全自動旋蓋機的設計【帶6張cad圖紙】

全自動旋蓋機的設計【帶6張cad圖紙】,帶6張cad圖紙,全自動,旋蓋機,設計,cad,圖紙 20 屆本科畢業(yè)論文（設計） 相關(guān)中英文翻譯資料 資料題目： 學生姓名： 所在院系： 所學專業(yè)： 完成時間： Machining Turning The engine lathe, one of the oldest metal removal machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered. The engine lathe has been replaced in today’s production shops by a wide variety of automatic lathes such as automatic tracer lathes, turret lathes, and automatic screw machines. All the advantages of single-point tooling for maximum metal removal, and the use of form tools for finished on a par with the fastest processing equipment on the scene today. Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator. The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been produced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part for production, economical tolerances should be used. Turret Lathes Production machining equipment must be evaluated now, more than ever before, in terms of ability to repeat accurately and rapidly. Applying this criterion for establishing the production qualification of a specific method, the turret lathe merits a high rating. In designing for low quantities such as 100 or 200 parts, it is most economical to use the turret lathe. In achieving the optimum tolerances possible on the turret lathe, the designer should strive for a minimum of operations. Automatic Screw Machines Generally, automatic screw machines fall into several categories; single-spindle automatics, multiple-spindle rapid, automatic chucking machines. Originally designed for rapid, automatic production of screws and similar threaded parts, the narrow field, and today plays a vital role in the mass production of a variety of precision parts. Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic screw machine. The cost of the parts machined can be reduced if the minimum economical lot size is calculated and the proper machine is selected for these quantities. Automatic Tracer Lathes Since surface roughness depends greatly upon material turned, tooling, and feeds and speeds employed, minimum tolerances that can be held on automatic tracer lathes are not necessarily the most economical tolerances. In some cases, tolerances of ±0.05mm are held in continuous production using but one cut. Groove width can be held to ±0.0125mm on some parts. Bores and single-point finishes can be held to ±0.0125mm. On high-production runs where maximum output is desirable, a minimum tolerance of ±0.125mm is economical on both diameter and length of turn. Milling With the exceptions of turning and drilling, milling is undoubtedly the most widely used method of removing metal. Well suited and readily adapted to the economical production of any quantity of parts, the almost unlimited versatility of milling process merits the attention and consideration of designers seriously with the manufacture of their product. As in any other process, parts that have to be milled should be designed with economical tolerances that can be achieved in production mill. If the part is designed with tolerances finer than necessary, additional operations will have to be added to achieve these tolerances-and this will increase the cost of the part. Grinding Grinding is one of the most widely used methods of finishing parts to extremely close tolerances and fine surface finishes. Currently, there are grinders for almost every type of grinding machine required. Where processing