(考前輔導(dǎo))中考英語(yǔ)考能提升 寫(xiě)作高分課堂(二) 人教新目標(biāo)版
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1、命題作文點(diǎn)撥 掌握命題特點(diǎn),了解中考中??嫉母鞣N類(lèi)型的命題作文,掌握技能和技巧,寫(xiě)出高分命題作文。 重點(diǎn):審清題目,選擇合適的材料進(jìn)行組織。 難點(diǎn):如何進(jìn)行巧妙的構(gòu)思,寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的命題作文。 命題作文在中考中所占的比重很大,絕大多數(shù)省份的中考英語(yǔ)都是命題作文。它往往給考生提供了寫(xiě)作思路,相對(duì)容易,使考生覺(jué)得有話(huà)可說(shuō)。難點(diǎn)在于如何把材料整合或構(gòu)思出優(yōu)質(zhì)素材,使得文章思路清晰,語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。 如何寫(xiě)出高分命題作文 命題作文是依據(jù)所給題目,確定中心,選擇材料,寫(xiě)出符合題意,內(nèi)容表達(dá)具體、充分的文章。寫(xiě)命題作文通常要注意以下幾點(diǎn): 1. 審準(zhǔn)題目 文章的中心要
2、通過(guò)對(duì)題目的分析來(lái)確定,一定要弄清主題的內(nèi)涵,確立與文章聯(lián)系的主題思想,表達(dá)不能游離于主題之外,否則即使內(nèi)容再精彩,也是“跑題”作文,得分將會(huì)大打折扣。因此,寫(xiě)命題作文最重要的是先審清題目,確立要表現(xiàn)的中心。如: 某英文報(bào)以An Unforgettable Day(《難忘的一天》)為題,面向中學(xué)生開(kāi)展征文活動(dòng),請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文參加此次活動(dòng)。 內(nèi)容包括: ①哪一天讓你感到難忘; ②什么事(開(kāi)心的、傷心的或是有特別意義的……)讓你感到那天難忘; ③那一天你經(jīng)歷了什么; ④那天的經(jīng)歷對(duì)你有什么影響或者你有什么感受。 解讀:分析題目可知,這是一篇敘事性短文,記述自己難忘的一件事情。首先,明
3、確時(shí)態(tài)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí);其次,要知道文章的中心應(yīng)該圍繞“難忘”展開(kāi),這就是文章表現(xiàn)的中心,即重點(diǎn)要敘述這件事,比如這件事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、涉及的人物、事情的經(jīng)過(guò)等等,在敘述的過(guò)程中要想方設(shè)法突出其難忘性。如有一篇范文是這樣寫(xiě)的: I’ll never forget June 11th, 2014. (開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山點(diǎn)題) It was a sunny day. On the way to school, my friend did something rude to me. It made me sad. What’s worse, I got a “C” in my favorite subje
4、ct. (先簡(jiǎn)要描述了那天遇到的不好的事,欲揚(yáng)先抑) After school, I went home unhappily. It was dark in the room. Suddenly the lights were on and I heard the song “Happy birthday”. I was surprised to see many people and a big cake. “Oh, it’s my birthday.” I was so excited and happy. It was my first time to have a birthday
5、party. (重點(diǎn)敘述生日的驚喜) I’ll never forget that day. (首尾呼應(yīng)) 2. 構(gòu)思結(jié)構(gòu) 就是開(kāi)放思路,啟動(dòng)聯(lián)想,構(gòu)想表現(xiàn)形式,勾勒出文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次,依次寫(xiě)出引言段、主題句、發(fā)展段和結(jié)尾句,努力使之新穎、別致。比如下面一道題目: 上學(xué)期間,學(xué)校的某些場(chǎng)所一定給你留下了美好的記憶,如教室、閱覽室、操場(chǎng)等。某英文報(bào)紙正以“My Favorite Place at School”為題征文,請(qǐng)你投稿。描述一個(gè)你最喜歡的地方,并請(qǐng)說(shuō)明原因。 提示詞語(yǔ):classroom, reading-room, playground, bright, quiet, lar
6、ge, help, improve 解讀:分析題目“My Favorite Place at School”可知,該題是一個(gè)開(kāi)放性的命題作文。文章應(yīng)該按照“最喜歡的地方—自己的活動(dòng)—原因”的順序來(lái)進(jìn)行。首先應(yīng)該確定你最喜歡的地方,可以用My favorite place at school is…作為引言段;然后應(yīng)該描述你在這個(gè)地方的活動(dòng),這是發(fā)展段;最后敘述原因。 3. 選擇材料 這一點(diǎn)很重要,一定要圍繞想表現(xiàn)的中心去選擇組織材料,所選的材料必須典型精要。 如湖北黃岡的一道考題: 俗話(huà)說(shuō):“予人玫瑰,手留余香?!痹谖覀兊娜粘I钪?,我們會(huì)遇到各種困難,因此,我們會(huì)需要他人的幫助;但
