2020高中英語(yǔ)人教版 選修8教師用書(shū)：Unit 1 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) 一、名詞性從句的定義、分類及連接詞 1．定義 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。 2．分類 根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句(Subject Clause)、賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)、表語(yǔ)從句(Predictive Clause)和同位語(yǔ)從句(Appositive Clause)。 3．連接詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有連詞三個(gè)、連接代詞五個(gè)、連接副詞四個(gè)。 詞形 詞義 在從

2、句中所作的 成分　　　　　 連詞 that if/whether 是否 連接代詞 who(ever) (無(wú)論)誰(shuí)(主格) 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) whom(ever) (無(wú)論)誰(shuí)(賓格) 表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) whose(ever) (無(wú)論)誰(shuí)的(所有格) 定語(yǔ) what(ever) (無(wú)論)什么 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)　　　　　 which(ever) (無(wú)論)哪個(gè) 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) 連接副詞 when(ever) (無(wú)論)什么時(shí)候 狀語(yǔ) where(ever) (無(wú)論)在哪里 狀語(yǔ) how(ever) (無(wú)論)怎樣，怎么 狀語(yǔ)

3、 why 為什么 狀語(yǔ) 二、主語(yǔ)從句 1．主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 (1)that和whether/if：連接詞that在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，但不能省略；whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可位于復(fù)合句的句首，而if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能位于句首，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 That she was chosen made us very happy. 她的入選使我們很高興。 Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. ＝ It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on

4、time. 這項(xiàng)工作能否按時(shí)完成還不確定。 [考題印證]1 (山東高考改編)It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. (2)連接代詞有who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。連接代詞可在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 Who he is is not important. 他是誰(shuí)并不重要。 Whatever he said is right. 他所說(shuō)的話都是對(duì)的。 Who

5、ever gets the job will have a lot of things to do. 任何得到這份工作的人都將有很多事情要做。 [考題印證]2 (重慶高考改編)What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. (3)連接副詞(when, where, how, why, however等)。連接副詞通常在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery. 囚犯是怎樣逃脫的仍是個(gè)謎。 When we will star

6、t off is an important question. 我們何時(shí)出發(fā)是個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。 [考題印證]3 (陜西高考改編)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 2．主語(yǔ)從句與形式主語(yǔ)it 基本句型結(jié)構(gòu) 常用詞語(yǔ) It is＋名詞＋ that從句 常用的名詞有a fact, a shame, a pity, no wonder等 It is＋形容詞＋that從句 常用的形容詞有necessary, strange, important, possible等。形容詞為impor

7、tant, necessary等時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形” It is＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句 常用的過(guò)去分詞有said, reported, decided, believed, suggested, ordered等。過(guò)去分詞為suggested, ordered等表“建議，命令”等的詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形” It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))＋that從句 常用的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有seem, happen, turn out等 It’s a pity that you missed the film. 你錯(cuò)過(guò)了那部電影真是遺憾。

8、It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。 It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建議會(huì)議延期召開(kāi)。 It seems that they will win the game. 看起來(lái)他們會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。 [考題印證]4 ①(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷改編)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. ②(山東高考改編)It doesn’t

9、 matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. ③(江西高考改編)It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 3．主語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng) ①?gòu)木涞恼Z(yǔ)序：在任何情況下，主語(yǔ)從句都用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 ②主謂一致：從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式；但what和who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)依據(jù)作表語(yǔ)的名詞而定。 Who did this is still unknown. 這件事是誰(shuí)做的還不知道。 What

10、they need are books. 他們需要的是書(shū)。 What they need is love. 他們需要的是愛(ài)。 三、賓語(yǔ)從句 1．賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, if/whether (是否), 連接代詞(who, whom, what, whoever, whatever等)和連接副詞(when, where, why, how)等。如： He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.(在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體的單個(gè)或首個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，“that”?？墒÷? 他告訴我他明年會(huì)上大學(xué)。 H

11、e didn’t tell me when we would meet again. 他沒(méi)有告訴我我們什么時(shí)候會(huì)再見(jiàn)面。 [考題印證]5 (福建高考改編)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do. 2．動(dòng)詞、形容詞和介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞后都可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句，需要注意的是： ①demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等表要求、命令、建議的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)常用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”； ②若主句謂語(yǔ)是find, feel, co

12、nsider, make, believe, think等，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句置于賓補(bǔ)后； ③有些動(dòng)詞接從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞主要有hate, take, appreciate等。 The teacher suggested that we (should) review it. 老師建議我們復(fù)習(xí)一下它。 We all find it important that we make a quick decision. 我們都認(rèn)為立刻做出決定很重要。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of f

13、ood. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話。 I’d appreciate it if you come to help me. 如果你來(lái)幫我，我將不勝感激。 (2)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句：一般情況下，介詞后常接wh類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。而except, but等少數(shù)介詞后也可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 We are talking about whether we should admit students into our club. 我們正在討論的是我們是否應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。 He was not conscious of what an important discover