costs are excessive, parts redesigned to worthwhile. For example, wherever possible the production economy of centerless grinding should be taken advantage of by proper design consideration. Although grinding is usually considered a finishing operation, it is often employed as a complete machining process on work which can be ground down from rough condition without being turned or otherwise machined. Thus many types of forgings and other parts are finished completely with the grinding wheel at appreciable savings of time and expense. Classes of grinding machines include the following: cylindrical grinders, centerless grinders, internal grinders, surface grinders, and tool expense. The cylindrical and centerless grinders or taper work; thus splines, shafts, and similar parts are ground on cylindrical machines either of the common-center type or the centerless machine. Thread grinders are used for grinding precision threads for thread gages, and threads on precision parts where the concentricity between the diameter of the shaft and pitch diameter of thread must be held to close tolerances. The internal grinders are used for grinding of precision holes, cylinder bores, and similar operations where bores of all kinds are to be finished. The surface grinders are for finishing all kinds of flat work, or work with plain surfaces which may be operated upon either by the edge of a wheel or by the face of a grinding wheel. These machines may have reciprocating or rotating tables. 機械加工 金屬切削機床中最早的一種是普通車床，當今仍有許多有用的特性?？墒悄壳?，這些機床主要用在較小規(guī)模的工廠中，進行較小規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)，而不用做大批量的生產(chǎn)。 當前的生產(chǎn)車間中，種類繁多的自動車床已經(jīng)取代了普通車床。比如自動仿形車床，六角車床和自動螺絲車床?，F(xiàn)今，設計人員已經(jīng)熟習的知道了先用單刃刀具去除大量的金屬余量，后用成型刀具獲得精度和表面粗糙度這種加工方法的優(yōu)點。它的生產(chǎn)速度和現(xiàn)在工廠中使用的最快的加工設備相等。 操作者的技術(shù)熟練程度是影響普通車床加工偏差的重要因素。設計工程師要認真的確定由熟練工人在普通車床上加工的試驗零件的公差。在把試驗零件做為生產(chǎn)零件時，應選用比較經(jīng)濟的公差。 六角車床 從生產(chǎn)加工設備這方面看，現(xiàn)在比以往更著重評價是否具有精度和快速加工的能力。評價具體的加工方法用這個標準，六角車床可以獲得較高的質(zhì)量評定。 在設計小批量的零件加工方法時，最經(jīng)濟的是采用六角車床。同時，為了獲得最小的公差，設計人員應盡最大限度的減小加工工序的數(shù)目。 自動螺絲車床 通常的它的類型可分為以下幾種；單軸自動、多軸自動和自動夾緊車床。它最初是被用來對螺釘和類似帶有螺紋的零件進行自動加工的。可是，此種車床的用處已經(jīng)早就超出了這個范圍。如今，在很多種類精密零件的大批量生產(chǎn)中它起著重要的作用。所加工零件的數(shù)量，用自動螺絲車床對它的經(jīng)濟性有較大的影響。若工件的數(shù)量少于是1000件，六角車床上加工要比自動螺絲車床上加工經(jīng)濟的多。若算出最小經(jīng)濟批量，并且針對工件批量正確地選擇機床，零件的加工成本就會自然的降低。 自動仿形車床 因為零件的表面粗糙度主要是取決于件材料、刀具、進給量、和切削速度，所以用自動仿形車床加工所得到的最小公差不一定是最經(jīng)濟的公差。 如在一些情況下，連續(xù)生產(chǎn)的過程中，只進行一次切削加工時的公差可以達到±0.05mm。對一些零件，槽寬的公差±0.125mm。采用單刃刀具和鏜孔進行精加工時，公差可達到±0.0125mm。在希望得到的產(chǎn)量的大批量生產(chǎn)中，直徑和長度上的切削時的最小公差值為±0.125mm是經(jīng)濟的。 銑削 把車削和鉆削除外，應用最廣泛的金屬切削方法就是銑削。它很適合用在任何數(shù)量的零件的經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)中。在產(chǎn)品制造過程中，多種類的銑削加工是值得加工人員認真考慮和選擇的。 對于進行銑削加工的零件，和別的種類加工一樣，其公差應該被設計成銑削生產(chǎn)所能達到的經(jīng)濟公差。若零件的公差設計的比需要的小，就會多出額外的工序，這樣會增加成本。 磨削 在應用廣泛的零件加工方法中，磨削是其中的一種?？梢缘玫胶苄〉墓詈洼^高的表面光潔度?，F(xiàn)在，基本上存在 著適合于各種磨削加工的磨床。設計零件的特征在很大程度上取決于采用磨床的種類。當加工成本太高時，就值得對零件進行重新設計，使其可以用方便、高效的磨削加工方法加工出來。比如，在有可能的時候，通過對零件的適當設計，盡量用無心磨削加工，以獲取好的經(jīng)濟效益。 普遍認為磨削適用于精加工工序，當然對用磨削來完成的粗、精加工的工件，也常采用磨削的方法加工，不采用別的加工方法。所以，對許多鍛件和其它零件，可以采用磨削的方法完成從毛坯到成品的全部加工，這對于時間和費用上都可以得到明顯的節(jié)約。 磨床的類型可以分類以下幾種：外圓磨床、無心磨床、內(nèi)圓磨床、平面磨床和工具磨床。磨削圓柱形工件或者圓錐形工件用外圓磨床和無心磨床。對于花鍵軸、軸和別的類似的工件可采用外圓磨床，也可采用無心磨床加工。 螺紋磨床磨削螺紋量規(guī)上的精密螺紋和用來磨削螺紋的中徑與軸的同心度公差最小的精密工件上的螺紋。 內(nèi)圓磨床適合用來加工精密的孔、汽缸孔和各種類似的，要進行精加工的孔。 對于各種平面加工，或帶有平面的精加工，要用平面磨床來磨削。也可以采用砂輪的邊或者砂輪的端面來加工。因為這些機床上有往復式工作臺或者回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺。