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密 級
分類號
編 號
成 績
本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文)
外 文 翻 譯
原 文 標(biāo) 題
Cooling water recirculation apparatus for an internal combustion engine
譯 文 標(biāo) 題
用于內(nèi)燃機(jī)的冷卻水循環(huán)裝置
作者所在系別
機(jī)電工程學(xué)院
作者所在專業(yè)
車輛工程
作者所在班級
B13142
作 者 姓 名
曾偉
作 者 學(xué) 號
201322422
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
孟立新
指導(dǎo)教師職稱
講師
完 成 時(shí) 間
2017
年
4
月
北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制
譯文標(biāo)題
用于內(nèi)燃機(jī)的冷卻水循環(huán)裝置
原文標(biāo)題
Cooling water recirculation apparatus for an internal combustion engine
作 者
譯 名
國 籍
原文出處
為了加速內(nèi)燃機(jī)的預(yù)熱運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)并迅速提升冷卻水的溫度，在發(fā)動機(jī)主體3和散熱器5之間使冷卻水再循環(huán)的散熱器側(cè)冷卻水循環(huán)回路E，加熱器側(cè)冷卻水提供了用于使發(fā)動機(jī)主體3和加熱器芯體7之間的冷卻水再循環(huán)的再循環(huán)回路F，以及用于使繞過散熱器5的冷卻水再循環(huán)的散熱器旁路回路G.流路切換閥15設(shè)置在發(fā)動機(jī)主體連通路14和散熱器旁路通路19合流為一個位置的位置，當(dāng)冷卻水流過散熱器側(cè)冷卻水再循環(huán)回路E時(shí)，的冷卻水超過散熱器水通道允許溫度T 1，并且當(dāng)其溫度不高于散熱器水通道允許溫度T 1時(shí)，允許冷卻水流過散熱器旁路回路G.流量控制閥23設(shè)置在加熱芯指向連通通道21的中途，用于當(dāng)冷卻水的溫度不高于加熱器水通過限度時(shí)減少流入加熱器芯7的冷卻水量溫度T 2。電水加熱器34設(shè)置在水套12內(nèi)。
通過使用安裝在冷卻水系統(tǒng)中的小型蓄熱器，可以防止在預(yù)熱期間排氣的故障。 這樣的冷卻系統(tǒng)包括：冷卻水通道，用于將從汽車發(fā)動機(jī)的冷卻水出口流出的冷卻水返回到通過散熱器的冷卻水入口;第一旁通通道，用于使冷卻水剛剛從冷卻水出口流出后返回到 通過散熱器的冷卻水入口，第二旁路通道，用于使冷卻水剛好從發(fā)動機(jī)的冷卻水出口流出到通過散熱器的冷卻水入口之后，將冷卻水通過散熱器的熱傳感部分 恒溫器，用于相應(yīng)于通過第一旁路通道安裝的發(fā)動機(jī)和蓄熱器的負(fù)載減小而相對于第二旁路通道擴(kuò)大與第一旁通通道的冷卻水流量比的流量調(diào)節(jié)閥。
發(fā)動機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)：??
??發(fā)動機(jī)的冷卻系有風(fēng)冷和水冷之分。以空氣為冷卻介質(zhì)的冷卻系成為風(fēng)冷系；以冷卻液為冷卻介質(zhì)的稱水冷系。?
?
??1、冷卻系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)??
??汽車發(fā)動機(jī)的冷卻系為強(qiáng)制循環(huán)水冷系，即利用水泵提高冷卻液的壓力，強(qiáng)制冷卻液在發(fā)動機(jī)中循環(huán)流動。冷卻系主要由水泵、散熱器、冷卻風(fēng)扇、補(bǔ)償水箱、節(jié)溫器、發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)體和氣缸蓋中的水套以及附屬裝置等組成。?
?
??在冷卻系統(tǒng)中，其實(shí)有兩個散熱循環(huán)：一個是冷卻發(fā)動機(jī)的主循環(huán)，另一個是車內(nèi)取暖循環(huán)。這兩個循環(huán)都以發(fā)動機(jī)為中心，使用是同一冷卻液。?
?
??一、冷卻發(fā)動機(jī)的主循環(huán)：??
??主循環(huán)中包括了兩種工作循環(huán)，即“冷車循環(huán)”和“正常循環(huán)”。冷車著車后，發(fā)動機(jī)在漸漸升溫，冷卻液的溫度還無法打開系統(tǒng)中的節(jié)溫器，此時(shí)的冷卻液只是經(jīng)過水泵在發(fā)動機(jī)內(nèi)進(jìn)行“冷車循環(huán)”，目的是使發(fā)動機(jī)盡快地達(dá)到正常工作溫度。隨著發(fā)動機(jī)的溫度，冷卻液溫度升到了節(jié)溫器的開啟溫度(通常這溫度在80℃后)，冷卻循環(huán)開始了“正常循環(huán)”。這時(shí)候的冷卻液從發(fā)動機(jī)出來，經(jīng)過車前端的散熱器，散熱后，再經(jīng)水泵進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)。?
