驅(qū)動軸機械加工工藝和銑鍵槽專用夾具設(shè)計
驅(qū)動軸機械加工工藝和銑鍵槽專用夾具設(shè)計,驅(qū)動,機械,加工,工藝,鍵槽,專用,夾具,設(shè)計
B–64114EN/01
PROGRAMMING
8. COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION
29
8.3
DECIMAL POINT PROGRAMMING
Explanations
Examples
Numerical values can be entered with a decimal point. A decimal point can be used when entering a distance, time, or speed. Decimal points can be specified with the following addresses:
X, Y, Z, U, V, W, A, B, C, I, J, K, R, and F.
There are two types of decimal point notation: calculator–type notation and standard notation.
When calculator–type decimal notation is used, a value without decimal point is considered to be specified in millimeters. When standard decimal notation is used, such a value is considered to be specified in least input increments. Select either calculator–type or standard decimal notation by using the DPI bit (bit 0 of parameter 3401).Values can be specified both with and without decimal point in a single program.
Program command
Pocket calculator type decimal point programming
Standard type decimal point programming
X1000
Command value with- out decimal point
1000mm
Unit : mm
1mm
Unit : Least input increment
(0.001 mm)
X1000.0
Command value with decimal point
1000mm
Unit : mm
1000mm
Unit : mm
WARNING
In a single block, specify a G code before entering a value. The position of decimal point may depend on the command.
Examples:
G20; Input in inches
X1.0 G04; X1.0 is considered to be a distance and processed as X10000. This command is equivalent to G04 X10000. The tool dwells for 10 seconds.
G04 X1.0; Equivalent to G04 X1000. The tool dwells for one second.
NOTE
1 Fractions less than the least input increment are truncated.
Examples:
X1.23456; Truncated to X1.234 when the least input increment is 0.001 mm.
Processed as X1.2345 when the least input increment is 0.0001 inch.
2 When more than eight digits are specified, an alarm occurs. If a value is entered with a decimal point, the number of digits is also checked after the value is converted to an integer according to the least input increment.
Examples:
X1.23456789; P/S alarm 003 occurs because more than eight digits are specified.
X123456.7; If the least input increment is 0.001 mm, the value is converted to integer
123456700. Because the integer has more than eight digits, an P/S alarm 003 occurs.
B-64114CM/01 編程 8. 坐標(biāo)值和尺寸
8.3
小數(shù)點編程
數(shù)值可以用小數(shù)點輸入。距離、時間或速度的輸入可使用小數(shù)點。下列地 址可用小數(shù)點：
X，Y，Z，U，V，W，A，B，C，I，J，K，R和F。
說明 有兩種類型的小數(shù)點表示法：計算器型表示法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示法。當(dāng)用計算 器型表示法時，不帶小數(shù)點的值的單位認(rèn)為是mm。當(dāng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示法時，
這樣的值以最小輸入增量為單位指定。小數(shù)點表示法的選擇由3401號參數(shù) 的第0位(DPI)確定。帶小數(shù)點和不帶小數(shù)點的值可在一個程序中指定。
例
程序指令
袖珍計算器型 小數(shù)點編程
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型小 數(shù)點編程
X1000不帶小數(shù) 點指令值
1000mm
單位：mm
1mm
單位：最小輸入增量單位
(0.001mm)
X1000.0 帶小數(shù) 點指令值
1000mm
單位：mm
1000mm
單位：mm
警告
在一個單獨的程序段中，輸入數(shù)值之前指定G20/G21代碼。小數(shù)點的位置取決于指令。
例如：
G20；英輸入
X1.0 G04；X1.0被當(dāng)做距離并且被處理為X10000.該指令等效于G04X10000.刀具暫停10秒
G04X1.0；等效于G04 X1000.刀具暫停1秒
注
1. 小于最小輸入增量單位的小數(shù)被舍去
例如：
X1.23456；當(dāng)最小輸入增量單位是0.001mm時，處理為X1.234，當(dāng)最小輸入增量單位是0.0001inch時，處理成X1.2345
2. 當(dāng)指定多于8位數(shù)時，產(chǎn)生報警。如果輸入帶小數(shù)點的值，將該值按照最小輸入增量單位轉(zhuǎn)換為整數(shù)后 也要檢查其位數(shù)。
例如：
X1.23456789；產(chǎn)生003號P/S報警，因為指定了多于8位的數(shù)。
X123456.7；如果最小輸入增量單位是0.001mm，該值轉(zhuǎn)換為整數(shù)是123456700。因為整數(shù)超過8位，產(chǎn)生003號P/S報警
8. COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION
PROGRAMMING
B–64114EN/01
8.4
DIAMETER AND RADIUS PROGRAMMING
Since the work cross section is usually circular in CNC lathe control programming, its dimensions can be specified in two ways :
Diameter and Radius
When the diameter is specified, it is called diameter programming and when the radius is specified, it is called radius programming.
