2020高中英語人教版 選修8教師用書：Unit 1 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 名詞性從句作主語、賓語和表語 一、名詞性從句的定義、分類及連接詞 1．定義 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。 2．分類 根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句(Subject Clause)、賓語從句(Object Clause)、表語從句(Predictive Clause)和同位語從句(Appositive Clause)。 3．連接詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有連詞三個、連接代詞五個、連接副詞四個。 詞形 詞義 在從

2、句中所作的 成分　　　　　 連詞 that if/whether 是否 連接代詞 who(ever) (無論)誰(主格) 主語、表語、賓語 whom(ever) (無論)誰(賓格) 表語、賓語 whose(ever) (無論)誰的(所有格) 定語 what(ever) (無論)什么 主語、賓語、表語、定語　　　　　 which(ever) (無論)哪個 主語、賓語、定語 連接副詞 when(ever) (無論)什么時候 狀語 where(ever) (無論)在哪里 狀語 how(ever) (無論)怎樣，怎么 狀語

3、 why 為什么 狀語 二、主語從句 1．主語從句的連接詞 (1)that和whether/if：連接詞that在主語從句中不充當成分，但不能省略；whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句可位于復(fù)合句的句首，而if引導(dǎo)主語從句時不能位于句首，常用it作形式主語。 That she was chosen made us very happy. 她的入選使我們很高興。 Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. ＝ It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on

4、time. 這項工作能否按時完成還不確定。 [考題印證]1 (山東高考改編)It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. (2)連接代詞有who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。連接代詞可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。 Who he is is not important. 他是誰并不重要。 Whatever he said is right. 他所說的話都是對的。 Who

5、ever gets the job will have a lot of things to do. 任何得到這份工作的人都將有很多事情要做。 [考題印證]2 (重慶高考改編)What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. (3)連接副詞(when, where, how, why, however等)。連接副詞通常在從句中作狀語。 How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery. 囚犯是怎樣逃脫的仍是個謎。 When we will star

6、t off is an important question. 我們何時出發(fā)是個重要的問題。 [考題印證]3 (陜西高考改編)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 2．主語從句與形式主語it 基本句型結(jié)構(gòu) 常用詞語 It is＋名詞＋ that從句 常用的名詞有a fact, a shame, a pity, no wonder等 It is＋形容詞＋that從句 常用的形容詞有necessary, strange, important, possible等。形容詞為impor

7、tant, necessary等時，主語從句的謂語用“(should＋)動詞原形” It is＋過去分詞＋that從句 常用的過去分詞有said, reported, decided, believed, suggested, ordered等。過去分詞為suggested, ordered等表“建議，命令”等的詞時，主語從句的謂語用“(should＋)動詞原形” It＋不及物動詞(短語)＋that從句 常用的不及物動詞(短語)有seem, happen, turn out等 It’s a pity that you missed the film. 你錯過了那部電影真是遺憾。

8、It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 學(xué)生學(xué)好英語很重要。 It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建議會議延期召開。 It seems that they will win the game. 看起來他們會贏得這場比賽。 [考題印證]4 ①(新課標全國卷改編)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. ②(山東高考改編)It doesn’t

9、 matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. ③(江西高考改編)It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 3．主語從句的注意事項 ①從句的語序：在任何情況下，主語從句都用陳述句語序。 ②主謂一致：從句作主語時，主句的謂語一般用單數(shù)形式；但what和who引導(dǎo)主語從句時，有時主句謂語的數(shù)應(yīng)依據(jù)作表語的名詞而定。 Who did this is still unknown. 這件事是誰做的還不知道。 What

10、they need are books. 他們需要的是書。 What they need is love. 他們需要的是愛。 三、賓語從句 1．賓語從句的連接詞 賓語從句的連接詞有：that, if/whether (是否), 連接代詞(who, whom, what, whoever, whatever等)和連接副詞(when, where, why, how)等。如： He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.(在口語或非正式文體的單個或首個賓語從句中，“that”?？墒÷? 他告訴我他明年會上大學(xué)。 H

11、e didn’t tell me when we would meet again. 他沒有告訴我我們什么時候會再見面。 [考題印證]5 (福建高考改編)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do. 2．動詞、形容詞和介詞后的賓語從句 (1)大多數(shù)及物動詞后都可以跟賓語從句，需要注意的是： ①demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等表要求、命令、建議的動詞后的賓語從句的謂語常用“(should＋)動詞原形”； ②若主句謂語是find, feel, co

12、nsider, make, believe, think等，常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句置于賓補后； ③有些動詞接從句作賓語時要用it作形式賓語，這類動詞主要有hate, take, appreciate等。 The teacher suggested that we (should) review it. 老師建議我們復(fù)習一下它。 We all find it important that we make a quick decision. 我們都認為立刻做出決定很重要。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of f