?
??二、車內(nèi)取暖的循環(huán)：??
??這是一個取暖循環(huán)，但對于發(fā)動機(jī)來說，它同樣是一個發(fā)動機(jī)的冷卻循環(huán)。冷卻液經(jīng)過車內(nèi)的采暖裝置，將冷卻液的熱量送入車內(nèi)，然后回到發(fā)動機(jī)。有一點(diǎn)不同的是：取暖循環(huán)不受節(jié)溫器的控制，只要打開暖氣，這循環(huán)就開始進(jìn)行，不管冷卻液是冷的、還是熱的。?
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??2、冷卻系統(tǒng)部件分析??
??在整個冷卻系統(tǒng)中，冷卻介質(zhì)是冷卻液，主要零部件有節(jié)溫器、水泵、
水泵皮帶、散熱器、散熱風(fēng)扇、水溫感應(yīng)器、蓄液罐、采暖裝置(類似散熱器)。?
? 1)冷卻液：??
??冷卻液又稱防凍液，是由防凍添加劑及防止金屬產(chǎn)生銹蝕的添加劑和水組成的液體。它需要具有防凍性，防蝕性，熱傳導(dǎo)性和不變質(zhì)的性能?，F(xiàn)在經(jīng)常使用乙二醇為主要成分，加有防腐蝕添加及水的防凍液。?
2)節(jié)溫器：??
??從介紹冷卻循環(huán)時(shí)，可以看出節(jié)溫器是決定走“冷車循環(huán)”，還是“正常循環(huán)”的。節(jié)溫器在80℃后開啟，95℃時(shí)開度最大。節(jié)溫器不能關(guān)閉，會使循環(huán)從開始就進(jìn)入“正常循環(huán)”，這樣就造成發(fā)動機(jī)不能盡快達(dá)到或無法達(dá)到正常溫度。節(jié)溫器不能開啟或開啟不靈活，會使冷卻液無法經(jīng)過散熱器循環(huán)，造成溫度過高，或時(shí)高時(shí)正常。如果因節(jié)溫器不能開啟而引起過熱時(shí)，散熱器上下兩水管的溫度和壓力會有所不同。?
3)水泵：??
??水泵的作用是對冷卻液加壓，保證其在冷卻系中循環(huán)流動。水泵的故障通常為水封的損壞造成漏液，軸承毛病使轉(zhuǎn)動不正?；虺雎暋Ｔ诔霈F(xiàn)發(fā)動機(jī)過熱現(xiàn)象時(shí)，最先應(yīng)該注意的是水泵皮帶，檢查皮帶是否斷裂或松動。?
? 4)散熱器：??
??發(fā)動機(jī)工作時(shí)，冷卻液在散熱器芯內(nèi)流動，空氣在散熱器芯外通過，熱的冷卻液由于向空氣散熱而變冷。散熱器上還有一個重要的小零件，就是散熱器蓋，這小零件很容易被忽略。隨著溫度變化，冷卻液會“熱脹冷縮”，散熱器器因冷卻液的膨脹而內(nèi)壓增大，內(nèi)壓到一定時(shí)，散熱器蓋開啟，冷卻液流到蓄液罐；當(dāng)溫度降低，冷卻液回流入散熱器。如果蓄液罐中的冷卻液不見減少，散熱器液面卻有降低，那么，散熱器蓋就沒有工作！?
? 5)散熱風(fēng)扇：??
??正常行駛中，高速氣流已足以散熱，風(fēng)扇一般不會在這時(shí)候工作；但在慢速和原地運(yùn)行時(shí)，風(fēng)扇就可能轉(zhuǎn)動來助散熱器散熱。風(fēng)扇的起動由水溫感應(yīng)器控制。?
? 6)水溫感應(yīng)器：??
??水溫感應(yīng)器其實(shí)是一個溫度開關(guān)，當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)水溫度超出90℃以上，水溫感應(yīng)器將接通風(fēng)扇電路。如果循環(huán)正常，而溫度升高時(shí)，風(fēng)扇不轉(zhuǎn)，水溫感應(yīng)器和風(fēng)扇本身就需要檢查。?
? 7)蓄液罐：??
??蓄液罐的作用是補(bǔ)充冷卻液和緩沖“熱脹冷縮”的變化，所以不要加液過滿。如果蓄液罐完全用空，就不能僅僅在罐中加液，需要開啟散熱器蓋檢查液面并添加冷卻液，不然蓄液罐就失去功用。?
8)采暖裝置：??