7、同時(shí),我們也要學(xué)會(huì)幫助他人。其實(shí),幫助他人就是在幫助自己。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合身邊的事例,以“幫助”為話(huà)題,用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。注意:①無(wú)須寫(xiě)標(biāo)題,開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出,但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù);②文中要結(jié)合你幫助別人或別人幫助你的一件事例;③文中不得透露任何個(gè)人和學(xué)校的真實(shí)信息;④詞數(shù)在80詞左右。 解讀:這是一篇以“幫助”為話(huà)題的命題作文。選材一定要圍繞幫助別人為中心進(jìn)行組織材料,選材必須具有典型性,即真實(shí)地反映中學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)與生活。寫(xiě)作在選材時(shí)嚴(yán)禁大而空,必須從生活出發(fā),真實(shí)反映一件身邊的小事即可,可以是你幫助同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),也可以是幫助受傷的同學(xué)等。 4. 表達(dá) 就是用最確切明了的語(yǔ)言貫穿材料,表達(dá)自己的思想,
8、力爭(zhēng)用符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,最順暢自然的詞、句、段去表達(dá)中心思想。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué),你的初中學(xué)習(xí)生活馬上就要結(jié)束了,請(qǐng)你以“My English Study”為題, 談一下三年來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的心得體會(huì)。 1. 要點(diǎn)包括:你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中所遇到的困難、解決的辦法以及學(xué)習(xí)感悟; 2. 字?jǐn)?shù)要求:不少于80詞。 My English Study ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9、_______________________________________. 參考范文: My English Study How time flies! My three-year middle school life will be over soon. Looking back I have many memories of my English study. When I entered the middle school, I had so many difficulties with my English. I was not able to understand
10、 the teacher in class, and I couldn’t master the words and phrases. For a time I wanted to give it up. Later, with the help of the teacher and my classmates, I listened to the teacher carefully in class, kept on reading English every day and spoke English as much as possible. Step by step I made gre
11、at progress in English. In a word, only when you develop interest in studying English can you learn it well. 情景作文點(diǎn)撥 要求考生能根據(jù)圖畫(huà)或提示信息,展開(kāi)想象,恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的思想。 重點(diǎn):一定要做到切中題意,不要遺漏要點(diǎn)。 難點(diǎn):如何根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容正確表述是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。做好布局謀篇,不要只是簡(jiǎn)單句子的羅列。 情景作文在中考中占有一定的比重,它對(duì)考生的要求較高,必須在準(zhǔn)確理解圖畫(huà)信息或提示的基礎(chǔ)上組織材料,準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)其中的寓意。 情景作文
12、并不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的命題作文,它是一種指導(dǎo)性或輔助性寫(xiě)作,題目可有可無(wú)。所謂指導(dǎo)性寫(xiě)作就是要求有必要的說(shuō)明,對(duì)寫(xiě)作的目的、對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容等情景給予簡(jiǎn)單的提示。情景可以通過(guò)圖畫(huà)、圖表等形式來(lái)提供。 圖畫(huà)作文的注意事項(xiàng): 1. 認(rèn)真讀圖,把握中心。 一般說(shuō)來(lái),所給的幾幅圖都是圍繞一個(gè)中心展開(kāi)的。它們講述的通常是一個(gè)小故事或小事件,這個(gè)小故事或小事件就是這組圖畫(huà)所要表達(dá)的中心。 2. 初步構(gòu)思,考慮用詞、短語(yǔ)、句型和時(shí)態(tài)。 在把握了文章的中心后,應(yīng)在心里構(gòu)思一個(gè)基本的框架,并考慮使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)和句型,以充分地表達(dá)文章的內(nèi)容。 盡可能地充分利用所學(xué)的短語(yǔ)或句型來(lái)表述具體的內(nèi)
