2020高中英語人教版 選修8教師用書：Unit 2 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 復(fù)習(xí)同位語 一、同位語 同位語是句子成分的一種，主要用于對名詞進(jìn)行解釋與說明?？沙洚?dāng)同位語的有名詞(詞組)、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞(短語)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)及從句等。 1．名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞充當(dāng)同位語 I live with my uncle Tom. 我和湯姆叔叔住在一起。 We each put forward a proposal. 我們每人提出了一個建議。 She is the oldest among them six. 她是他們6人中年紀(jì)最大的。 2．名

2、詞詞組、形容詞(詞組)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)等充當(dāng)同位語 Zhu Zhiwen, a diligent farmer and brilliant singer, is really a hit throughout China. 朱之文，一位勤勞的農(nóng)民、才華橫溢的歌唱家，轟動了全中國。 Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished? 逃避懲罰，這就是你的目的？ 二、同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，i

3、nformation，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名詞的后面，對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。 1．同位語從句的連接詞 主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。其中that, whether不作成分，that無實際意義，whether意為“是否”；其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不能省略。 The news that he was punished soon spread on the Internet. 他被懲罰的消

4、息很快在因特網(wǎng)上傳開了。 The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. 我們是否繼續(xù)做這個實驗的問題已經(jīng)被解決。 I have no idea where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。 [考題印證] ①(重慶高考改編)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that’s one o

5、f his favorite universities. ②(浙江高考改編)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field. ③(江蘇高考改編)The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed. ④(重慶高考改編)Evidence has been found through y

6、ears of study thatchildren’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 2．同位語從句的注意事項 (1)分隔式同位語從句：有時同位語從句與其所解釋說明的名詞會被其他成分隔開，從而形成分隔式同位語從句，這樣做主要是為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕。 A saying goes that practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧是諺語。 (2)名詞suggestion, order, demand, command, request等后的同位語從句要使

7、用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“(should＋)do”。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. 老師給了我們一些如何使用電腦的建議。 (3)名詞doubt (懷疑)后的同位語從句用whether引導(dǎo)；no doubt (毫無疑問)后的同位語從句用that引導(dǎo)。 We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我們懷疑他們能否按時完成任務(wù)。 There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will k

8、eep his promise. 張衛(wèi)會守信的，這是毫無疑問的。 3．同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 同位語從句 定語從句 功能不同 說明名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容 說明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征、來源等 that 不作成分，起連接作用，不可省略 作主語、賓語或表語，起連接作用；并且作從句的賓語時可省略，指物時可用which代替 whether/how 不作成分，起連接作用“是否”；“如何” 不引導(dǎo)定語從句 wh類連接詞 作成分，起連接作用，有自己的含義，但與先行詞之間無關(guān) 作成分，起連接作用，沒有自己的含義，但是代替先行詞在從句中作成分 Jim got to know th

9、e news that the whole village was in great danger. 吉姆得知整個村子都處在極度危險中的消息。(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明the news的內(nèi)容) Do you know the news (that/which) Jim told me? 你知道吉姆告訴我的那個消息嗎？(that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作賓語) Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．I have no idea when he will come back. 2．The question whether we need more time to do t

10、he work or not has not been discussed. 3．We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. 4．The news that they won the match is true. 5．The news that/which you told us yesterday is true. 6．Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into unive

11、rsities. Ⅱ.將下列每組句子合并成一個帶同位語從句的復(fù)合句 1．Will the sports meeting be held on time? The question will be discussed tomorrow. The_question_whether_the_sports_meeting_will_be_held_on_time_will_be_discussed_tomorrow. 2．The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news. We_are_gla

12、d_at_the_news_that_the_headmaster_will_join_us_in_hiking_this_Sunday. 3．Where are we going for the holiday? Have you thought about the question? Have_you_thought_about_the_question_where_we_are_going_for_the_holiday? 4．A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterda

13、y. The_message_that_a_new_teacher_will_teach_us_English_next_term_reached_me_yesterday. 5．How did the accident come about? The driver refused to answer the policeman’s question. The_driver_refused_to_answer_the_policeman’s_question_how_the_accident_came_about. 如何寫議論文 假如你叫李華，是一位高中生。隨著科技的發(fā)展，i

14、Pad已成為中學(xué)生的新寵。用iPad既可聽音樂、閱讀純文本電子書，又可玩電子游戲。請你用英語給某英語報社寫一封信，談?wù)勚袑W(xué)生使用iPad的情況。信的內(nèi)容須包括以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．使用iPad對學(xué)習(xí)的好處； 2．對課堂紀(jì)律和學(xué)習(xí)可能產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響； 3．提出自己的建議并說明理由。 注意：可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，詞數(shù)100左右。Dear Editor， ①I’m a senior high school student, named Li Hua.②Now many students have iPads and think it’s a fashion to use them.③Using an iP

15、ad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them on the screen.④Apparently, it is helpful to our study, especially to our English listening. ⑤Some students, however, bring their iPads to classroom and listen to music with earphones, which makes the teacher and other st

