單吸渣漿泵設(shè)計(jì)及機(jī)械密封設(shè)計(jì)【含4張CAD圖紙】
單吸渣漿泵設(shè)計(jì)及機(jī)械密封設(shè)計(jì)【含4張CAD圖紙】,含4張CAD圖紙,單吸渣漿泵,設(shè)計(jì),機(jī)械,密封,CAD,圖紙
附錄：外文資料翻譯
火電廠泵的脫硫分析
我國(guó)目前的酸雨區(qū)已跨越幅員的三分之一，2005年的S排放量到達(dá)2549萬t，跨越總量節(jié)制指標(biāo)749萬t，加重了我國(guó)的大氣污染火電廠是S的主要排放源，我國(guó)2004年1月1日實(shí)行的GBl3223-2003《火電廠大氣污染排放規(guī)范》按時(shí)段劃定了火電廠的大氣污染物最高允許排放值，提速了我國(guó)火電廠脫硫裝置的投入使用，對(duì)單機(jī)容軸向柱塞泵量跨越20MW的大型燃煤火電機(jī)組，海內(nèi)外目前風(fēng)行的脫硫工藝是接納濕法脫硫，在完成脫硫要求的同時(shí)，可以同時(shí)孕育發(fā)生副產(chǎn)品石膏，實(shí)現(xiàn)脫硫副產(chǎn)品的資源再哄騙，我國(guó)此刻運(yùn)行的很多火電廠在原設(shè)計(jì)中沒有考慮脫硫裝置的安裝位置，這使運(yùn)行的火電廠增加脫硫裝置帶來了堅(jiān)苦，將來10年裝機(jī)容量3×10MW的火電機(jī)組均需要安裝脫硫'>煙氣脫硫裝置，是以，我國(guó)此刻運(yùn)行的火電廠迫切需要一種既具備高脫硫效率且節(jié)省占地面積的濕法脫硫新工藝，母公司為德國(guó)魯爾集團(tuán)公司(Ruhr AG)的德國(guó)斯特雅便拆立式管道離心泵克集團(tuán)公司(steag AG)自1969年起頭開發(fā)以CaO或CaCO為脫硫劑的緊湊密切式濕法脫硫新工藝，該工藝具備脫硫效率高、占地面積小的獨(dú)特優(yōu)點(diǎn)，1977年在德國(guó)wilhelmshaven第一套具備貿(mào)易化使用價(jià)值的緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工業(yè)化測(cè)試設(shè)備對(duì)5×10Nm/h的燃煤電廠煙氣進(jìn)行脫硫，相應(yīng)的汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組的電功率為140 MW；1982年第一臺(tái)工藝脫硫設(shè)備在該電廠投入運(yùn)行，脫硫的煙宇量為1.5×10Nm/h，相應(yīng)的汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組的電功率為450 MW，該工藝到2000年已成功應(yīng)用的火電機(jī)組容量跨越2×10MW，單臺(tái)鍋爐的最大額定煙氣流量為2.29×10Nm/h，單臺(tái)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組的最大額定電功率為750MW，緊湊多級(jí)管道泵密切式濕法脫硫工藝出格適用于已運(yùn)行電廠增加脫硫裝置的改造方案，對(duì)我國(guó)大批火電廠的增加脫硫裝置的改造方案具備重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
1、燃煤火電廠各種泵的脫硫工藝
緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝的流程圖，來自電除塵器⑴溫度為120～130％的待脫硫的煙氣進(jìn)入回轉(zhuǎn)式煙氣加熱器⑵，把熱量放給來自脫硫塔⑷溫度為40～45℃的凈化煙氣，凈化后的煙氣是經(jīng)過立式風(fēng)機(jī)⑶使其壓力升高來降服回轉(zhuǎn)式煙氣加熱器的流動(dòng)阻力，凈化后的煙氣溫度升高到80～90％后排人煙囪，以到達(dá)煙氣進(jìn)入煙囪的溫氟塑料自吸泵度要求，放熱后的煙氣從脫硫塔底部進(jìn)入脫硫塔向上流動(dòng)，在脫硫塔內(nèi)待脫硫的煙氣與來自脫硫塔底部經(jīng)泵(6)，升壓后從漫衍在脫硫塔上部的噴嘴兒⑸噴出的脫硫劑漿液進(jìn)行混淆發(fā)生化學(xué)反映到達(dá)脫硫目的，化學(xué)反映產(chǎn)物從脫硫塔上部流向脫硫塔下部，與經(jīng)風(fēng)機(jī)⑻送人脫硫塔的空氣進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行化學(xué)反映，形成脫硫'>煙氣脫硫的副產(chǎn)品石膏的漿液，石膏漿液進(jìn)入經(jīng)漿泵⑼送人分離器(10)，分離出來的濃石膏漿液進(jìn)入石膏出產(chǎn)體系⑾，孕育發(fā)生石膏產(chǎn)品，從石膏出產(chǎn)體系⑾分離出來的廢液與分離器潛水排污泵(10)分離出來的廢液進(jìn)入混淆器(12)，流出混淆器(12)的漿液分成3部門，一部門進(jìn)入脫硫劑制漿體系(16)，另外一部門進(jìn)入脫硫塔再循環(huán)哄騙，還有一部門經(jīng)漿泵⒀升壓后送人分離器⒁，分離出來的廢水送入廢水處理體系(15)進(jìn)行凈化處理，漿泵(7)將漿液升壓后在脫硫塔下部進(jìn)行攪拌，防止脫硫塔下部漿液沉淀，脫硫所需的工藝用水經(jīng)抽水機(jī)送入脫硫塔，隨著脫硫劑的不停補(bǔ)充，就能夠使脫硫體系連續(xù)運(yùn)行，完成對(duì)煙氣的連續(xù)脫硫。
2泵的脫硫工藝的應(yīng)用實(shí)例
緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝與自吸式無堵塞排污泵常見的濕法脫硫工藝相比，主要差別是脫硫凈化后的煙氣經(jīng)立式風(fēng)機(jī)升壓后送入回轉(zhuǎn)式煙氣加熱器升溫，然后再送人煙囪排入大氣中。
緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝已在德國(guó)、荷蘭、土耳其、印尼、意大利、西班牙、巴西等十幾個(gè)國(guó)家得到推廣和應(yīng)用，脫硫劑別離可以接納CaO、CaO/CaC03、海水，電廠的汽油可所以煙煤、褐煤、石油焦等，持久現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)行的脫硫效率從早期的90％到達(dá)目前的95％以上，最高可達(dá)98.5％，列出了緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝的部門實(shí)例。
