支撐掩護式液壓支架設(shè)計【ZZ4000_17_35】【含8張CAD圖紙+PDF圖】
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附錄：
外文資料與中文翻譯
外文資料：
Hydraulic support technology development direction
At present, modern design theory in the three main schools, including the European schools, the system design method, the United States of America 's schools of design principle and Japanese schools of general design theory. On the modern design theories and methods concerned, modern design theory and method is still under development and perfect process. The current theory is more mature and widespread application of modern design method including mechanical and electrical product design, computer aided design, optimization design, computer aided engineering design CAE, tribological design and reliability design. Long wall fully mechanized coal mining technology in China is the leading direction of development, according to the different condition of mine, a coal mine hydraulic support development will make different demands. Conditions of large safety and high efficient mine, focus on the development of large resistance, high reliability, electro-hydraulic control system of hydraulic support, complex conditions of the mine development focuses on adaptation of difficult mining seam of various bracket, a large number of small and medium-sized mine will undertake technical reformation, promote the use of compact type hydraulic support.
In 1， the design idea and design method
The innovative design concept is the hydraulic support technology innovation is essential, through active international digestion and absorption of advanced technologies, changing the traditional design concept, the reliability as the primary goal. Using the method of modern optimization design, dynamic design of3D CAD,3D CAD parametric design system development, system reliability design. The further development of bracket structure analysis software system, perfect the structure finite element analysis software system and practical, perfect the design of hydraulic control system, to strengthen detail design.
2, improve the standard system
Standard is the technical guarantee for the development, establish and improve the coal mine support equipment technical standard system is the important task of technical development. After many years of efforts, China has formed a relatively complete MT coal mine support equipment technology industry standard system. However, with the progress of technology and the WTO international economic integration, these standards are mostly has not adapted to the current development of technology, it is urgent to establish a new national standard, for the establishment of national standards system of hydraulic support.
3, the development of improved frame type
With the continuous development of safe and high efficient mine construction of long wall fully mechanized mining equipment, production capacity and reliability have become increasingly demanding, support to large working resistance, high reliability, direction of development. Full-seam mining general support to continue toward two columns cover type development, and will further expand the scope of application, large angle bracket, thin coal layer bracket,6 ～7m thick coal seam full-seam mining bracket, three soft difficult mining seam support will continue to develop new frame type structure. Caving support in the continued development of type at the same time, the two pillar caving support will gradually become the dominant type of frame. End support of forepoling and other special bracket will get extensive attention and development.
4, materials upgrading
With the stent to large working resistance and high reliability, support weight also increases ceaselessly, to the transportation, handling and installation and other aspects of how to bring very great difficulty, under the premise of ensuring the strength, reduce the weight of support design of bracket is an urgent need to solve the problem, the use of high-strength steel is the most effective way to.
5, column and jack sealing structure and sealing ring
At present, domestic hydraulic support column, jack sealing performance is one of the most outstanding weak links, most were still in with a rubber sealing ring, a portion of the stent used homebred polyurethane sealing ring sealing structure, but its old, homebred polyurethane sealing ring and poor quality stability, in order to completely solve the support column and jack sealing structure and sealing ring exists problems, Beijing mining has been carried out for more than two years of research and experiments, obtained three patents. Still need from the sealing structure, sealing mechanism, sealing material, sealing ring structure, sealing ring molding technology and many other aspects of in-depth research, development of high reliability polyurethane sealing ring. Realization of column and jack sealing structure and sealing ring replacement is support technology development trend.
6, electro-hydraulic control system
Electrohydraulic control is an important direction of the development of hydraulic support technology. Coal mine hydraulic support electrohydraulic control system for fully mechanized coal face automation control system 's core, which is based on network technology, realize the shearer position detection and hydraulic support with automatic control, and can realize hydraulic support and supporting facilities of the inspection and monitoring management, implementation of the ground communication and remote control. At present, the developed countries have generally adopted hydraulic support electro-hydraulic control system, China, Yanzhou, Jincheng, Shendong mining area and some new large-scale mine but also by a large number of electro-hydraulic control system. Hydraulic support electrohydraulic control is achieved by working surface automation precondition of safe and high efficient mine, is the inevitable choice from coal mines in our country at present technical and economic conditions and benefit, electro hydraulic control hydraulic support is mainly used for an annual output of 4000000 tons of a mining full height face, more than 6000000 tons of coal caving face and thin coal seam efficient mining of working face.
Foreign electro-hydraulic control system development has reached a stage of maturity. China's hydraulic support electrohydraulic control system is still in the development stage of research and development, also not related to the electronic control system products. Domestic electric hydraulic control system of the main problems is the key component of electro-hydraulic control system for coal mine fully mechanized mining working face production environment of poor adaptation, electro-hydraulic control system components between the parameters matching and performance matching is not quite reasonable, electro-hydraulic control system reliability index is still relatively low problem. Under the present conditions, electro-hydraulic control system is mainly used for foreign products or supporting the core components of the foreign mature products. At the same time, we should develop the high reliability of manual flow fast moving system, large flow safety valve and a variety of large flow hydraulic components, improving the reliability of control system of supporting frame.