13、容。這是體現(xiàn)自身能力的重要一環(huán)。 3. 連詞成句,然后再連句成文。 運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)正確表達(dá)各圖的意思。然后再將各圖的單個(gè)句子串連起來(lái)。 串連時(shí),要注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞語(yǔ)或過(guò)渡性語(yǔ)句,不至于讓讀者覺(jué)得文章中出現(xiàn)跳躍現(xiàn)象,更使上下文更為緊湊、自然。 4. 反復(fù)審核,修改錯(cuò)誤。 一篇文章寫(xiě)好后,應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢查,看短文中是否有錯(cuò),如拼寫(xiě)、用詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)及表達(dá)方面的錯(cuò)誤。還應(yīng)著重看短文是否扣住了圖畫(huà)的內(nèi)容,要點(diǎn)是否有遺漏。 5. 宜詳則詳,該略則略。 對(duì)于一些細(xì)節(jié)方面的內(nèi)容,如果是文章必不可少的,在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中是不可將其忽略的。 如果是可有可無(wú)的細(xì)節(jié),則可視具體情況進(jìn)行增刪。據(jù)此
14、,我們?cè)谧x圖時(shí)一定要注意閱讀各圖中的一些細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,看其是否影響文章的內(nèi)容。 6. 注意所給的漢語(yǔ)提示。 一般說(shuō)來(lái),看圖寫(xiě)話(huà)中的漢語(yǔ)提示往往給定了有關(guān)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等相關(guān)信息,有的還規(guī)定了文章所采用的體裁,如使用書(shū)信、留言、日記等。因此,在審題時(shí)我們一定要注意所給的漢語(yǔ)提示。 常用句型: ①I(mǎi) was walking in a park when…h(huán)appened. ②I find it hard for me to… ③In my opinion, I think… ④ The picture tells us… 【考題鏈接】 (南京中考)上周日在秦淮河邊發(fā)
15、生了張明救落水小男孩的事情,請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖所描述的事情經(jīng)過(guò),為??挠⒄Z(yǔ)園地寫(xiě)一篇題為“A Brave Young Man”的英文稿件。 注意: 1. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng); 2. 語(yǔ)言通順,意思連貫,條理清楚,書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范; 3. 詞數(shù)80詞左右,文章的開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 A Brave Young Man It was a nice day last Sunday. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________
16、____________________________________ 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)是一篇看圖作文,主人公是張明和一個(gè)落水小男孩。首先,根據(jù)提示句“It was a nice day last Sunday.”確定要用一般過(guò)去時(shí),然后,根據(jù)四幅圖列出每幅圖的主要內(nèi)容: Picture l: Zhang Ming was fishing by the river. A little boy went to play nearby. Picture 2: The little boy was falling into the water. Picture 3: Zhan
17、g Ming jumped into the river immediately. Picture 4: Other people came to offer help. The boy was saved. 最后,再把這些主要內(nèi)容用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞連接成文。 One possible version A Brave Young Man It was a nice day last Sunday. Zhang Ming was fishing by the Qinhuai River when a little boy went to play nearby. Suddenly, Zh
18、ang Ming heard someone shouting for help. He looked around and found that the little boy was falling into the water. It was very dangerous. Zhang Ming jumped into the river immediately. He tried his best to pull the boy out of the river. At that time other people came to offer help. Finally, the bo
19、y was saved and he was very grateful. People all said Zhang Ming was very brave and helpful. We should learn from him. 圖表作文寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo) 圖表作文是以文字結(jié)合圖表作為寫(xiě)作信息提示的一種寫(xiě)作形式。該題型要求考生根據(jù)提供的圖表和文字提示,用英文完成書(shū)面表達(dá)任務(wù)。 1. 要認(rèn)真解讀圖表,切勿遺漏重要數(shù)據(jù)信息和細(xì)節(jié)提示,不必每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都涉及,但重要信息必須提到。 2. 圖表作文一般采用的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3. 圖表種類(lèi)有:表格、曲線(xiàn)圖、柱形圖和餅形圖。 4. 結(jié)論性的表
20、達(dá)要按部就班地從圖表、數(shù)據(jù)等信息分析、歸納而來(lái),這樣才能使語(yǔ)言更有說(shuō)服力,切忌主觀(guān)判斷,更不能主觀(guān)臆造,避免“I think / believe…”等類(lèi)似句式使用。 5. 圖表作文的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是三段式: 第一段:分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映出來(lái)的問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì),簡(jiǎn)要概述圖表所揭示的信息; 第二段:分析原因; 第三段:提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法或建議。 “世界無(wú)煙日(Non-smoking Day)”那天,某中學(xué)對(duì)該校學(xué)生的吸煙情況進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查,結(jié)果如圖所示。請(qǐng)就此話(huà)題用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。 要求: 1. 對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行描述; 2. 表明自己的看法并提出建議; 3. 所寫(xiě)內(nèi)容符合“世界無(wú)煙
21、日”的主題; 提示詞:do a survey about…(做一個(gè)有關(guān)……的調(diào)查) 3% of the students(百分之三的學(xué)生) A survey about smokers in a middle school tells that although 90% of all students never smoke, 3% of them often smoke and 7% sometimes do. In other words, 10% of the students smoke. That’s terrible. As we know, smoking is ha
22、rmful to our health. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of it. Smoking not only does harm to your health, but also wastes money. Because, a fire may be caused by cigarette ends. It’s a pity to learn that one ends in death by smoking. In all, smoking is so dangerous that we sho
23、uld keep away from it. 寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng) 1. 了解寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤,并用英語(yǔ)思維寫(xiě)作; 2. 如何利用所學(xué)知識(shí)寫(xiě)出亮點(diǎn)句子; 3. 常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作句式及有用諺語(yǔ)。 重點(diǎn):轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式,寫(xiě)出地道的英語(yǔ)。 難點(diǎn):真正地辨析英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的差異。 寫(xiě)作能力是體現(xiàn)考生英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)重要方面,是中考的必考題之一,通常占據(jù)15分。然而,受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響,許多學(xué)生不能寫(xiě)出地道的英語(yǔ)句子,不知道如何寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的英語(yǔ)作文。在作文中,常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較多,失分也較多。 一、常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤及解決策略 1. 審題不清 有些學(xué)生不認(rèn)真審題,不認(rèn)真分析所給材料的
24、重點(diǎn)和主題,丟三落四,要點(diǎn)不全。疏忽重點(diǎn)情節(jié)的表述,將其細(xì)枝末節(jié)大肆渲染,甚至畫(huà)蛇添足,無(wú)中生有。故而造成離題、偏題。 解決策略:書(shū)面表達(dá)題前都有說(shuō)明,明確指出所寫(xiě)材料的目的、對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、長(zhǎng)度等,同學(xué)們必須看清說(shuō)明,弄清題旨,努力做到根據(jù)指令審題,抓住要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)作文。這里最需要的是耐心和細(xì)致。 2. 邏輯紊亂 有的學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作之前沒(méi)有明晰思路,沒(méi)能想好先寫(xiě)什么后寫(xiě)什么,哪些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該詳寫(xiě),哪些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該略寫(xiě),而是一邊寫(xiě)一邊構(gòu)思,東拉西扯,寫(xiě)不到點(diǎn)子上,從而導(dǎo)致整個(gè)文章邏輯不清,結(jié)構(gòu)松散,層次感不強(qiáng),整篇文章不知所云。 解決策略:對(duì)所提供的情景要作分析,先寫(xiě)什么,后寫(xiě)什么,應(yīng)作統(tǒng)籌安排
25、,既不能按中文說(shuō)明逐句翻譯,更不能顛三倒四,語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次。要力求做到層次清楚,文理通順。在表達(dá)的過(guò)程中,善于抓住表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),正確使用過(guò)渡的關(guān)連詞,使文章自然地承上啟下,脈絡(luò)清晰。 3. 表達(dá)有誤 主謂不一致 ①And now many rivers becomes very dirty. And now many rivers become very dirty. ②Everything are going very well. Everything is going very well. ③David with his little brother go to the
26、park every Sunday. David with his little brother goes to the park every Sunday. ④There are a man teacher and two women teachers in the office. There is a man teacher and two women teachers in the office. 時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題 ①Her mother jumped into the lake and swimed to Joy. At last her mother saved Jo
27、y. They were all got wet. Her mother jumped into the lake and swam to Joy. At last her mother saved Joy. They all got wet. ②Tom’s mother jumped into the water. She saves her daughter at last. Tom’s mother jumped into the water. She saved her daughter at last. ③On Tree Planting Day, many trees
28、planted in Yongan Park. On Tree Planting Day, many trees were planted in Yongan Park. ④The 29th Olympic Games will hold in China. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in China. Chinglish 現(xiàn)象 ①Last Sunday, Ann with her mother and brother went to a park. The park with a lake. Last Sunday, Ann w
29、ent to a park with her mother and brother. There was a lake in the park. ②I and my classmates by bus to Dayang Foreign Language School. My classmates and I took a bus to Dayang Foreign Language School. 行文的邏輯性問(wèn)題 ①At once, she jumped into the water to save her daughter with her mother’s help.
30、 At once, she jumped into the water to save her daughter. ②But she wasn’t careful, so that she fell into the river. She wasn’t careful, and she fell into the river. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤 ①Don’t nervous. Don’t be nervous. ②Her teacher tells her study hard. Her teacher tells her to study hard. 解決策略:同學(xué)
31、們要掌握一定量的詞匯,精通大綱中要求掌握的詞法、句法知識(shí),從詞與詞組入手,訓(xùn)練自己的組句能力。平時(shí)培養(yǎng)用英語(yǔ)思維和口頭表達(dá)的交際能力,注意與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)不同的地方,多歸納。在應(yīng)試過(guò)程中,對(duì)于寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的單詞,應(yīng)設(shè)法避難就易,尋找替代詞(同義詞、反義詞)。 我們來(lái)看一篇學(xué)生習(xí)作,來(lái)找一找文中出現(xiàn)了哪些錯(cuò)誤: Dear my teacher, Leaving you-lovely junior school life, I have so many words from my heart to say. Since you became my English teacher three ye
32、ars ago, you’ve always been working hard. I won’t forget how interested ①your lessons are and how friendly you are. You’re strict with us in study and also take care for② us kindly. All my classmates agree we get on well with each other for these years. I still remember when I fail ③in an exam, you
33、encouraged me keep ④trying. When I had trouble in life, you told me to be brave. Because of your help, many students, including me, am ⑤more and more interested in English and make much prograss⑥, too. You have given me so much. Thank you again for what you’ve done for us! All the best to you!