A
B
R2
R1
D1
D2
X axis
D1, D2 : Diameter programming
R1, R2 : Radius programming
Z axis
Explanations
●Notes on diameter programming/radius programming for each command
Radius programming or diameter programming can be specified by parameter DIA (No.1006#3). When using diameter programming, note the conditions listed in the table 8.4.
Table 8.4 Notes on specifying diameter value
Item
Notes
X axis command
Specified with a diameter value
Incremental command
Specified with a diameter value
In the above figure, specifies D2 minus D1 for tool path B to A.
Coordinate system setting (G50)
Specifies a coordinate value with a diame- ter value
Component of tool offset value
Parameter (No.5004#1) determines either diameter or radius value
Parameters in canned cycle, such as cutting depth along X axis. (R)
Specifies a radius value
Radius designation in circular in- terpolation (R, I, K, and etc.)
Specifies a radius value
Feedrate along axis
Specifies change of radius/rev. or change of radius/min.
Display of axis position
Displayed as diameter value
B-64114CM/01 編程 8. 坐標(biāo)值和尺寸
8.4
直徑編程和 半徑編程
因為在CNC車床控制程序中工件橫截面通常是圓，所以其尺寸可用兩種方 法指令：
直徑和半徑 當(dāng)用直徑指令時，叫做直徑編程；當(dāng)用半徑指令時，叫做半徑編程。
說明
? 關(guān)于直徑編程/半徑編程 半徑編程或直徑編程由1006號參數(shù)的第3位(DIA)設(shè)定。使用直徑編程 注意事項 時，注意表8.4中所列的條件。
表8.4 關(guān)于指令直徑值的注意事項
項目
注釋
X軸指令
用直徑值指定
增量指令
用直徑值指定。在上圖中，對刀具軌跡B到A
用D2減D1指定
坐標(biāo)系設(shè)定(G50)
用直徑值指定坐標(biāo)值
刀偏值分量
由5004號參數(shù)的第1位決定是直徑值或半徑 值
固定循環(huán)參數(shù)，如沿X
軸切深(R)
指定半徑值
圓弧插補中的半徑
(R，1，K等)
指定半徑值
沿軸進給速度
指定半徑的變化/轉(zhuǎn)或半徑的變化/分
軸位置顯示
按直徑值顯示
B–64114EN/01
PROGRAMMING
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
9 SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
The spindle speed can be controlled by specifying a value following address S.
In addition, the spindle can be rotated by a specified angle. This chapter contains the following topics.