德國(guó)對(duì)電廠排放要求十分嚴(yán)酷，燃煤火電廠煙氣的排放限定值S為400 mg/Nm脫硫手動(dòng)泵效率要大于85％，NO為200 mg/Nm，煙塵50mg/Nm，這使電力出產(chǎn)中為環(huán)保支出的成本十分可觀，在德國(guó)燃煤火力發(fā)電廠電力成本的構(gòu)成中：汽油成本65％、濕法脫硫及出產(chǎn)石膏15％、脫氮成本9％、除塵成本5％、噪音治理2％、水費(fèi)3％、廠區(qū)生活習(xí)性維護(hù)用度1％，德國(guó)燃煤電廠現(xiàn)實(shí)的煙氣排放值優(yōu)于排放限定值，某電廠脫硫'>煙氣脫硫的現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)行記載繪出的煙氣SO，出口含量和現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)行的脫硫效率，圖中表白，脫硫前煙氣中的SO濃度約為11000 mg/Nm，脫硫后煙氣中的SO濃度約為33mg/Nm，脫硫效率為99.7％緊湊密切式濕法脫硫過程孕育發(fā)生的石膏產(chǎn)量可由下式計(jì)較。
3、緊湊密切式機(jī)油泵濕法脫硫工藝應(yīng)用過程當(dāng)中的改進(jìn)措施
在緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝的實(shí)用過程當(dāng)中，為了進(jìn)一步提高該脫硫工藝的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和靠得住性，主要進(jìn)行了如下幾個(gè)方面的技能改進(jìn)：
3、1提高設(shè)備運(yùn)行的靠得住性
接納耐磨材料和螺旋型大口徑噴嘴兒，解決了噴嘴兒的擁塞和磨耗問題，不僅提高了噴嘴兒的耐磨機(jī)能和漿液流場(chǎng)的均勻性，而且使噴嘴兒的壓差由改進(jìn)前的0.20 MP下降到0.08 MP，實(shí)現(xiàn)了噴嘴兒節(jié)能跨越30％。
脫硫塔內(nèi)部接納橡膠內(nèi)襯結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅節(jié)省了鋼材，而且提高了脫硫塔的耐腐化機(jī)能汽動(dòng)泵，從而也提高了脫硫塔的使用生存的年限和運(yùn)行靠得住性。
3、2削減脫硫裝置的占地面積和初投資
接納立式風(fēng)機(jī)給進(jìn)入煙氣加熱器的凈化煙氣升壓，節(jié)省了緊湊密切式脫硫裝置的安裝尺寸，省電了煙氣管道的長(zhǎng)度，不僅可以大幅度降低煙氣的流動(dòng)阻力，而且省電了該脫硫工藝的占地面積和降低了該脫硫工藝的初投資，易于在已運(yùn)行的燃煤機(jī)組上接納此脫硫工藝，如單機(jī)容量400 MW燃煤機(jī)組的脫硫塔的直徑為12.5m，回轉(zhuǎn)式煙氣加熱器的直徑為10m。
3、3優(yōu)化脫硫工藝的運(yùn)行方式和參量
為了改善凈化后手動(dòng)泵的煙氣中液體顆粒的分離效果，使氣液分離器接納瓦壟板折返結(jié)構(gòu)，在增加氣液分離面積和增加氣液分離流程的同時(shí)，降低了分離器的高度，從而也到達(dá)了降低脫硫塔高度的效果。
在脫硫塔底部接納漿液循環(huán)攪拌措施，使脫硫塔底部的漿液的濃度變得十分均勻，提高了脫硫塔底部的容積有用哄騙率，從而降低了脫硫塔的高度，如930MW燃煤機(jī)組的鍋爐高度為175m，而緊湊密切式脫硫塔的高度為48m。
將脫硫塔內(nèi)的噴嘴兒層設(shè)為6層，每?jī)蓪訃娮靸河靡慌_(tái)漿泵供給噴嘴兒漿液，使噴嘴兒的流量可以調(diào)潛水軸流泵節(jié)，從而包管不同煙氣SO濃度時(shí)均能到達(dá)較高的脫硫效率，以加強(qiáng)該脫硫工藝對(duì)汽油的適應(yīng)性。
經(jīng)過上面所說的改進(jìn)措施的實(shí)行，使緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝具備改造用度低、節(jié)省占地面積、體系的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和靠得住性都很高的一種新的濕法脫硫工藝，得到廣泛推廣和應(yīng)用，成為運(yùn)行中的大型燃煤電廠脫硫改造的首選新工藝。
4、竣事語
緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝現(xiàn)實(shí)持久運(yùn)行的脫硫效率此刻已超高95％，最高已到達(dá)98，5％，脫硫效率可以饜足燃煤電廠脫硫效率的要求；
緊湊密切式濕法脫硫無油隔膜真空泵工藝孕育發(fā)生的脫硫石膏產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和石膏中微量元素的含量，完全可以饜足市場(chǎng)對(duì)石膏產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)了脫硫副產(chǎn)品的資源化再哄騙；
經(jīng)過改進(jìn)的緊湊密切式濕法脫硫工藝具備改造用度低、節(jié)省占地面積、體系的安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和靠得住性高等獨(dú)特優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是已運(yùn)行的大型燃煤電廠脫硫改造的首選新工藝。
外文原文：
Coal-fired pump plant technology of compact
