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1、第 3 3 講 完形填空完形填空是考查考生的閱讀理解和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的一種綜合題型。它考查的知識(shí)面廣，覆蓋面大，綜合性強(qiáng)，靈活性高。它題材廣泛，包括社會(huì)生活、科學(xué)常識(shí)、風(fēng)土人情、人文環(huán)境、傳記故事等多個(gè)方面。完形填空主要考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的能力、上下文對(duì)照并捕捉關(guān)鍵詞的能力、分析行文邏輯及文章的整體理解能力、結(jié)合語(yǔ)境分析推理的能力等。因此完形填空主要有以下特點(diǎn)：1信息詞匯(或通常所說(shuō)的“實(shí)詞”名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等)比重大，考查單詞在一定語(yǔ)境下的基本用法、習(xí)慣用法、常用搭配以及對(duì)其詞義的記憶或其特定意義的理解和靈活運(yùn)用。同時(shí)也有考查連詞的題目，主要考查考生對(duì)于行文邏輯的把握及句子之間關(guān)
2、聯(lián)性的理解。2文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，充分考查考生的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力和理解能力，以及上下文段落的銜接、邏輯思維與判斷推理能力。3以單詞、短語(yǔ)填空為主，通過(guò)詞義辨析考查考生靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。其中，結(jié)合文章考查對(duì)詞語(yǔ)用法的掌握主要涉及兩個(gè)方面：詞義辨析和慣用搭配，且詞義辨析通常要放到一定的語(yǔ)境之中才能得出正確答案。4對(duì)知識(shí)和能力進(jìn)行綜合考查。1通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意。 完形填空所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，因此在做題之前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解文章大意，抓住重點(diǎn)，特別要留意文章首句和每段首句。切忌在沒(méi)有把握文章大意之前就匆忙填寫一遍或?qū)崭褚灰贿x填。讀全文時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)是要注意遇到不理解的詞或句，只要不
3、影響理解全文，就不要管它。另外也不要讀一句填一句，也就是孤立地做題，而是一定要結(jié)合全文。2聯(lián)系上下文，綜合分析。 在了解文章大意后，就可以聯(lián)系上下文，進(jìn)行綜合分析、比較、判斷，選出符合邏輯又合乎情理的選項(xiàng)。這一步有以下技巧可以運(yùn)用。(1)緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案。 完形填空以短文的主題句為立足點(diǎn)，考生可從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推測(cè)全文的主要內(nèi)容，從自己學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、固定搭配等方面入手。這里的詞匯考查的是詞義與詞形的辨析，主要包括同義詞、反義詞、形近詞。這里的固定搭配是指詞與詞之間的搭配，主要指動(dòng)詞和介詞、動(dòng)詞和副詞、形容詞和介詞等的搭配?？忌筛鶕?jù)這些方面的內(nèi)容來(lái)分析對(duì)比備選答案。例 1
4、(2012 年廣東)Outside a shop he saw a homeless oldman who looked very 48 .Bill went to him and asked,“Whats wrong with you？”48.A. afraidCsickB. gladDangry解析此題四個(gè)答案都符合語(yǔ)法，但結(jié)合 下文 “Im hungry”，只有C 項(xiàng) sick (不舒服的)符合語(yǔ)境。例 2(2012 年廣東)After the waiter 50 the plate andthe cup, the old man said.50.A. sent outCgave bac
5、kBgot downDtook away解析本題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。send out 發(fā)送；getdown 下來(lái)；give back 給回；take away 拿走。根據(jù)上一句“The oldman finished the meal quickly”可知老人已經(jīng)吃完食物，故服務(wù)員應(yīng)該是把杯碟“拿走”，故選 D。(2)瞻前顧后，全文貫通。 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，所選答案只有和上下文語(yǔ)境與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)都吻合的時(shí)候，才是正確答案。因此，考生必須注意上下文的對(duì)照，連貫思考。如果答案一時(shí)確定不下來(lái)，切記不要耽誤太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好之后，再回過(guò)頭來(lái)仔細(xì)推敲。 對(duì)于那些拿不定主意或未能選填的空白，不要僅局限
6、在與上下文的對(duì)照上，要把視野擴(kuò)大到全文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來(lái)，就可豁然開(kāi)朗，很容易選出正確答案。甚至有時(shí)往往為了使語(yǔ)篇相互銜接及文章的連貫，有些詞會(huì)以原詞或同義、近義詞等形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在文章中，這時(shí)根據(jù)它們就可以消除考生心中的疑惑，確定答案。例 3 (2012 年廣東)Just when he wanted to pay for the meal,the waiter came.Bill and the old man learned_54_ that thefood was free_55_ it was the birthday of the boss, and theywere th
7、e first customer (顧客) that day.54.A. in surpriseC. once again55.A. whenC. unlessB. as usualD. at firstB. untilD. because解析本題需要根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定正確答案。由上文Bill wanted to pay for the meal 和下文 the food was free ，可知比爾和老人是什么樣的表情，故此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示吃驚的詞，因此 54 題選 B。55 題空后面是原因，所以選 because (因?yàn)?。例 4(2010 年廣東)“If anybody finds my