9.1 SPECIFYING THE SPINDLE SPEED WITH A CODE
9.2 SPECIFYING THE SPINDLE SPEED VALUE DIRECTLY (S5–DIGIT COMMAND)
9.3 CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED CONTROL (G96, G97)
9.4 SPINDLE SPEED FLUCTUATION DETECTION FUNCTION (G25, G26)
9.5 SPINDLE POSITIONING FUNCTION
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
9 主軸速度功能
用地址 S 及其后面的數(shù)值指令主軸速度。 此外，主軸還可以按指定角度回轉(zhuǎn)。 本章包括下列內(nèi)容：
9.1 用代碼指定主軸速度
9.2 直接指定主軸速度值(S5 位數(shù)指令)
9.3 恒表面切削速度控制(G96、G97)
9.4 主軸速度波動檢測功能(G25，G26)
9.5 主軸定位功能
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
PROGRAMMING
B–64114EN/01
9.1
SPECIFYING THE SPINDLE SPEED WITH A CODE
9.2
SPECIFYING THE SPINDLE SPEED VALUE DIRECTLY (S5–DIGIT COMMAND)
Specifying a value following address S sends code and strobe signals to the machine. On the machine, the signals are used to control the spindle speed. A block can contain only one S code. Refer to the appropriate manual provided by the machine tool builder for details such as the number of digits in an S code or the execution order when a move command and an S code command are in the same block.
The spindle speed can be specified directly by address S followed by a five–digit value (min–1). The unit for specifying the spindle speed may vary depending on the machine tool builder. Refer to the appropriate manual provided by the machine tool builder for details.
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
9.1
用代碼指定
主軸速度
9.2
直接指定
主軸速度值
(S5 位數(shù)指令)
主軸速度代碼為地址 S 及其后面的數(shù)值。代碼信號和選通信號送到機床。 在機床上，該信號用于控制主軸速度。一個程序段只能包含一個 S 代碼。 至于更詳細(xì)的情況，如 S 代碼后跟幾位數(shù)，或當(dāng)運動指令和 S 代碼指令在 同一個程序段中執(zhí)行次序等，請見機床制造商的說明書。
S 后可指令 5 位數(shù)(min-1)以直接指定主軸速度。主軸速度的指令單位取決 于機床的設(shè)定。詳見機床制造商的說明書。
B–64114EN/01
PROGRAMMING
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
9.3
CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED CONTROL
(G96, G97)
Format
●Constant surface speed control command
●Constant surface speed control cancel command
●Clamp of maximum spindle speed
Specify the surface speed (relative speed between the tool and workpiece) following S. The spindle is rotated so that the surface speed is constant regardless of the position of the tool.
G96 S〇〇〇〇〇;
Surface speed (m/min or feet/min)
Note : This surface speed unit may change according to machine tool builder’s specification.
G97 S〇〇〇〇〇;
Spindle speed (min–1)
Note : This surface speed unit may change according to machine tool builder’s specification.
G50 S_ ; The maximum spindle speed (min–1) follows S.
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
在 S 后指定表面速度(刀具與工件間的相對速度)。主軸回轉(zhuǎn)而表面
速度保持恒定，與刀具位置無關(guān)。
9．3
恒表面切削
速度控制
（G96，G97）
指令格式
? 恒表面速度切 削的控制指令
G96 S 〇〇〇〇〇;
↑表面速度(米/分或英尺/分)
注：此表面速度的單位根據(jù)制造商的設(shè)定而變化
? 恒表面切削 速度控制的
取消指令
G97 S 〇〇〇〇〇;
↑主軸速度(min-1)
? 最大主軸 速度箝制
G50 S_； S 后跟最大主軸速度值(min-1)
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
PROGRAMMING
B–64114EN/01
Explanations
●Constant surface speed control command (G96)
G96 (constant surface speed control command) is a modal G code. After a G96 command is specified, the program enters the constant surface speed control mode (G96 mode) and specified S values are assumed as a surface speed. A G96 command must specify the axis along which constant surface speed control is applied. A G97 command cancels the G96 mode.When constant surface speed control is applied, a spindle speed higher than the value specified in G50S_; (maximum spindle speed) is clamped at the maximum spindle speed. When the power is turned on, the maximum spindle speed is not yet set and the speed is not clamped.S (surface speed) commands in the G96 mode are assumed as S
= 0 (the surface speed is 0) until M03 (rotating the spindle in the positive direction) or M04 (rotating the spindle in the negative direction) appears in the program.
Fig. 9.3 (a) Relation between workpiece radius, and surface speed
Spindle speed (min–1)
The spindle speed (min–1) almost coincides with the surface speed (m/min) at approx. 160 mm (radius).
spindle speed
●Setting the workpiece coordinate system for constant surface speed control
To execute the constant surface speed control, it is necessary to set the work coordinate system , Z axis, (axis to which the constant surface speed control applies) becomes zero.