Acid rain areas in China have more than one-third of the land area in 2005, emissions of S to reach 25.49 million t, the total control of more than 7,490,000 t, exacerbated by air pollution in China's thermal power plant is the main source S, China's January 1, 2004 implementation GBl3223-2003 "thermal power plant air pollution emission standards," according to periods of thermal power plant provides the maximum allowable emissions of air pollutants the value of thermal power plants in China to speed up the desulfurization devices put into use, the stand-alone capacity more than 20MW of large-scale coal-fired thermal power units, both at home and abroad is currently popular is the use of wet FGD desulphurization, desulfurization requirements completed at the same time, it will also produce a by-product gypsum, FGD by-product of the realization of re-use of resources, China is now running a number of thermal power plants In the original design did not consider the installation of desulfurization equipment, which makes the operation of thermal power plant desulfurization devices to increase the difficulties brought about by the next 10 years the 3 × 10MW installed capacity of thermal power units are required to install desulfurization '> flue gas desulfurization devices, therefore, Our country is now in urgent need of running a thermal power plant not only has the high desulfurization efficiency and save the new area of the wet FGD process, the parent group for Germany's Ruhr (Ruhr AG) of Germany Group (steag AG) since R & D in 1969 for CaO or CaCO compact Desulfurizer WFGD new technology, the desulfurization process with high efficiency and small footprint of the unique advantages of wilhelmshaven in Germany in 1977 the first set of commercial value of the compact WFGD type of industrial test equipment 5 × 10Nm / h for coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, the corresponding turbine-generator unit for the electric power 140 MW; 1982 in the first Taiwan-process desulfurization equipment in the plant put into operation, flue gas
desulfurization capacity of 1.5 × 10Nm / h, corresponding turbine-generator unit for the electric power 450 MW, the process that has been successfully applied in 2000 the thermal power unit capacity of more than 2 × 10MW, the largest single boiler flue gas flow rated 2.29 × 10Nm / h, a single turbine-generator unit of the largest electric power for the rated 750MW, compact wet FGD process has been in operation is especially suitable for power plant desulfurization equipment to increase the transformation program, a large number of our thermal power plant desulfurization devices an increase in the transformation of program has an important practical value.
1 coal-fired thermal power plant technology of compact WFGD