??采暖裝置在車內(nèi)，一般不太出問題。從循環(huán)介紹可以看出，此循環(huán)不受節(jié)溫器控制，所以冷車時(shí)打開暖氣，這個循環(huán)是會對發(fā)動機(jī)的升溫有稍延后的影響，但影響實(shí)在不大，不用為了讓發(fā)動機(jī)升溫而使人凍著。也正因?yàn)檫@循環(huán)的特點(diǎn)，在發(fā)動機(jī)出現(xiàn)過熱的緊急情況下，打開車窗，暖氣開大最大，對發(fā)動機(jī)的降溫會有一定的幫助。?
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??3．冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)??
??冷卻系統(tǒng)的作用是在所有工況下，保證發(fā)動機(jī)在最適宜的溫度下工作，冷卻系統(tǒng)匹配的是否合適將直接影響到發(fā)動機(jī)的使用壽命和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，所以在冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算中，散熱器的選型以及風(fēng)扇的匹配對冷卻系統(tǒng)起著至關(guān)重要的作用。?
? 為便于組織氣流，散熱器布置在整車的前面，但由于受到整車布置空間的限制，在其前面還布置了空調(diào)冷凝器，這會增加風(fēng)阻，影響散熱器的進(jìn)風(fēng)量，從而影響冷卻系統(tǒng)的冷卻能力。風(fēng)扇布置在散熱器后面，靠風(fēng)扇電機(jī)帶動。?
總結(jié)：以上就是關(guān)于發(fā)動機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容。如還需更多相關(guān)農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)信息方可查閱其他文章。
附錄：外文原文
To accelerate a warming-up operation of an internal combustion engine and to quickly elevate a temperature of cooling water, a radiator side cooling water recirculation circuit E for recirculating the cooling water between an engine body 3 and a radiator 5, a heater side cooling water recirculation circuit F for recirculating the cooling water between the engine body 3 and a heater core 7, and a radiator bypass circuit G for recirculating the cooling water bypassing the radiator 5 are provided. A flow passage switching valve 15 is provided at a place where an engine body directed communication passage 14 and a radiator bypass passage 19 are merged into one flow, for allowing the cooling water to flow through the radiator side cooling water recirculation circuit E when the temperature of the cooling water exceeds a radiator water passage allowance temperature T 1 and for allowing the cooling water to flow through the radiator bypass circuit G when the temperature thereof is not higher than the radiator water passage allowance temperature T 1 . A flow rate control valve 23 is provided in a midway of a heater core directed communication passage 21, for reducing an amount of the cooling water flowing to the heater core 7 when the temperature of the cooling water is not higher than a heater water passage limit temperature T 2 . An electric heater 34 is provided within a water jacket 12.
By using a small heat accumulator installed in a cooling water system, malfunction of exhaust emission during warming up is prevented. Such a cooling system includes a cooling water passage for returning cooling water flowing from a cooling water outlet of an automotive engine to a cooling water inlet through a radiator, a first bypass passage for returning the cooling water just after flowing from the cooling water outlet to the cooling water inlet through the radiator, a second bypass passage for returning the cooling water just after flowing out from the cooling water outlet of the engine to the cooling water inlet through the radiator by supplying the cooling water near a heat-sensing portion of a thermostat, a flowing amount adjusting valve for enlarging a cooling water flowing ratio to the first bypass passage with respect to the second bypass passage corresponding to a reduction of a load of the engine and the heat accumulator installed through the first bypass passage.