34、 Yours, ××× 學(xué)生習(xí)作中有一些錯(cuò)誤需要指出,具體情況如下: ①單詞用法錯(cuò)誤。形容課堂有趣應(yīng)該用形容詞interesting。 ②搭配錯(cuò)誤。照顧應(yīng)表達(dá)為“take care of”。 ③時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。通過(guò)語(yǔ)境分析可知,“考試不及格”發(fā)生在過(guò)去,故將fail改為其過(guò)去式failed。 ④encourage后接不定式作賓補(bǔ),即enc
35、ourage sb. to do sth.,故將keep改為to keep。 ⑤該句的主語(yǔ)是many students,故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)改為are。 ⑥單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)將prograss改為progress。 4. 不注意英文書(shū)寫(xiě) 在做英文寫(xiě)作題時(shí),學(xué)生往往把注意力集中在表達(dá)上,常常忽視了書(shū)寫(xiě)質(zhì)量,如出現(xiàn)斷句,不注意大小寫(xiě),書(shū)寫(xiě)潦草等。秀麗的字體、整潔的卷面會(huì)使人賞心悅目,產(chǎn)生良好的心理感受,即使有些錯(cuò)誤,也可能不多扣分。反之,書(shū)寫(xiě)潦草,卷面邋遢,會(huì)使閱卷人心煩意亂,反感油然而生,哪怕錯(cuò)誤不多,也可能得不到應(yīng)得的分?jǐn)?shù)。 解決策略:在應(yīng)試時(shí),考生要嚴(yán)格按照材料的要求,在心里或在草稿紙上“排
36、好版”,擬好草稿,謄寫(xiě)時(shí)應(yīng)寫(xiě)好每一個(gè)單詞,標(biāo)好每一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn),切不可寫(xiě)得詞不成形,句不成行,隨意改動(dòng)。 二、如何寫(xiě)出亮點(diǎn)句子 1. 詞匯選擇——標(biāo)新立異 在寫(xiě)作中“較高級(jí)詞匯”的使用主要是指通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法變化來(lái)的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來(lái)代替常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)。在造句時(shí),“較高級(jí)詞匯”如能運(yùn)用得貼切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一個(gè),也會(huì)使你的作文與眾不同。如: 在周末我們做很多作業(yè)。 A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do. B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do. 分析:B句在表
37、達(dá)時(shí)沒(méi)有使用過(guò)于直接的a lot of,而是使用了endless。endless就是由《大綱》詞匯end加后綴-less變化來(lái)的。 父母希望我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。 A: Our parents wish us to work hard. B: Our parents wish us to put our heart into study. 青少年都喜歡電腦。 A: The teenagers like the computers. B: The teenagers are fond of the computers. 我們不應(yīng)該吃垃圾食品。 A: We shouldn’
38、t eat junk food. B: We should stay away from the junk food. 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)造句——與眾不同 在造句時(shí),既要使句子生動(dòng),又要使其簡(jiǎn)明扼要。 (1)使用與眾不同的表達(dá)方式,特別是打破漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。如: 唐山曾發(fā)生過(guò)一次大地震。 A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan. B: A terrible earthquake hit / struck Tangshan. 分析:大多數(shù)同學(xué)使用了there be結(jié)構(gòu),這是對(duì)的,但是B句卻摒棄了常見(jiàn)句式,另辟蹊
39、徑,使用了“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),且使用了terrible, hit / strike這樣的詞匯,更是難能可貴的。 (2)使用一些強(qiáng)勢(shì)句式,如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句等,增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)句的表現(xiàn)力。如: 我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)喜人很是高興。 A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陳述句) B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well!(感嘆句) 分析:B句使用了感嘆句,使句子更加生動(dòng),更加形象地反映出我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)喜人時(shí)的激動(dòng)心情
40、。 (3)句式多樣,復(fù)雜得體。在寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)避免使用相同長(zhǎng)度的相同句型,而應(yīng)注意句式的變化,如長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合,簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句與復(fù)合句共用,還可使用簡(jiǎn)化句等。如: 這是一套25平方米的住房,住房里面有臥室、洗澡間、廚房;臥室里有床、沙發(fā)、桌子和椅子等。 A: It’s a flat of 25 square meters. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a
