉,情,情況的,有,有關(guān)人,員,員或?qū)?家,家的直,觀,觀判斷,進,進行預(yù),測,測。這,種,種方法,簡,簡單、,方,方便、,易,易于掌,握,握、適,用,用性強,。,。特別,是
9、,是在歷,史,史資料,數(shù),數(shù)據(jù)不,足,足的情,況,況下可,以,以采用,,,,比如,新,新業(yè)務(wù),的,的預(yù)測,,,,直觀,預(yù),預(yù)測法,常,常用的,有,有三種,方,方法:,專家會,議,議法:,特爾斐,法,法:,綜合判,斷,斷法:,11/8/2022,11,11/8/2022,12,2、時,間,間序列分析,時間序列分,析,析就是分析,統(tǒng),統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)依,時,時間變化的,發(fā),發(fā)展規(guī)律,,用,用以預(yù)測未,來,來。,(1)趨勢,外,外推法。這,種,種方法假定,未,未來發(fā)展趨,勢,勢和過去發(fā),展,展趨勢相一,致,致,因此比,較,較適合于近,期,期預(yù)測,而,不,不太適用于,中,中、遠期預(yù),測,測。通信預(yù),測,測中常
10、用的,方,方法有:,線性方程:,y,t,=a+bt,指數(shù)方程:,y,t,=e,a+bt,=y,0,(1+p)t,二次曲線方,程,程:,y,t,=a+bt+ct,2,(2)成長,曲,曲線預(yù)測法,。,。,11/8/2022,13,3、相關(guān),回,回歸分析,法,法,相關(guān)回歸,分,分析預(yù)測,技,技術(shù)也稱,因,因果預(yù)測,法,法。這是,根,根據(jù)各經(jīng),濟,濟變量之,間,間的相互,關(guān),關(guān)系,利,用,用歷史數(shù),據(jù),據(jù)建立起,回,回歸方程,進,進行預(yù)測,的,的一種預(yù),測,測方法。,相,相關(guān)分析,模,模型可分,為,為線性和,非,非線性,,一,一元或多,元,元回歸方,程,程。變量,也,也可為隨,機,機變量。,例,例如根
11、據(jù),統(tǒng),統(tǒng)計調(diào)查,分,分析,長,話,話業(yè)務(wù)量,的,的增長與,工,工農(nóng)業(yè)總,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)值有關(guān),,,,且接近,于,于線性相,關(guān),關(guān),則可,建,建立一元,線,線性回歸,方,方程如下,:,:,y=a+bx,t,式中:x,t,t年,的,的工農(nóng)業(yè),總,總產(chǎn)值。,參數(shù)的求,法,法同樣可,用,用最小二,乘,乘法來求,,,,只是公,式,式中t改,為,為x,t,即可。,11/8/2022,14,4、類比,法,法,類比法是,根,根據(jù)相似,原,原理來進,行,行預(yù)測,,這,這就是可,利,利用國內(nèi),外,外類似的,情,情況來進,行,行推測,,例,例如在進,行,行某城市,的,的長話預(yù),測,測時,就,可,可參考國,內(nèi),內(nèi)外其他,同
12、,同類城市,的,的情況,,進,進行比較,。,。,11/8/2022,15,(,二,二,),),流,流,量,量,預(yù),預(yù),測,測,流,量,量,是,是,指,指,兩,兩,點,點,(,(,局,局,、,、,站,站,),),之,之,間,間,的,的,通,通,信,信,數(shù),數(shù),量,量,。,。,流,流,量,量,預(yù),預(yù),測,測,一,一,般,般,是,是,根,根,據(jù),據(jù),各,各,局,局,的,的,去,去,(,(,來,來,),),業(yè),業(yè),務(wù),務(wù),量,量,的,的,預(yù),預(yù),測,測,數(shù),數(shù),,,,,以,以,基,基,礎(chǔ),礎(chǔ),流,流,量,量,矩,矩,陣,陣,為,為,基,基,礎(chǔ),礎(chǔ),進,進,行,行,合,合,理,理,分,分,配,配,,,,