X
Z
0
Fig. 9.3 (b) Example of the workpiece coordinate system for constant surface speed control
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
說明
? 恒表面切削速度控制指 令(G96)
G96(恒表面切削速度控制指令)是模態(tài) G 代碼。在指定 G96 指令后，程序 進入恒表面速度控制方式(G96 方式)且以指定 S 值作為表面速度。G96 指 令必須指定恒表面切削速度控制應(yīng)用那個軸。G97 指令取消 G96 方式。在 用恒表面切削速度控制時，主軸速度若高于 G50S_；(最大主軸速度)中規(guī) 定的值，就被箝在最大主軸速度。若通電時尚未指定最大主軸速度，則主 軸速度不被箝制。在 G96 程序段的 S(表面速度)指令被當(dāng)作 S=0(表面速度
是 0)，直到程序中出現(xiàn) M03(主軸正轉(zhuǎn))或 M04(主軸反轉(zhuǎn))。
圖 9.3(a) 工件半徑、主軸速度和表面速度之間的關(guān)系
? 為恒表面切削速度控制設(shè)定 工件坐標(biāo)系
為執(zhí)行恒表面切削速度控制，必須設(shè)定工件坐標(biāo)系。使 X 軸(用恒表面切 削速度控制的軸)的中心坐標(biāo)值為 0。
圖9.3(b) 恒表面切削速度控制的工件坐標(biāo)系
B–64114EN/01
PROGRAMMING
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
●Surface speed specified in the G96 mode
G96 mode G97 mode
Specify the surface speed in m/min
(or feet/min)
G97 command
Store the surface speed in m/min
(or feet/min)
Specified
Command for the spindle speed
The specified spindle speed (min–1) is used
Not specified
The surface speed (m/min or feet/min) is converted to the spindle speed (min–1)
Commands other than G96
Specified
G96 command
The specified surface
speed is used
Command for the surface speed
Not specified
The stored surface speed (m/min or feet/min) is used. If no surface speed is stored, 0 is assumed.
Restrictions
●Constant surface speed control for threading
The constant surface speed control is also effective during threading. Accordingly, it is recommended that the constant surface speed control be invalidated with G97 command before starting the scroll threading and taper threading, because the response problem in the servo system may not be considered when the spindle speed changes.
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
? G96方式中指定
的表面速度
限制
? 螺紋切削時的 恒表面切削速度
恒表面切削速度控制在切削螺紋時也有效。因此，建議在開始渦形螺紋和 錐螺紋加工前用 G97 指令取消恒表面速度控制，因為可不考慮主軸速度變 化時伺服系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)問題。
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
PROGRAMMING
B–64114EN/01
●Constant surface speed control for rapid traverse (G00)
In a rapid traverse block specified by G00, the constant surface speed control is not made by calculating the surface speed to a transient change of the tool position, but is made by calculating the surface speed based on the position at the end point of the rapid traverse block, on the condition that cutting is not executed at rapid traverse.
Radius value
Programmed path
X
Tool path after offset
1
N16
N16
N15
N15
N14
N14
2
4
N11
3
N11
700
675
600
500
400
375
300
200
100
f600
Z
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
1475
1050
Example
N8 G00 X1000.0Z1400.0 ; N9 T33;
N11 X400.0Z1050.0;
N12 G50S3000 ; (Designation of max. spindle speed)
N13 G96S200 ; (Surface speed 200m/min)
N14 G01 Z 700.0F1000 ; N15 X600.0Z 400.0;
N16 Z ? ;
The CNC calculates the spindle speed which is proportional to the specified surface speed at the position of the programmed coordinate value on the X axis. This is not the value calculated according to the X axis coordinate after offset when offset is valid. At the end point N15 in the example above, the speed at 600 dia. (Which is not the turret center but the tool nose) is 200 m/min. If X axis coordinate value is negative, the CNC uses the absolute value.