Engine cooling system:
The cooling of the engine is air-cooled and water-cooled. The cooling system of the air as the cooling medium becomes the air-cooled system, and the coolant is the cooling medium. The following are the same as the "
The following are the same as the "
1, the circulation of the cooling system
The cooling of the automobile engine is a forced circulating water-cooled system, which uses a pump to increase the pressure of the coolant and forces the coolant to circulate in the engine. The cooling system is mainly composed of water pump, radiator, cooling fan, compensating water tank, thermostat, engine body and cylinder cover in the water jacket and ancillary equipment. The following are the same as the "
The following are the same as the "
In the cooling system, in fact, there are two cooling cycles: one is to cool the main engine cycle, the other is the car heating cycle. These two cycles are engine-centered and use the same coolant. The following are the same as the "
The following are the same as the "
First, the main engine cooling the engine:
The main cycle includes two working cycles, namely "cold cycle" and "normal cycle". After the cold car, the engine is gradually warming, the temperature of the coolant can not open the system of the thermostat, this time the coolant is only through the pump in the engine "cold cycle", the purpose is to make the engine as soon as possible Normal operating temperature. With the engine temperature, the coolant temperature rises to the opening temperature of the thermostat (usually at 80 ° C), the cooling cycle begins with a "normal cycle". This time the coolant from the engine out, through the front of the car radiator, heat, and then into the engine by the pump. The following are the same as the "
The following are the same as the "
Second, the car heating cycle:
This is a heating cycle, but for the engine, it is also an engine cooling cycle. Coolant through the car's heating device, the coolant heat into the car, and then back to the engine. The difference is that the heating cycle is not controlled by the thermostat, and as long as the heating is turned on, the cycle begins, regardless of whether the coolant is cold or hot. The following are the same as the "
The following are the same as the "
2, cooling system components analysis
In the entire cooling system, the cooling medium is coolant, the main parts of the thermostat, water pump,
Water pump belt, radiator, cooling fan, water temperature sensor, storage tank, heating device (similar to the radiator). The following are the same as the "
1) Coolant:
Coolant, also known as antifreeze, is made of antifreeze additives and metal to prevent corrosion of additives and water composition of the liquid. It needs to have antifreeze, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and non-degeneration of the performance. Now often use ethylene glycol as the main component, add anti-corrosion and water antifreeze. The following are the same as the "
????????2) Thermostat:
From the introduction of the cooling cycle, you can see the thermostat is decided to go "cold cycle", or "normal cycle". The thermostat opens at 80 ° C and opens at 95 ° C. The thermostat can not be closed, will make the cycle from the beginning into the "normal cycle", which will cause the engine can not reach or can not reach the normal temperature as soon as possible. The thermostat can not be opened or opened is not flexible, will make the coolant can not pass through the radiator cycle, causing the temperature is too high, or when the normal high. If the thermostat can not open due to overheating, the radiator up and down the two pipes and the temperature and pressure will be different. The following are the same as the "
????????3) Water pump:
The role of the pump is to cool the coolant to ensure that it circulates in the cooling system. Pump failure is usually caused by water damage caused by leakage, bearing problems that make the rotation is not normal or sound. In the event of engine overheating, the first thing to note is the pump belt, check the belt is broken or loose. The following are the same as the "
4) Radiator:
When the engine is in operation, the coolant flows in the radiator core, the air passes through the radiator core, and the hot coolant cools as it radiates heat to the air. There is also an important small radiator parts, is the radiator cover, this small parts can easily be ignored. With the temperature changes, the coolant will be "thermal expansion and contraction", the radiator due to the expansion of the coolant and internal pressure increases, the internal pressure to a certain time, the radiator cover open, coolant flow to the tank; Reduce the coolant back into the radiator. If the coolant in the tank can not be reduced, the radiator level is reduced, then the radiator cover is not working! The following are the same as the "
5) Cooling fan:
In normal operation, the high-speed airflow is sufficient to dissipate heat, the fan will not work at this time; but in the slow and in situ operation, the fan may turn to help radiator heat. The start of the fan is controlled by the water temperature sensor. The following are the same as the "
6) Water temperature sensor:
Water temperature sensor is actually a temperature switch, when the engine water temperature exceeds 90 ℃ above, the water temperature sensor will be connected to the fan circuit. If the cycle is normal and the temperature rises, the fan does not turn, the water temperature sensor and the fan itself need to be checked. The following are the same as the "
7) Storage tank:
The role of the tank is to supplement the coolant and buffer "thermal expansion and contraction" changes, so do not fill the liquid over. If the tank is completely empty, you can not just add liquid in the tank, you need to open the radiator cover to check the liquid level and add coolant, or storage tank will lose its function. The following are the same as the "
????8) Heating device:
Heating device in the car, generally not a problem. As can be seen from the cycle, this cycle is not controlled by the thermostat, so when the cold car to open the heating, this cycle will have a slight delay in the engine temperature, but the impact is not big, not to make the engine temperature Make people frozen. It is also because of the characteristics of this cycle, in the engine overheating of the emergency situation, open the window, heating the largest open, the cooling of the engine will have some help. The following are the same as the "
The following are the same as the "
3. Cooling system design
The effect of the cooling system is to ensure that the engine is operated at the optimum temperature in all operating conditions. The suitability of the cooling system to match will directly affect the service life of the engine and the fuel economy. Therefore, in the design and calculation of the cooling system, The selection of the radiator and the matching of the fans play a vital role in the cooling system. The following are the same as the "
In order to facilitate the organization of airflow, the radiator is arranged in front of the vehicle, but due to the layout of the vehicle layout space, in front of it is also arranged air conditioning condenser, which will increase the wind resistance, affecting the radiator into the air volume, thus affecting the cooling system Of the cooling capacity. The fan is arranged behind the radiator and is driven by the fan motor. The following are the same as the "
????Summary: The above is the main content of the engine cooling system. If you need more relevant agricultural technical information to access other articles.
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注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對譯文進(jìn)行評閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面：①翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的參考文獻(xiàn)；②翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；③譯文語言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。
2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。
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