高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 基礎(chǔ)語法 第二課時(shí) 定語從句課件 牛津譯林版

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1、第二課時(shí)定語從句1.(2016浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved. A.whom B.which C.what D.that 答案B句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)提出許多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時(shí)流淚的理論，其中沒有一個(gè)已被證明。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，此處是非限制性定語從句，which代替many theories，故應(yīng)用 which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。感 悟 高 考2.(2016北京高考)I live next door to a

2、couple _ children often make a lot of noise. A.whose B.why C.where D.which 答案A句意：我住在一對(duì)夫婦的隔壁，他們的孩子經(jīng)常弄出很大的噪音。先行詞為couple，由句意可知children與couple之間為所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。3.(2016天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better. A.that B.where C.which D.when 答案D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此

3、引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為next week，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故用when。4.(2015重慶高考)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. A.whom B.which C.them D.that 答案B句意：他寫了許多兒童讀物，幾乎有一半的書是在二十世紀(jì)九十年代出版的。逗號(hào)之后是一個(gè)修飾childrens books的非限制性定語從句，which指代childrens books。5.(2015北京高考)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ yo

4、u can hear some lovely music. A.which B.that C.when D.where 答案D句意：對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂，在那里你可以聽到一些美妙的音樂。 先行詞是St.Pauls Church；從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語，用where。故選D。考點(diǎn)一下列情況只用that不用which考 點(diǎn) 清 單規(guī)則 先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等

5、詞修飾。Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你還有想要為你自己說的事情嗎？規(guī)則 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞。What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看過的第一部美國電影是什么？規(guī)則 先行詞中既有人也有物。He talked about the people and the places that he had visited in that country.他談到了他在那個(gè)國家所見到的人和所參觀的地方?？键c(diǎn)二用which而不用th

6、at引導(dǎo)的定語從句 規(guī)則 which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that則不能。He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.他沒通過數(shù)學(xué)考試，這令他父親很生氣。規(guī)則 在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which而不用that引導(dǎo)。This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live.這是魯迅曾住過的地方。規(guī)則 which用作定語時(shí)。He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他也許會(huì)遲到，那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該等他?？键c(diǎn)

7、三關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句規(guī)則 關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因(一般為reason)的名詞，在從句中作狀語。有時(shí)可用“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)替換。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我還記得我第一次來北京的那天。規(guī)則 當(dāng)定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，即使先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。Is this the reason(that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?這是他在會(huì)議上解釋的無禮的原因嗎？規(guī)則 當(dāng)先行

8、詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經(jīng)到了彼此必須分手的地步?？键c(diǎn)四“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句規(guī)則 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞whose名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。Trading leather shoes i

9、s the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)走這么遠(yuǎn)。規(guī)則 “復(fù)合介詞短語關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一個(gè)大房子里，房子的前面有

10、一棵大樹?？键c(diǎn)五as，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句規(guī)則 as作關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，意為“正如，正像”，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。As we all know，smoking is bad for our health.眾所周知，抽煙有害健康。規(guī)則 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)只能位于句末，意為“這，這一點(diǎn)”。Li Ming was late，which made Mr Zhang very angry.李明遲到了，這讓張老師很生氣。規(guī)則 as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語中。as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is of

11、ten the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case.他生氣時(shí)就大叫，這是常有的情形。1.先行詞還原法解 題 策 略如果認(rèn)為是定語從句，大家可以把前面的名詞直接還原到從句中，如果此句意思通順，則為定語從句。Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A.that B.whichC.where D

12、.when答案Dher stay為先行詞，代入定語從句后為：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there。when指代her stay在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。2.四步分析法正確選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的難點(diǎn)，大家可以使用“四步分析法”來正確解答試題。一看指人還是物；二看介詞在何處；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.w

13、hat B.whoseC.which D.that答案B句意：不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖?？仗幰龑?dǎo)的定語從句，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，且缺少定語成分因此只能考慮填作定語的關(guān)系代詞。A中的what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。whose “誰的”，符合句意。3.固定搭配法在解答定語從句時(shí)還要注意一些固定短語，這樣就需要確定關(guān)系詞前的介詞等。Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future. A.on which B.by whichC.to which D.from which答案C句意：風(fēng)力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會(huì)再利用它。return to “重新利用”，屬于固定搭配。