8、 purse and _47_it to me, Ill give half the money to him.”46A. getsC. pointsB. showsD. returns解析此題從倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Maybe somebody willgive your purse back”中 “give back”這個(gè)近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)就可以確認(rèn)此題應(yīng)該選 returns(歸還)。這就是根據(jù)上下文綜合分析而得出答案。(3)運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系，確定選項(xiàng)。有些題目空格前后兩句可形成指代、列舉、因果、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系，這時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系并結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析。當(dāng)考查連詞時(shí)常使用這種分
9、析方法。例 5(2012 年廣東梅州)The waiter walked awayquickly.The man was very surprised and rather disappointed.Thenhe smiled _53_ the waiter returned with a very unhappy look onhis face.53.A. asC. soB. andD. though解析文章講的是一家餐館說(shuō)它能做任何菜，一個(gè)人想要考查一下 ， 就故意點(diǎn)了一道很難做的 “a sandwich with two elephant ears”，所以當(dāng)他看到waiter 帶著不高興
10、的表情回來(lái)時(shí)，他笑了。根據(jù)這樣的邏輯，空格應(yīng)該填“當(dāng)時(shí)”，故選A。(4)運(yùn)用背景及常識(shí)，解決問(wèn)題。例 6The students had a look at their workbooks and their_ turned red at once.A.facesC.necksB.nosesD.hands根據(jù)常識(shí)解題，人們感到難為情時(shí)臉會(huì)變紅，所以解析選A。3復(fù)查核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完之后，要仔細(xì)檢查核對(duì)。其方法是：將所選答案填到空白處，重讀全文，把它作為一篇完整的閱讀文章來(lái)通讀，凡讀起來(lái)別扭或答案無(wú)確切把握的地方分別記下來(lái)，然后將每個(gè)空白處與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一對(duì)照，務(wù)求一一過(guò)關(guān)，避
11、免遺漏。同時(shí)也要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致、固定搭配等。另外，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，當(dāng)完成一篇完形填空后對(duì)比答案時(shí)，要特別留意做錯(cuò)的題目，一定要找出錯(cuò)誤的原因。找出錯(cuò)誤的原因一方面可以檢驗(yàn)并更牢固地掌握所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；另一方面也可幫助理解完形填空的出題規(guī)律，從而全面提高完形填空的應(yīng)試能力。(一)2012 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試Bill, a thirteenyearold boy, thought he had grownup to be a man.But his parents told him, “You wont bea real man until you begin to _46_ hel
12、ping others.”O(jiān)ne morning, his parents gave him some money to_47_ some milk for them.Outside a shop he saw a homelessold man who looked very _48_.Bill went to him and asked,“Whats wrong with you？” The old man answered, “Im hungry.I havent hadany food for two days.” All the thought of his parents word
13、s, Bill saidto the old man, “Lets go to the_49_.” When they got there, Bill asked the waiter tobring out bread and coffee to the old man.The old manfinished the meal quickly.After the waiter _50_ theplate and the cup, the old man said, “Sorry for givingyou so much _51_.Im fine now.Ill _52_ forget yo
14、urkindness! You are a very good young man.”Bill was_53_ when he heard this.Just when hewanted to pay for the meal, the waiter came.Bill and theold man learned _54_ that the food was free _55_ itwas the birthday of the boss, and they were the firstcustomers (顧客) that day.本文講述了 13 歲的比爾認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大，他父母告訴他如
15、果他知道幫助他人就說(shuō)明他真正地長(zhǎng)大了。一天他去買牛奶的路上遇到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人，他熱心地帶他去餐館吃飯。()46.A. think aboutCgive upBdepend onD. go onAthink about 思考，考慮；depend on 依靠；give up放棄；go on 繼續(xù)。一個(gè)人能“考慮到”幫助他人時(shí)，就意味著長(zhǎng)大了。()47.A. lendCdrinkBbuyDborrowB 由上文的“gave him some money”可知父母是讓比爾去“買”牛奶。()48.A. afraid CsickB. gladD. angryC根 據(jù) 下 文 的 “whats wrong
16、 with you ？ ” 和 “Imhungry”可知這個(gè)老人感到不舒服，故選 sick。()49.A. bank ChospitalBlibraryDrestaurantD 因?yàn)槔先烁械健梆囸I”，故比爾應(yīng)該提議去“飯店”。()50.A. sent out Cgave backBgot downD. took awayDsend out 發(fā)送；get down 下來(lái)；give back 給回；takeaway 拿 走 。 根 據(jù) 上 一 句 “The old man finished the mealquickly”可知老人已經(jīng)吃完食物，故服務(wù)員應(yīng)該是把杯碟“拿走”，故選 D。()51.A.