16、udents greatly annoyed.⑥Some of them even waste precious time in class playing video games. ⑦In my opinion, as a student, we should make good use of iPad to help achieve academic success.⑧Our classroom is a place for students to study, and therefore concentration is awfully needed for us to learn o

17、ur lessons.⑨Furthermore, the school should make it a rule to guide the students to use iPads in a proper way. Yours， Li Hua 第一段：說明了使用iPad的好處； 第二段：說明了使用iPad的弊端； 第三段：提出自己的建議。 亮點(diǎn)一：較為復(fù)雜句式、結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用。如①句中采用named Li Hua過去分詞短語作定語；③句為非謂語動詞作狀語的用法；⑤句使用了which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。 亮點(diǎn)二：連詞、副詞等的恰當(dāng)使用使得文章上下文連貫，渾然一體，上下句

18、之間、段與段之間非常緊湊。如④句中especially一詞的使用；⑤句中轉(zhuǎn)折詞however的使用；⑨句中表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的furthermore的使用等。 亮點(diǎn)三：另外，整篇文章非常注重長短句的結(jié)合，這樣使讀者讀起來跌宕起伏，很具有藝術(shù)色彩，也使文章富有節(jié)奏感和美感。 議論文是一種以議論為主要表達(dá)方式的文體，就是擺事實、講道理，并要求通過多方面的分析，把道理說通、說透。 1．篇章特點(diǎn) 議論文有三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)的基本要求是：觀點(diǎn)正確，認(rèn)真概括，有實際意義；論據(jù)的基本要求是：真實可靠，充分典型；論證的基本要求是：推理必須符合邏輯，恰當(dāng)?shù)鼐C合運(yùn)用各種表達(dá)方式。 2．主要形

19、式 (1)辯論式議論文：綜述辯論內(nèi)容→表達(dá)正方觀點(diǎn)和理由→表達(dá)反方觀點(diǎn)及理由→陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。 (2)批駁式議論文：表述錯誤觀點(diǎn)及其理由→表達(dá)與該觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)及理由→陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。 (3)反映社會現(xiàn)象式議論文：提出一種社會現(xiàn)象→表達(dá)該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因→陳述對社會和生活的影響→闡述如何杜絕該現(xiàn)象及對前景的預(yù)測。 3．寫作步驟 (1)開頭(引論)，用以引出一個令人關(guān)注的問題。 (2)主體(本論)，是全文的主要部分，對提出的問題進(jìn)行分析、推論，運(yùn)用材料對觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證，使論點(diǎn)得到充分的支持。 (3)結(jié)尾(結(jié)論)，對主題部分作出概括，總結(jié)論點(diǎn)所要講解、論證的問題。 [黃金表達(dá)]

20、1．提出議題 ①A recent survey shows that ... ②There is a heated debate over ... ③As can be seen from the table/graph/picture ... 2．分析問題 ④first of all, for one thing ... for another ...; on the contrary; on the one hand, on the other hand; last but not least ... ⑤People hold different views abo

21、ut ... ⑥D(zhuǎn)ifferent students have different views/opinions. ⑦There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. ⑧On the whole, there are two different opinions on the problem. ⑨ ... while others take an opposite side, some firmly believe that ... 3．得出結(jié)論 ⑩in my opinion; as far as I am concerned ?A

22、s for me, I agree with the former/latter idea. ?Personally, I agree with ... 目前，越來越多的中學(xué)生利用周末上各種各樣的培訓(xùn)班或請家教。對于這一現(xiàn)象，存在兩種不同觀點(diǎn)： 有必要 沒有必要 有老師輔導(dǎo)比自己學(xué)好；有更多機(jī)會和老師互動；可以彌補(bǔ)上課錯過或沒聽懂的東西 容易養(yǎng)成依賴習(xí)慣；學(xué)生需要時間休息和娛樂；導(dǎo)致有的學(xué)生在常規(guī)課堂上不認(rèn)真聽講 請根據(jù)以上提示，以“Are training classes or tutors necessary？”為題，寫一篇100詞左右的短文，反映表中內(nèi)容，并簡要闡述自

23、己的觀點(diǎn)。 說明：層次清晰，連貫流暢；表達(dá)靈活，不要逐字逐句翻譯。 參考詞匯：家庭教師tutor ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Are training classes or tutors necessary? Some think it necessary to do so. Firstly, it’s mo

24、re effective to study with a teacher’s help than by themselves. Secondly, you can have more chances to communicate with teachers. Besides, you can make up for what you miss or fail to understand in classes on weekdays. Others think it unnecessary. For one thing, students can easily form the habit

25、of dependence. For another, students need time for rest and recreation at weekend. What’s worse, attending training classes or hiring tutors even causes some students not to listen attentively in their regular classes. In my opinion, whether a training class or tutor is needed just depends. If you are really very weak at or interested in a certain subject, maybe it’s OK for you. But be sure to choose a good and suitable class or teacher, otherwise it would be a waste of time and money.