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
? 快速移動時的恒表面切削速度控制(G00)
在指定的快速移動 G00 的程序段中，恒表面切削速度控制不是根據(jù)刀具 位置的瞬間變化計算表面速度，而是根據(jù)該段的終點計算的表面速度實現(xiàn)
控制的。因為快速移動時不切削。
例 N8 G00 X1000.0Z1400.0；
N9 T33；
N11 X400.0Z1050.0；
N12 G50S3000；(最大主軸速度給定) N13 G96S200；(表面速度 200 m/min) N14 G01 Z 700.0F1000；
N15 X600.0Z 400.0；
N16 Z...；
CNC 計算主軸速度，它正比于 X 軸上程編坐標(biāo)值指定的位置處的表面速 度。但這并不是根據(jù)偏置后的 X 坐標(biāo)值計算出來的值。在上例 N15 的終 點即直徑為 600 處(不是轉(zhuǎn)塔中心而是刀尖)的速度是 200m/min。如果 X 軸 坐標(biāo)值是負(fù)的，CNC 使用絕對值。
B–64114EN/01
PROGRAMMING
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
9.4
SPINDLE SPEED FLUCTUATION DETECTION FUNCTION
(G25, G26)
Format
With this function, an overheat alarm (No. 704) is raised when the spindle speed deviates from the specified speed due to machine conditions.
This function is useful, for example, for preventing the seizure of the guide bushing.
G26 enables spindle speed fluctuation detection. G25 disables spindle speed fluctuation detection.
G26 Pp Qq Rr ;
G25 ;
Spindle fluctuation detection on
Spindle fluctuation detection off
p : Time (in ms) from the issue of a new spindle rotation command (S command) to the start of checking whether the actual spindle speed is so fast that an overheat can occur.
When a specified speed is reached within the time period of P, spindle speed is checked at that time.
q : Tolerance (%) of a specified spindle speed
q = 1–actual spindle speed × 100
specified spindle speed
If a specified spindle speed lies within this range, it is regarded as having reached the specified value. Then, an actual spindle speed is checked.
r : Spindle speed fluctuation (%) at which the actual spindle speed is so fast that an overheat can occur
r= 1–speed that can cause overheat × 100
specified spindle speed
G26 enables the spindle speed fluctuation detection function, and G25 disables the spindle speed fluctuation detection.
Even if G25 is specified, p, q, and r are not cleared.
. 主軸速度功能 編程 B-64114CM/01
9.4
主軸速度波
動檢測功能(G25，G26)
指令格式
使用此功能，當(dāng)主軸速度由于機床的原因而偏離指定的速度時，產(chǎn)生 704
號過熱報警。此功能是有用的，例如，防止軸瓦卡住。
G26 使主軸速度波動檢測功能生效
G25 取消主軸速度波動檢測功能
G26PpQqRr； 主軸波動檢測功能生效
G25； 主軸波動檢測取消
p：從發(fā)出主軸回轉(zhuǎn)指令(S 指令)到開始檢查發(fā)生過熱時的主軸速度(即從 發(fā)出 S 指令到檢查開始)的時間，以 ms 為單位。
如果在 p 期間內(nèi)到達(dá)指定的速度，就在此刻檢查主軸速度。
q：指令的主軸速度的容差(%)
q = 1 ? 實際的主軸度 指定的主軸速度
×100
如果速度處于此范圍內(nèi)，就認(rèn)為已經(jīng)到達(dá)了指定值。于是，進行實際 主軸速度的檢查。
r：主軸速度的波動范圍(%)，在此范圍內(nèi)將出現(xiàn)過熱。
r = 1 ? 能引起過熱的度 指定的主軸速度
×100
G26 使主軸速度波動檢測功能生效，G25 取消主軸速度波動檢測功能。 即使指令了 G25，p、q 和 r 也不被清除。
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
PROGRAMMING
B–64114EN/01
Explanations
The fluctuation of the spindle speed is detected as follows:
1. When an alarm is issued after a specified spindle speed is reached
Spindle speed
r
q d Specified
q d speed
r
Actual speed
Check
No check
Check
Specification of another speed
Start of check Alarm
Time
2. When an alarm is issued before a specified spindle speed is reached
Spindle speed
r
q d Specified
q d speed
r
p Actual speed
Check
No check
Check
Specification of another speed
Start of check Alarm
Time
Specified speed :
(Speed specified by address S and five–digit value)
(spindle override)
Actual speed : Speed detected with a position coder
p : Time elapses since the specified speed changes until a check starts.