41、 chair as well. B: It’a flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. 分析:B句使用了介詞with,使得句式更加簡(jiǎn)單,避免了句式重復(fù)。 注意:在有把握的情況下,同學(xué)們可以參照上文多寫(xiě)一些亮點(diǎn)句子,但是在考試時(shí)切記一定要寫(xiě)有把握的句子,句子正確是前提。如果為了使作文出彩而寫(xiě)出一些錯(cuò)句,那樣就更加得不償失了。 現(xiàn)在養(yǎng)寵物狗已成為很多人生活中的一部分,請(qǐng)你
42、寫(xiě)一篇短文談一談對(duì)養(yǎng)寵物狗的看法,內(nèi)容須含利弊兩方面。 提示: 1. 養(yǎng)寵物狗可給人帶來(lái)快樂(lè),消減孤獨(dú)與煩惱,陪伴并幫助家人解決一些困難等。 2. 養(yǎng)寵物狗會(huì)占用很多時(shí)間。寵物狗有一定危險(xiǎn)性,有時(shí)會(huì)傷害孩子。另外,它會(huì)給家人和鄰居帶來(lái)噪音,污染周?chē)h(huán)境等。 注意:不要將上述所給的提示直接譯成英文,要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮或調(diào)整。詞數(shù)約80詞左右。(句首已給出的部分不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)) How Do You Like Pet Dogs? Every morning, we can see many kinds of pet dogs led by the persons who walk around.
43、 Pet dogs have become a part of their lives. I think__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【審題指導(dǎo)】 1. 細(xì)讀所給的文字提示,提取信息:①這是一篇談?wù)擆B(yǎng)寵物狗利弊的議論文,要求考生全面分析,寫(xiě)出利弊;②應(yīng)該根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,不要逐一翻譯,可進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整使句意完整。 2. 以第三人稱(chēng)為主。 3. 該文是在談?wù)摃r(shí)下某一行
44、為的利弊,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 養(yǎng)寵物狗的利弊 要點(diǎn)提示 素材串聯(lián) 養(yǎng)寵物狗的益處 (1)給人們帶來(lái)樂(lè)趣(bring lots of pleasure) (2)讓人們減少孤獨(dú)和無(wú)聊(send us warmth...) (3)幫助家人解決一些問(wèn)題(solve some problems) (4)是我們的好朋友(our good friends) 養(yǎng)寵物狗的弊端 (1)花費(fèi)人們大量時(shí)間(plenty of time) (2)有時(shí)危險(xiǎn),傷害孩子和他人(hurt children and other people) (3)制造噪音(much noise) (4
45、)污染環(huán)境(pollute the environment) 【參考范文及點(diǎn)評(píng)】 How Do You Like Pet Dogs? Every morning, we can see many kinds of pet dogs led by the persons who walk around. Pet dogs have become a part of their lives. I think ①keeping pet dogs can ②bring lots of pleasure to people. S
46、ometimes, pet dogs can ②make people less lonely and bored, ③especially for the old. And they can also ②help the families ④who feed them solve some problems. They are really our good friends. But ⑤everything has two sides. ⑥It always takes us plenty of time to keep them. Sometimes, they hurt childr
47、en and other people, ⑦so it’s dangerous. ⑧Besides, they can bring us and neighborhood much noise. ⑧Polluting the environment is also a serious problem. ①動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),簡(jiǎn)化了句式,彰顯了作者寫(xiě)作技巧。 ②動(dòng)詞bring,make和help使用得十分恰當(dāng),形象地說(shuō)明了寵物狗的可愛(ài)及用途。 ③especially用于強(qiáng)調(diào),加深了讀者對(duì)后面名詞的認(rèn)識(shí)。 ④該句是由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,彰顯了作者駕馭從句的能力和扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底。 ⑤使
48、用格言點(diǎn)出任何事物都有利弊,形象生動(dòng),通俗易懂,增強(qiáng)了文章的可讀性。 ⑥句型“It takes sb. some time to sth.”使用恰當(dāng),形象地說(shuō)明了養(yǎng)寵物狗花費(fèi)人們時(shí)間的特征。 ⑦連詞so常用于議論文中,用于佐證自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 ⑧besides及后面的句子,采用了不同的句式論證寵物狗的弊端,使得文章跌宕起伏,增強(qiáng)了可讀性。 (答題時(shí)間:30分鐘) 1 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”為題,用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇演講稿。 背 景 1. 認(rèn)為上中學(xué)時(shí)吃好的穿好的是應(yīng)該的; 2. 走向社會(huì)后沒(méi)有感恩意識(shí)。 學(xué)會(huì)感恩