13、ood. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。 I’d appreciate it if you come to help me. 如果你來幫我，我將不勝感激。 (2)介詞后的賓語從句：一般情況下，介詞后常接wh類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。而except, but等少數(shù)介詞后也可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We are talking about whether we should admit students into our club. 我們正在討論的是我們是否應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。 He was not conscious of what an important discover

14、y he had made. 他沒有意識到他有了一個多么重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 The paper was perfect except that there were some misprints. 除了一些印刷錯誤之外，這篇論文很好。 [考題印證]6 (遼寧高考改編)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for whatever he could find about Mark Twain. 3．賓語從句的注意事項 (1)動詞＋it＋形容詞或慣用搭配＋that從句。 [點津]　賓語從句在接復(fù)合賓語的動詞

15、之后，如think, make，consider等，可以用it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語為that從句。 We think it important that every citizen should have good manners. 我們認為每個市民有禮貌是很重要的。 (2)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等動詞后的賓語從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。這類句子變反意疑問句時應(yīng)注意： ①若主句主語是第一人稱，簡略問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與賓語從句的主語和謂語分別保持一致，且簡略問句用肯定

16、形式； ②若主句主語不是第一人稱，簡略問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語分別保持一致，且簡略問句用肯定形式。 I don’t think I can remember the 100 words within two hours. 我想我不能在兩小時內(nèi)記住這100個單詞。 I don’t think you are right, are you? 我認為你是不對的，不是嗎？ You don’t imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認為他沒有通過考試，是嗎？ 四、表語從句 1．從屬連詞whether, as, as if/though引導(dǎo)

17、的表語從句。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽起來好像有人在敲門。 2．because, why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 That’s because he was ill. 那是因為他生病了。(That’s because ...強調(diào)原因) That’s why he asked for a twoday leave. 那正是他請兩天假的原因。(That’s why ...強調(diào)結(jié)果) [點津]　The reason why ...is that ...“……的理由，是……”為固定句型。此時why引導(dǎo)定語從句，

18、引導(dǎo)表語從句的that習慣上不用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me. 我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。 [考題印證]7 (山東高考改編)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. 3．連接詞(who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where, when，how等)引導(dǎo)表語從句。

19、The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她。 The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。 [考題印證]8 ①(江蘇高考改編)—What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I am not to blame, mum.I’m what you have made me. ②(北京高考改編)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal

20、. ③(四川高考改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s where I was born.” 4．連接詞that在表語從句中只起到連接作用，不作任何成分，但不可省略。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。 [考題印證]9 (北京高考改編)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather close

21、ly modeled on his own life. Ⅰ.用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．What surprises me most is that he is too vain. 2．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question, because the earth will be too crowded. 3．When we will have a picnic depends on the weather.Any day will be OK for everyone during the holidays. 4．W

22、hich part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. 5．It has not been decided who will attend the meeting. 6．It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema. 7．That Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy. 8．Whether the President

23、 will attend the party or not is kept a secret. 9．It is necessary that he should learn about the whole matter. 10．Why the little boy died in a babysitter center in Yuxi of Yunnan Province remains a mystery now. Ⅱ.將下面句子合并或改為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句 1．English is being accepted as an international language. It

24、is a fact. It_is_a_fact_that_English_is_being_accepted_as_an_international_language. 2．It is generally considered unwise to give a child everything he or she wants. It_is_generally_considered_unwise_to_give_a_child_whatever_he_or_she_wants. 3．It used to be a quiet village. I still remember that

25、time. I_still_remember_when_it_used_to_be_a_quiet_village. 4．He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week. It_is_said_that_he_will_go_abroad_and_marry_an_American_girl_next_week. 5．He should report this accident to the police at once. This is my suggestion. My_suggestion_is_that

26、_he_should_report_this_accident_to_the_police_at_once. 6．Julie became a poet.It may have been due to her uncle’s influence. That_Julie_became_a_poet_may_have_been_due_to_her_uncle’s_influence. 7．Why did he choose Harvard University to further his studies? It is clear to everybody. Why_he_chose_H

27、arvard_University_to_further_his_studies_is_clear_to_everybody. 8．When will he return from New York? It depends a great deal on his health. When_he’ll_return_from_New_York_depends_a_great_deal_on_his_health. 9．Could you tell me it? Whether are you, the chairman, or vicechairman responsible for th

28、is financial problem? Could_you_tell_me_whether_you，the_chairman，or_vicechairman_is_responsible_for_this_financial_problem? 10．Tell me it.Which city do you need to go to if you want to take part in Mardi Gras? Tell_me_which_city_you_need_to_go_to_if_you_want_to_take_part_in_Mardi_Gras. 描述地點的說明

29、文 假如你是李華，住在濱江。你的加拿大筆友Bob來信談到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家鄉(xiāng)濱江的情況。請你用英語寫一封回信?；匦彭毎ㄏ卤碇械膬?nèi)容。 自然情況 　　　　　　位于錢塘江邊，風景優(yōu)美、適合居住 成就 　　　　　　1.過去十年經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速 　　　　2.新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等 存在的問題 　　　　　　1.水、空氣污染 　　　　2.交通擁擠 對濱江發(fā)展的看法 　　　　　　內(nèi)容由考生自己擬定 注意：1.可適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫； 2．詞數(shù)：100左右。 Dear Bob， ①It’s very kind of you to write to m