Compact wet FGD process flow chart as shown in Figure 1, from electrostatic precipitator ⑴ temperature of 120 ~ 130% of the flue gas desulfurization to be turning into the flue gas heater ⑵, the heat released to the from the desulfurization tower ⑷ temperature of 40 ~ 45 ℃ flue gas purification, after purification of the flue gas is the result of vertical fan ⑶ to overcome the increased pressure to turn the flow of flue gas heater resistance, purified flue gas temperature to 80 ~ 90% of people behind the chimney (17), in order to achieve the temperature of flue gas entering the chimney request, after the heat from the flue gas desulfurization tower at the bottom of upward mobility into the desulfurization tower, to be in the desulfurization tower Desulfurization of flue gas desulfurization tower from the bottom by the pump (6), step-up from the desulfurization tower located in the upper part of the nozzle ⑸ out of the mixed slurry desulfurizer chemical reaction to achieve the purpose of desulfurization, chemical reaction products from the desulfurization Tap the bottom of the upper part of the flow of desulfurization tower, with the fan ⑻ give the air desulfurizer further chemical reaction, the formation of desulfurization '> FGD gypsum by-product of the slurry, gypsum slurry into the pump through ⑼ give separator (10), separated into the dense slurry gypsum plaster production systems ⑾, resulting in gypsum products, gypsum production system from ⑾ separated from the liquid and the separator (10) separated from the liquid into the mixer (12 ), outflow mixer (12) of the slurry into 3 parts into the system desulfurizer Pulp (16), another part of recycling into the desulfurization tower, some by the pump ⒀ give separator after boost ⒁, separated from the wastewater into the wastewater treatment system (15) for purification, pump (7) after the slurry desulfurizer boost to stir the bottom, to prevent the lower part of serous desulfurizer precipitation, water desulfurization process required by the pump into the desulfurization tower, with the constant desulfurizer added that allow continuous operation of desulfurization systems, to complete a continuous flue gas desulfurization.
2, compact WFGD '> FGD application process
Compact wet FGD process with common wet FGD process, the main difference is the desulfurization of flue gas purification by following the step-up into the vertical rotary fan flue gas heater to heat up, and then send the person into the air chimney in.
Compact wet FGD process has been in Germany, the Netherlands, Turkey, Indonesia, Italy, Spain, Brazil and other countries has been the promotion and application, respectively, can be used desulfurizer CaO, CaO/CaC03, water, fuel for power plants can be bituminous coal, lignite, petroleum coke, etc., long-term operation of the desulfurization efficiency of 90% from early to reach more than 95% of the current up to 98.5%, are listed in the compact part of wet FGD process instance.