q : (Percentage tolerance for a check to start) (specified speed)
r : (Percentage fluctuation detected as an alarm condition)
(specified speed)
d : Fluctuation detected as an alarm (specified in parameter 4913)
An alarm is issued when the difference between the specified speed and the actual speed exceeds both r and d.
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
說明 主軸速度的波動檢測如下：
1. 報警發(fā)生在指定的主軸速度到達(dá)以后
指定的 速度
指定另外的速度
2. 報警發(fā)生在到達(dá)指定的主軸
指定的速度
0
指定的速度：
(由地址 S 和 5 位數(shù)指定的速度)×(主軸倍率) 實際速度：用位置編碼器檢測的速度
p：從指定的速度改變起到檢查開始的時間
q：(開始檢查的容差百分比)×(指定的速度)
r：(檢測報警條件的波動百分比)×(指定的速度)
d：檢測報警的波動(由 4913 號參數(shù)設(shè)定)
當(dāng)指定的速度和實際速度之差超過 r 和 d 時發(fā)出報警。
B–64114EN/01
PROGRAMMING
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
NOTE
1 When an alarm is issued in automatic operation, a single
block stop occurs. The spindle overheat alarm is indicated on the CRT screen, and the alarm signal “SPAL” is output (set to 1 for the presence of an alarm). This signal is cleared
by resetting.
2 Even when reset operation is performed after an alarm occurs, the alarm is issued again unless the cause of the alarm is corrected.
3 No check is made during spindle stop state (*SSTP = 0).
4 By setting the parameter (No. 4913), an allowable range of speed fluctuations can be set which suppresses the
occurrence of an alarm. However, an alarm is issued one second later if the actual speed is found to be 0 min–1.
5 The values of p, q, and r specified in the G26 block are set
in the following parameters. If the specification of p, q, or r is omitted, the value set in the corresponding parameter is referenced.
p : Parameter No. 4914 q : Parameter No. 4911 r : Parameter No. 4912
6 Bit 0 (FLR) of parameter No. 4900 can be used to specify
0.1% as the units of the specified q and r values.
B-64114CM/01 編程 9. 主軸速度功能
注
1．在自動運行中發(fā)出報警時，出現(xiàn)單程序段停止。主軸過熱報警顯 示在 CRT 屏幕上，同時輸出報警信號 SPAL(報警信號出現(xiàn)時置為
1)。此信號由復(fù)位清除。
2．在報警出現(xiàn)后即使進行復(fù)位操作，報警仍再出現(xiàn)，除非正確地排 除了故障，報警才清除。
3．在主軸停止?fàn)顟B(tài)不進行檢查(*SSTP = 0)。
4．4913 號參數(shù)可以設(shè)定抑制報警的速度波動允許范圍。但是如果實 際的主軸速度為 0min-1，則在 1 秒后會出現(xiàn)報警。
5．在 G26 程序段中可以指定 p，q 和 r 的值被設(shè)定在下列參數(shù)中。
如果 p，q 或 r 被省略的話，可以參考參數(shù)中的值。
P：參數(shù) 4914
Q：參數(shù) 4911
R：參數(shù) 4912
6．參數(shù) 4900 的第 0 位（FLR）可以用來指定 0.1%為 p 和 q 值的單位。
9. SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION
PROGRAMMING
B–64114EN/01
9.5
SPINDLE POSITIONING FUNCTION
9.5.1
Spindle Orientation
9.5.2
Spindle Positioning
●Positioning with a semi–fixed angle specified by an M code
In turning, the spindle connected to the spindle motor is rotated at a certain speed to rotate the workpiece mounted
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