49、1. 感謝社會(huì)提供良好的教育機(jī)會(huì); 2. 感謝父母供養(yǎng)自己上學(xué); 3. 感謝老師傳授知識(shí); 4. 感謝朋友的支持與鼓勵(lì)。 參考詞匯:enter society 進(jìn)入社會(huì), sense of thanks 感恩意識(shí), behavior 行為 要求: 1. 短文應(yīng)包括所提供的所有內(nèi)容,可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯; 2. 演講稿中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、地名及能夠透露你個(gè)人身份的信息; 3. 詞數(shù):80詞左右。開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Learn to Express Thanks Good morning, boys and girls! The topic of m
50、y speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
51、__________________________________________________________________________________________ In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful. Thank you for your listening! 2 隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,我
52、們的生活將會(huì)發(fā)生許多變化,下面三幅圖片所描繪的情景有可能在未來(lái)的生活中變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí),同學(xué)們可結(jié)合圖片,發(fā)揮想象,展望未來(lái)的生活,以“Life in the Future”為題,用英文寫(xiě)一篇60~80字的短文(開(kāi)頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。 要求:書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范,語(yǔ)法正確,語(yǔ)句通順,主題鮮明(也可不受所給圖片的限制) As time goes by, there are going to be big changes in our everyday lives. For example, _____ _________________________________________________
53、_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 著名作家Francis Bacon曾說(shuō)過(guò):“Reading makes a full man.”可見(jiàn),閱讀對(duì)于每個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)都有著舉足輕重的作用。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下信息提示,結(jié)合自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn),以“Reading Makes a Full Man” 為題,寫(xiě)一篇90詞左右的短文,表達(dá)你對(duì)閱讀的看法和計(jì)劃。 要求:句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確,要點(diǎn)齊全,內(nèi)容合理,篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。
54、 1 Learn to Express Thanks Good morning, boys and girls! The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don’t show any sense of thanks. I think this behavior
55、 is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they give us courage and
56、 support. In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful. Thank you for your listening! 2 LIFE IN THE FUTURE As time goes by, there are going to be big changes in our everyday lives.
57、For example, cars are going to drive us to places without a driver. We’re going to tell the car where we want to go, and the car is going to get us there! Also, we can talk to people on small video telephones that we can wear like a watch. If we are free, there are cities under the sea or space stat
58、ions to visit. What about meals? It is easy- taking and only one pill is OK! 3 Reading Makes a Full Man Reading is very important in our life. We can get knowledge through reading. It can not only open our minds but also make us more intelligent. Besides, reading is also one of the most import
59、ant ways to learn a foreign language like English. Textbooks, newspapers, magazines and other kinds of reading materials can help us know more about the outside world and help us grow into an excellent person. I’m planning to read at least 5 books in the coming holiday. And I’ll spend more time reading every day in my senior high school life. Reading makes a full man! Let’s start reading now. 14
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