Germany has very strict requirements of power plant emissions, coal-fired thermal power plant flue gas emission limit value of S for the 400 mg / Nm desulfurization efficiency is greater than 85%, NO for the 200 mg / Nm, dust 50mg/Nm, which makes power production the cost of expenditures for environmental protection is very impressive, in Germany the cost of electricity coal-fired power plants in the composition: 65% of fuel costs, the production of gypsum wet FGD and 15%, 9% of the cost of removal, the cost of 5% of dust, noise control 2% , 3 percent water, plant maintenance costs 1% of the ecological, the German coal-fired power plant flue gas emissions from the actual value than the emission limit values, a power plant desulfurization '> FGD drawn record of the actual operation of the flue gas SO, export content and practical operation of the desulfurization efficiency, the figure shows that before the flue gas desulfurization of SO concentration is about 11000 mg / Nm, after the desulfurization of flue gas concentration of SO of about 33mg/Nm, desulfurization efficiency of 99.7 percent of compact wet FGD gypsum produced by the process of production can be calculated.
3, compact wet FGD process applications in the process of improvement measures
In the compact utility wet FGD process, in order to further enhance the desulfurization process of the security, economy and reliability, mainly the following aspects of the technical improvements:
3,1 to improve the reliability of equipment
Wear-resistant materials and the use of large diameter spiral nozzles, nozzle solve the problem of congestion and wear and tear, not only improve the wear resistance and serous nozzle flow field uniformity, but also pressure from the nozzle to improve the pre-fell to 0.20 MP 0.08 MP, achieved more than 30% energy-saving nozzles.
Desulfurizer internal structure of the use of rubber-lined, steel not only saves, but also enhanced the desulfurization tower corrosion resistance, and thus improve the life of the desulfurization tower and operating reliability.
3,2 desulfurization equipment to reduce the footprint and the initial investment
The use of vertical flue gas fan heater to enter the flue gas purification step, saving compact size of the installation of desulfurization equipment, saving the length of the gas pipeline, not only can greatly reduce the flow of flue gas resistance, and to save the Desulfurization of the area and reduce the initial investment in desulfurization technology for the coal-fired units have been in operation for the use of this desulfurization process, such as stand-alone capacity of 400 MW coal-fired units in the desulfurization tower diameter of 12.5m, rotary the diameter of gas-gas heater 10m.
Optimization of 3,3-FGD operation mode and parameters
In order to improve the purification of the flue gas after the separation of liquid particles, so that the use of gas-liquid separator returned to the structure of corrugated board, after an increase in size and increase in gas-liquid separation processes, gas-liquid separator at the same time, reduce the height of the separator, which also reached to reduce the effect of a high degree of desulfurization tower.
Used in the desulfurization tower at the bottom of the cycle slurry mixing measures to desulfurizer the concentration of slurry at the bottom become very uniform, increased volume at the bottom desulfurizer effective utilization, thereby reducing the height of the desulfurization tower, such as coal-fired units of 930MW Boiler height for the 175m, while the compact desulfurization tower height of 48m.
Desulfurization tower will set the nozzle layer 6 layers, each with a two-tier nozzle pump slurry supply nozzle so that the flow of the nozzle can be adjusted to ensure that flue gas SO different concentration can reach the high desulfurization efficiency, in order to enhance the desulfurization process of adaptation of fuel.
After the above-mentioned measures to improve implementation of the compact wet FGD process with a modified low-cost, save area, the system's security, economy and reliability are very high, a new wet FGD process has been widely and applications, to become in the operation of the transformation of large-scale coal-fired power plant of choice for a new desulfurization process.
4, concluding remarks
Compact actual wet desulfurization process of long-term operation of ultra-high desulfurization efficiency of 95 percent now, the maximum has reached 98,5%, the efficiency of desulfurization desulfurization efficiency coal-fired power plants to meet the requirements;
Compact Wet FGD gypsum produced by the quality and content of trace elements in gypsum, plaster fully meet the market requirements of product quality to achieve desulfurization by-product of re-use of resources;
Compact improved wet FGD process with a modified low-cost, save area, the system's security, economy and the unique advantages of high reliability is already running a large-scale coal-fired power plant desulfurization new technology of choice for transformation.
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