14、y he had made. 他沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他有了一個(gè)多么重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 The paper was perfect except that there were some misprints. 除了一些印刷錯(cuò)誤之外，這篇論文很好。 [考題印證]6 (遼寧高考改編)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for whatever he could find about Mark Twain. 3．賓語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng) (1)動(dòng)詞＋it＋形容詞或慣用搭配＋that從句。 [點(diǎn)津]　賓語(yǔ)從句在接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

15、之后，如think, make，consider等，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)為that從句。 We think it important that every citizen should have good manners. 我們認(rèn)為每個(gè)市民有禮貌是很重要的。 (2)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。這類句子變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)應(yīng)注意： ①若主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分別保持一致，且簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用肯定

16、形式； ②若主句主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分別保持一致，且簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用肯定形式。 I don’t think I can remember the 100 words within two hours. 我想我不能在兩小時(shí)內(nèi)記住這100個(gè)單詞。 I don’t think you are right, are you? 我認(rèn)為你是不對(duì)的，不是嗎？ You don’t imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試，是嗎？ 四、表語(yǔ)從句 1．從屬連詞whether, as, as if/though引導(dǎo)

17、的表語(yǔ)從句。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。 2．because, why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。 That’s because he was ill. 那是因?yàn)樗×恕?That’s because ...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因) That’s why he asked for a twoday leave. 那正是他請(qǐng)兩天假的原因。(That’s why ...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果) [點(diǎn)津]　The reason why ...is that ...“……的理由，是……”為固定句型。此時(shí)why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，

18、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that習(xí)慣上不用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me. 我難過(guò)的原因是他沒(méi)有理解我。 [考題印證]7 (山東高考改編)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. 3．連接詞(who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where, when，how等)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

19、The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她。 The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。 [考題印證]8 ①(江蘇高考改編)—What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I am not to blame, mum.I’m what you have made me. ②(北京高考改編)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal

20、. ③(四川高考改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s where I was born.” 4．連接詞that在表語(yǔ)從句中只起到連接作用，不作任何成分，但不可省略。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。 [考題印證]9 (北京高考改編)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather close

21、ly modeled on his own life. Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．What surprises me most is that he is too vain. 2．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question, because the earth will be too crowded. 3．When we will have a picnic depends on the weather.Any day will be OK for everyone during the holidays. 4．W

22、hich part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. 5．It has not been decided who will attend the meeting. 6．It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema. 7．That Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy. 8．Whether the President

23、 will attend the party or not is kept a secret. 9．It is necessary that he should learn about the whole matter. 10．Why the little boy died in a babysitter center in Yuxi of Yunnan Province remains a mystery now. Ⅱ.將下面句子合并或改為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句 1．English is being accepted as an international language. It

24、is a fact. It_is_a_fact_that_English_is_being_accepted_as_an_international_language. 2．It is generally considered unwise to give a child everything he or she wants. It_is_generally_considered_unwise_to_give_a_child_whatever_he_or_she_wants. 3．It used to be a quiet village. I still remember that

25、time. I_still_remember_when_it_used_to_be_a_quiet_village. 4．He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week. It_is_said_that_he_will_go_abroad_and_marry_an_American_girl_next_week. 5．He should report this accident to the police at once. This is my suggestion. My_suggestion_is_that

26、_he_should_report_this_accident_to_the_police_at_once. 6．Julie became a poet.It may have been due to her uncle’s influence. That_Julie_became_a_poet_may_have_been_due_to_her_uncle’s_influence. 7．Why did he choose Harvard University to further his studies? It is clear to everybody. Why_he_chose_H

27、arvard_University_to_further_his_studies_is_clear_to_everybody. 8．When will he return from New York? It depends a great deal on his health. When_he’ll_return_from_New_York_depends_a_great_deal_on_his_health. 9．Could you tell me it? Whether are you, the chairman, or vicechairman responsible for th

28、is financial problem? Could_you_tell_me_whether_you，the_chairman，or_vicechairman_is_responsible_for_this_financial_problem? 10．Tell me it.Which city do you need to go to if you want to take part in Mardi Gras? Tell_me_which_city_you_need_to_go_to_if_you_want_to_take_part_in_Mardi_Gras. 描述地點(diǎn)的說(shuō)明

29、文 假如你是李華，住在濱江。你的加拿大筆友Bob來(lái)信談到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家鄉(xiāng)濱江的情況。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一封回信?；匦彭毎ㄏ卤碇械膬?nèi)容。 自然情況 　　　　　　位于錢(qián)塘江邊，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美、適合居住 成就 　　　　　　1.過(guò)去十年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速 　　　　2.新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等 存在的問(wèn)題 　　　　　　1.水、空氣污染 　　　　2.交通擁擠 對(duì)濱江發(fā)展的看法 　　　　　　內(nèi)容由考生自己擬定 注意：1.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫； 2．詞數(shù)：100左右。 Dear Bob， ①I(mǎi)t’s very kind of you to write to m

30、e and let me know about your beautiful city.②Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown, Binjiang. ③The town，standing on the bank of the Qiantang River, is a beautiful place for people to live in.④Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years.⑤New factories, houses and ro