中文翻譯：
液壓支架技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向
目前，現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論的三大主要流派，包括，歐洲流派的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法、美國的流派的設(shè)計原理和日本流派的一般設(shè)計學(xué)。就現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論和方法的范疇而言，現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論和方法還在不斷地發(fā)展和完善過程中。目前理論較為成熟和應(yīng)用廣泛的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法包括機電產(chǎn)品造型設(shè)計、計算機輔助設(shè)計、優(yōu)化設(shè)計、計算機輔助工程設(shè)計CAE、摩擦學(xué)設(shè)計和可靠性 設(shè)計等。長壁綜采是我國煤炭開采技術(shù)的主導(dǎo)發(fā)展方向，根據(jù)礦井條件的不同，對煤礦液壓支架的發(fā)展將提出不同要求。條件好的大型安全高效礦井，重點發(fā)展大工作阻力、高可靠性、電液控制液壓支架，條件復(fù)雜的礦井重點發(fā)展適應(yīng)難采煤層的各種支架，大批中小礦井將進行技術(shù) 改造，推廣使用以緊湊型為主的液壓支架。
1、更新設(shè)計理念和設(shè)計方法
設(shè)計理念的創(chuàng)新是液壓支架技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的根本，通過積極消化吸收國際先進技術(shù)， 改變傳 統(tǒng)的設(shè)計理念，把可靠性作為首要目標(biāo)。采用現(xiàn)代優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法，三維CAD動態(tài)設(shè)計，開發(fā)三維CAD參數(shù)化設(shè)計系統(tǒng)、系統(tǒng)可靠性設(shè)計。進一步開發(fā)支架結(jié)構(gòu)分析計算軟件系統(tǒng)，完善結(jié)構(gòu)有限元分析軟件系統(tǒng)及實用化，完善液壓控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，加強細節(jié)設(shè)計。
2、完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是技術(shù)發(fā)展的保障，建立完善的煤礦支護設(shè)備技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系是技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要任務(wù)。 經(jīng)過多年的努力，我國已形成了較完整的MT煤礦支護設(shè)備技術(shù)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。但是，隨著技術(shù)的進步和WTO國際經(jīng)濟一體化，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大多已不適應(yīng)當(dāng)前技術(shù)發(fā)展要求，急需制定新的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進行建立液壓支架國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的研究。
3、架型改進發(fā)展
隨著安全高效礦井建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，對長壁綜采設(shè)備生產(chǎn)能力和可靠性的要求越來越高，支架向大工作阻力、高可靠性方向發(fā)展。一次采全高普通支架繼續(xù)向著兩柱掩護式發(fā)展，并將進一步擴大適用范圍，大傾角支架、薄煤層支架、6～7m特厚煤層一次采全高支架、三軟難采煤層支架等將不斷發(fā)展新架型結(jié)構(gòu)。放頂煤支架在繼續(xù)發(fā)展四柱式的同時，兩柱式放頂煤支架將逐漸發(fā)展成為主導(dǎo)架型之一。端頭支護和順槽超前支護等特殊支架將得到廣泛重視和發(fā)展。
4、材料的升級換代
隨著支架向大工作阻力和高可靠性要求的提高，支架重量也不斷增加，給運輸、搬運和 安裝等環(huán)節(jié)帶來了很大困難，如何在保證強度的前提下，減輕支架重量是支架設(shè)計中迫切需 要解決的問題，采用高強度鋼材是最有效的途徑。
5、立柱和千斤頂新型密封結(jié)構(gòu)和密封圈
目前，國產(chǎn)液壓支架立柱、千斤頂?shù)拿芊庑阅苁亲钔怀龅谋∪醐h(huán)節(jié)，大多數(shù)仍在用橡膠密封圈，部分支架采用了國產(chǎn)聚氨酯密封圈，但其密封結(jié)構(gòu)陳舊，國產(chǎn)聚氨酯密封圈質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性差，為了徹底解決支架立柱和千斤頂新型密封結(jié)構(gòu)和密封圈存在的問題，北京開采所已進行了兩年多的研究和實驗，取得三項專利。尚需從密封結(jié)構(gòu)、密封機理、密封材料、密封 圈結(jié)構(gòu)形式、密封圈成型工藝等諸多方面進行深入的研究，研制出高可靠性聚氨酯密封圈。 實現(xiàn)立柱和千斤頂新型密封結(jié)構(gòu)和密封圈的更新?lián)Q代是支架技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。
6、電液控制系統(tǒng)
電液控制是液壓支架技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向。 煤礦液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)是煤礦綜采工作面自動化系統(tǒng)控制的核心，其是以網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，實現(xiàn)采煤機位置檢測和液壓支架的跟機 自動控制，并且可實現(xiàn)液壓支架及其配套設(shè)施的檢測監(jiān)控綜合管理，實現(xiàn)地面通訊和遠程控 制 。目前，發(fā)達國家的液壓支架已普遍采用電液控制系統(tǒng)，我國神東、兗州、晉城等礦區(qū)和一些新建大型礦井也大量采用電液控制系統(tǒng)。液壓支架電液控制是實現(xiàn)工作面自動化的前 提條件，是安全高效礦井的必然選擇從目前我國煤礦技術(shù)經(jīng)濟條件和效益出發(fā)，電液控制 液壓支架主要用于年產(chǎn)400萬噸以上一次采全高長壁工作面、600萬噸以上放頂煤工作面和薄 煤層高效開采工作面。
國外電液控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)達到成熟階段。我國液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展還處于 研究開發(fā)階段，還沒有相關(guān)的電控系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品。國產(chǎn)電液控制系統(tǒng)存在的主要問題是電液控制系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵元部件對煤礦井下綜采工作面生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力較差，電液控制系統(tǒng)元部件之間的參數(shù)匹配和性能匹配還不太合理，電液控制系統(tǒng)整體可靠性指標(biāo)還比較低等問題。在目前條件下，電液控制系統(tǒng)主要采用國外產(chǎn)品配套或核心部件采用國外成熟產(chǎn)品。與此同時，應(yīng) 大力發(fā)展高可靠性手動大流量快速移架系統(tǒng)、大流量安全閥和各種大流量液壓元件， 提高支架控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性。
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