17、excuse CtroubleBadviceDdifficultyC 聯(lián)系上下文可知此時(shí)老人是想說(shuō)不好意思給比爾帶來(lái)很多“麻煩”，故選 C。()52.A. neverCusuallyBalwaysD. sometimesA 對(duì)比爾的善舉，老人“永遠(yuǎn)”不會(huì)忘記。()53.A. nervousCsorryBpleasedDshyB 聽(tīng)到老人說(shuō)的那些感激的話，比爾應(yīng)該是“很高興”，故選 B。()54.A. in surpriseConce againB. as usualDat firstAin surprise 吃驚地；as usual 像往常一樣；once again再一次；at first 起
18、初。他們知道這一餐是免費(fèi)的，應(yīng)該是感到“吃驚”，故選 A。()55.A. whenCunlessBuntilDbecauseD 下文講的是原因，故選 D。(二) 2011 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試One day a poor man was traveling on horseback.Atnoon, he tied his horse to a tree and then_46_ to eatsomething.A few minutes later, a rich man came along andtied his horse to the same tree.“Please tie
19、your horse to another tree,” said thepoor man.“My horse is wild.It will kill yours.”_47_ the rich man said, “I shall tie my horse asI like ！” He tied up his horse and had his lunchnearby.After a moment they heard a terrible _48_， thetwo horses were fighting.They went up to them, but it wastoo _49_.T
20、he rich mans horse was killed.“See what yourhorse has done！” cried the rich man.“You will have to_50_ it.” And he brought the poor man before Mr.Know.Mr.Know asked the poor man some questions.But he madeno _51_.At last Mr.Know said, “This man is dumb.Hecannot speak.”“Oh,” the rich man shouted _52_.“
21、He can! He spoketo me when I met him.”“ Are you sure ？ ” asked Mr.Know. “ What did he_53_？”“He told me not to tie my horse to the same treebecause his horse was wild and would kill my horse.”“Oh，” said Mr.Know.“So he _54_ you.Then can youexpect to get money _55_ him？”The rich man said nothing and le
22、ft silently.本文主要講述了一個(gè)窮人和一個(gè)富人把馬拴在同一棵樹(shù)上，由于窮人的馬比較兇悍，把富人的馬殺死了，然后富人與窮人去找智者說(shuō)理，窮人用智慧戰(zhàn)勝富人的故事。()46.A. put downCsat downBset downDturned downC put down 放下；set down 記下，放下；sit down 坐下；turn down 調(diào)小。拴好馬后富人應(yīng)該是“坐下”吃午餐。()47.A. So CAndBButDThoughB由語(yǔ)境可知，這個(gè)窮人讓富人把馬拴到另一棵樹(shù)上，但是這個(gè)富人不理會(huì)窮人的話。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填 but。()48.A. songCbellB
23、wordDnoiseD由下一句“the two horses were fighting”可知他們聽(tīng)到了一陣可怕的“吵鬧聲”。()49.A. lateChardBslowDquickA 由下一句可知富人的馬已經(jīng)死亡，故這時(shí)已經(jīng)“太遲了”。()50.A. pay forCwait forBlook forDcare forApay for 賠償；look for 尋找；wait for 等待；care for照顧。窮人的馬致使富人的馬死亡，故富人要求“賠償”。()51.A. ideaCmoneyBmistakeDanswerD智者提出問(wèn)題，而窮人沒(méi)有“回答”。make an/noanswer 做