31、ads have been built.⑥Besides, more schools and hospitals are available for its people.⑦However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollutions and heavy traffic in rush hours. ⑧In my opinion, Binjiang should develop its economy scientifically.⑨I also think that the growth of its po

32、pulation should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in the future. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 分為三個(gè)段落進(jìn)行描述。條理清晰，層次分明。 第一段：禮貌導(dǎo)入。 第二段：居住城市的情況、成就及問(wèn)題。 第三段：對(duì)發(fā)展的看法。 1．為了使得本篇習(xí)作更加上檔次，作者使用了較高級(jí)的詞匯和豐富的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，如③句使用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)；④句中的develop rapidly；⑤句采用被動(dòng)形式使得句式富于變化；⑥句中available一詞的使用

33、；⑧句中“科學(xué)地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)”develop its economy scientifically；⑨句中bring ...under control的使用等。 2．長(zhǎng)短句交叉使用是本篇習(xí)作的另一亮點(diǎn)。為了使得文章更有文采、行文更加流暢，作者使用了長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合的方式。如⑨句用so that短語(yǔ)連接前后兩個(gè)分句；③句中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)位于句中；⑦句中such as的使用等都是本文鮮明的特點(diǎn)。 3．整篇習(xí)作中，作者巧妙地使用了恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞如however，besides等，使得行文連貫、緊湊，渾然一體。 如何寫(xiě)描述地點(diǎn)的說(shuō)明文 1．描寫(xiě)某地的景色或景觀時(shí)，一般要遵循的原則是：從總體到局部，

34、從外到內(nèi)。 2．這類文章一般包括三段：開(kāi)頭是總體介紹，引出主題；中間是正文，具體介紹此地的特色，如著名的建筑、風(fēng)景名勝等；第三部分是結(jié)尾。 3．描寫(xiě)某地的短文屬說(shuō)明文體，要弄清時(shí)間的立足點(diǎn)是“過(guò)去”“現(xiàn)在”，還是“將來(lái)”。 4．表達(dá)方式要有所變化，景物描寫(xiě)用詞容易重復(fù)、單調(diào)，因此寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)選用不同的句式和表達(dá)方式來(lái)描述事物，使表達(dá)方式多樣化。 [黃金表達(dá)]1．位置(location)： 1)lie in/to/on ...　　　　　 2)There lie(s) ... 3)be located/situated in　　 4)stretch along ... 5)at

35、 the foot of 2．面積(area)： 1)cover an area of ... 2)take up ... 3)have an area of ... 4)with an area of ... 5)the size of our city is ... 3．周邊環(huán)境(surroundings)： 1)face ... 2)surrounded by ... 3)There stand(s) ... 4．交通(transportation)： 1)It is very convenient for ... 2)The best/

36、nearest way to ... is ... 3)It takes ...to take a taxi from ... to ... 4)It is only a few bus stops from ... 5)It is within easy reach, not far from highway. 5．人口(population)： 1)have a population of ... 2)with a population of 3)The population of ...is ... 4)Forty percent of the pop

37、ulation are ... 5)There are ... 6．歷史(history)： 1)have a history of ... 2)with a history of ... 3)have witnessed too much ...in history 4)an old village for ... years 7．名勝(places of interest)： 1)be rich in 2)be known as ... 3)be famous for ... 4)be home to ... 5)attract ...

38、6) ...is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes. 8．特色(something special)： 1)The place is famous for ... 2)The special character of the place is ... 3)Something special of the place is ... 4)be native to .../a native of ... 假如你叫李明，應(yīng)美國(guó)筆友John的請(qǐng)求，給他發(fā)郵件簡(jiǎn)要介紹北京。信中至少包括以下要點(diǎn)： 1．概況：北京，中國(guó)首都，位于我

39、國(guó)北部，是一個(gè)古老而美麗的城市，古建筑和現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的建筑和諧相映。它是中國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的中心。 2．著名景點(diǎn)：長(zhǎng)城、故宮、天安門(mén)等。 3．文化：京劇，被稱為中國(guó)國(guó)粹。 4．特色美食：北京烤鴨。 注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右； 2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 參考詞匯：中國(guó)國(guó)粹quintessence of China 和諧相映blend harmoniously ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________

40、_______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Dear John， I am glad to tell

41、you something about Beijing. Beijing, the capital of China, is an ancient and beautiful city, which lies in the north part of the country.Various buildings of both ancient and modern styles are harmoniously blended.It is the center of politics, economy as well as culture in China. Beijing has man

42、y places of interest, among which are the Great Wall, one of the eight wonders of the world, the Palace Museum and Tian’anmen Square which is one of the largest city squares in the world. Regarding culture, Beijing Opera is regarded as the quintessence of China.You shouldn’t miss it if you come here. When staying in Beijing, one of the most unforgettable experiences is to taste the famous Beijing Roast Duck.It is very delicious and I enjoy it very much. Welcome to Beijing! Best wishes! Yours， Li Ming