30、e and let me know about your beautiful city.②Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown, Binjiang. ③The town，standing on the bank of the Qiantang River, is a beautiful place for people to live in.④Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years.⑤New factories, houses and ro

31、ads have been built.⑥Besides, more schools and hospitals are available for its people.⑦However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollutions and heavy traffic in rush hours. ⑧In my opinion, Binjiang should develop its economy scientifically.⑨I also think that the growth of its po

32、pulation should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in the future. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 分為三個段落進行描述。條理清晰，層次分明。 第一段：禮貌導(dǎo)入。 第二段：居住城市的情況、成就及問題。 第三段：對發(fā)展的看法。 1．為了使得本篇習作更加上檔次，作者使用了較高級的詞匯和豐富的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，如③句使用了非謂語動詞作定語；④句中的develop rapidly；⑤句采用被動形式使得句式富于變化；⑥句中available一詞的使用

33、；⑧句中“科學(xué)地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟”develop its economy scientifically；⑨句中bring ...under control的使用等。 2．長短句交叉使用是本篇習作的另一亮點。為了使得文章更有文采、行文更加流暢，作者使用了長短句結(jié)合的方式。如⑨句用so that短語連接前后兩個分句；③句中非謂語動詞作定語位于句中；⑦句中such as的使用等都是本文鮮明的特點。 3．整篇習作中，作者巧妙地使用了恰當?shù)倪^渡詞如however，besides等，使得行文連貫、緊湊，渾然一體。 如何寫描述地點的說明文 1．描寫某地的景色或景觀時，一般要遵循的原則是：從總體到局部，

34、從外到內(nèi)。 2．這類文章一般包括三段：開頭是總體介紹，引出主題；中間是正文，具體介紹此地的特色，如著名的建筑、風景名勝等；第三部分是結(jié)尾。 3．描寫某地的短文屬說明文體，要弄清時間的立足點是“過去”“現(xiàn)在”，還是“將來”。 4．表達方式要有所變化，景物描寫用詞容易重復(fù)、單調(diào)，因此寫作時應(yīng)選用不同的句式和表達方式來描述事物，使表達方式多樣化。 [黃金表達]1．位置(location)： 1)lie in/to/on ...　　　　　 2)There lie(s) ... 3)be located/situated in　　 4)stretch along ... 5)at

35、 the foot of 2．面積(area)： 1)cover an area of ... 2)take up ... 3)have an area of ... 4)with an area of ... 5)the size of our city is ... 3．周邊環(huán)境(surroundings)： 1)face ... 2)surrounded by ... 3)There stand(s) ... 4．交通(transportation)： 1)It is very convenient for ... 2)The best/

36、nearest way to ... is ... 3)It takes ...to take a taxi from ... to ... 4)It is only a few bus stops from ... 5)It is within easy reach, not far from highway. 5．人口(population)： 1)have a population of ... 2)with a population of 3)The population of ...is ... 4)Forty percent of the pop

37、ulation are ... 5)There are ... 6．歷史(history)： 1)have a history of ... 2)with a history of ... 3)have witnessed too much ...in history 4)an old village for ... years 7．名勝(places of interest)： 1)be rich in 2)be known as ... 3)be famous for ... 4)be home to ... 5)attract ...

38、6) ...is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes. 8．特色(something special)： 1)The place is famous for ... 2)The special character of the place is ... 3)Something special of the place is ... 4)be native to .../a native of ... 假如你叫李明，應(yīng)美國筆友John的請求，給他發(fā)郵件簡要介紹北京。信中至少包括以下要點： 1．概況：北京，中國首都，位于我

39、國北部，是一個古老而美麗的城市，古建筑和現(xiàn)代風格的建筑和諧相映。它是中國政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的中心。 2．著名景點：長城、故宮、天安門等。 3．文化：京劇，被稱為中國國粹。 4．特色美食：北京烤鴨。 注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右； 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 參考詞匯：中國國粹quintessence of China 和諧相映blend harmoniously ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________

40、_______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Dear John， I am glad to tell

41、you something about Beijing. Beijing, the capital of China, is an ancient and beautiful city, which lies in the north part of the country.Various buildings of both ancient and modern styles are harmoniously blended.It is the center of politics, economy as well as culture in China. Beijing has man

42、y places of interest, among which are the Great Wall, one of the eight wonders of the world, the Palace Museum and Tian’anmen Square which is one of the largest city squares in the world. Regarding culture, Beijing Opera is regarded as the quintessence of China.You shouldn’t miss it if you come here. When staying in Beijing, one of the most unforgettable experiences is to taste the famous Beijing Roast Duck.It is very delicious and I enjoy it very much. Welcome to Beijing! Best wishes! Yours， Li Ming