24、出/沒(méi)有回答。()52.A. quietlyChappilyBangrilyDheavilyB根據(jù)空前的“shouted” 并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，可知富人應(yīng)該是“生氣地”叫喊出來(lái)。()53.A. speakCtalkBtellDsayD speak 強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能接某種語(yǔ)言；tell 意為“告訴”；talk 指“談話”；say 強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，后面可以接賓語(yǔ)。句意為“他說(shuō)了什么”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容，故選D。()54.A. helpedCwarnedBthankedDorderedC由上一段富人轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容可知窮人是在“警告，告誡”他，故選 C。()55.A. forCwithBfromDabo
25、utB get sth.from sb.意為“從某人那里得到某物”，故選 B。(三)2010 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試One day a rich woman lost her purse with a lot of moneyin it.So she made a _46_， “If anybody finds my purseand _47_ it to me, Ill give half the money to him.”A poor man _48_ the purse near a shop.He sent itback to the woman, but the rich wo
26、man _49_.“There wasan expensive ring in my purse besides money,” said thewoman, “I wont give you half the money in my purse untilyou return it to me.” “But Ive never seen an expensivering in _50_ purse,” said the man. They began to quarrel (爭(zhēng)吵)The man became_51_ and took her to a judge (法官)_52_ the
27、judgeheard what had happened to them, he said to the woman, “Imsure that you have lost a purse, and there is an expensivering in it.But there is _53_ a lot of money in thispurse.So I dont think its yours._54_ some time.Maybesomebody will give your purse back.”Then the judge _55_ to the man and said,
28、 “Take thepurse home.If the owner doesnt come to get it back in twodays, it will be yours.”本文講述了一位丟了錢包的女士在錢包被歸還時(shí)不守承諾，反而要求歸還錢包的窮人把原本錢包里沒(méi)有的戒指還給她。窮人生氣地把她帶到了法官面前，法官最后用自己的智慧使這位女士自食其果。()46.A. face CpromiseBmistakeDconversationC根 據(jù) 后 一 句 她 說(shuō) 的 話 “If anybody finds my purseand.Ill give half the money to him.
29、” 可知這是她做的承諾。make a promise 做出承諾。()47.A. gets CpointsBshowsDreturnsD女士丟了錢包，可推斷她希望有人找到錢包并“還給”她。return 歸還。()48.A. had CheardBknewDfoundD 聯(lián)系上文“If anybody finds my purse”可知是這個(gè)窮人“發(fā)現(xiàn)、找到”了錢包。()49.A. kept her word Bchanged her mind Ctried her best Dpulled her downB 根據(jù)上文她的承諾和這里的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but，可判斷出她“改變了主意”，即 changed
30、 ones mind 改變主意。()50.A. yourChisBherDmyA 錢包是這位女士的，所以這里應(yīng)是 your purse。()51.A. sad CexcitedBangryDworriedB根據(jù)上句他們開(kāi)始爭(zhēng)吵可知，這個(gè)窮人應(yīng)該是“生氣”了。()52.A. Before CAfterBThoughDIfC 法官只有聽(tīng)完他們的陳述才能做出判斷，所以用 after(在之后)。()53.A. only CnearlyBtrulyDreallyA根據(jù)下文“So I dont think its yours.”可推出法官是說(shuō)這個(gè)錢包里“只有”錢沒(méi)有戒指，以此推斷錢包不是她的。()54.A. Wait forBListen to CLook after DTalk aboutA 既然上文法官推斷說(shuō)錢包不是她的，所以法官讓她再“等”一段時(shí)間，或許有人會(huì)把她的錢包送回來(lái)。()55.A. ran CwentBcameDturnedD turned to the man 轉(zhuǎn)向這個(gè)窮人。法官應(yīng)是和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話頭就轉(zhuǎn)向誰(shuí)，而不是“跑過(guò)去(ran)”、“來(lái)到(came)”或是“過(guò)去(went)”。
中考英語(yǔ) 中考題型串講 第3講 完形填空課件