13、,或,或,利,利,用,用,通,通,信,信,網(wǎng),網(wǎng),中,中,其,其,他,他,有,有,關(guān),關(guān),數(shù),數(shù),據(jù),據(jù),進,進,行,行,分,分,配,配,而,而,得,得,到,到,預(yù),預(yù),測,測,的,的,流,流,量,量,矩,矩,陣,陣,。,。,確,確,定,定,流,流,量,量,矩,矩,陣,陣,的,的,方,方,法,法,很,很,多,多,,,,,目,目,前,前,在,在,通,通,信,信,部,部,門,門,常,常,用,用,的,的,有,有雙因素,法,法、吸,引,引系數(shù),法,法和重,力,力法。,11/8/2022,16,1、,雙,雙因,素,素法,雙因素,法,法亦稱,為,為克魯,依,依特荷,夫,夫(Kruithof)方,法,法,該
14、,方,方法在,已,已知各,局,局所預(yù),測,測的來,、,、去業(yè),務(wù),務(wù)量的,條,條件下,,,,在現(xiàn),有,有流量,矩,矩陣的,基,基礎(chǔ)上,,,,通過,反,反復調(diào),整,整迭代,得,得到預(yù),測,測的流,量,量矩陣,,,,其迭,代,代計算,過,過程如,圖,圖所示,。,。,11/8/2022,17,輸入原始,流,流量矩陣a,ij,及預(yù)測的,來,來去業(yè)務(wù),量,量q,j,和y,i,平衡來去,業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)量,q,j,=q,j,(q,j,/y,i,),計算各局,去,去業(yè)務(wù)量,行調(diào)整,計算各局,來,來業(yè)務(wù)量,計算來,業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)量,最,最大差,值,值,百分比,E,為事,先,先給定,的,的允許,誤,誤差,列調(diào)整,否,是,輸出
15、、,打,打印流,量,量矩陣a,ij,例:某,電,電信網(wǎng),有,有三個,局,局,經(jīng),調(diào),調(diào)查統(tǒng),計,計得現(xiàn),有,有流量,矩,矩陣表,:,:,j i,1,2,3,y,i,1,0,500,1000,1500,2,400,0,100,500,3,800,200,0,1000,q,j,1200,700,1100,3000,11/8/2022,19,預(yù)測出,局,局去話,量,量如下,:,:,y1=4500y2,=2000y3=5000,yi,=11500,各局的,來,來話量,預(yù),預(yù)測值,為,為:,q1=3600q2,=2800q3=5500,qj,=11900,11/8/2022,20,第一次,行,行調(diào)整,結(jié)
16、,結(jié)果,j i,1,2,3,y,i,1,0,1500,3000,4500,2,1600,0,400,2000,3,4000,1000,0,5000,q,j,5600,2500,3400,q,j,3479,2706,5315,11/8/2022,21,第一次,列,列調(diào)整,結(jié),結(jié)果,j i,1,2,3,y,i,y,i,1,0,1642,4690,6314,4500,2,994,0,625,1619,2000,3,2485,1082,0,3567,5000,q,j,3479,2706,5315,11/8/2022,22,第六次調(diào)整,后,后的結(jié)果,j i,1,2,3,y,i,y,i,誤差,1,0,672,3942,4614,4500,2.5%,2,651,0,1373,2024,2000,1.2%,3,2828,2034,0,4862,5000,2.8%,q,j,3479,2706,5315,11/8/2022,23,2、吸,引,引系數(shù)法,吸引系數(shù)法,是,是在已知各,局,局的預(yù)測去,業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)量的條,件,件下,在現(xiàn),有,有流量矩陣,的,的基礎(chǔ)上通,過,過計算局間,吸,吸引系數(shù)來,求,求得預(yù)測流,