高三英語(yǔ)循序?qū)懽髅恐芤痪聿讲降歉?/h1>
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1、word 第一步從寫(xiě)對(duì)句子開(kāi)始(用時(shí)3周) 寫(xiě)作中寫(xiě)對(duì)句子是最基本的要求,其中最重要的一點(diǎn)是句子結(jié)構(gòu)要完整。所以,同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)一定要從掌握最基本的句子成分和基本句式做起,通過(guò)觀摩、背誦、仿寫(xiě),最終寫(xiě)出準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤的句子。在高考中即使你的作文不能寫(xiě)得漂漂亮亮、洋氣十足,也一定要寫(xiě)得像模像樣,硬傷不多!所以學(xué)寫(xiě)作,要先從最基本的句子抓起。 第一周 各司其職的8大句子成分 句子由各個(gè)組成部分構(gòu)成,這些組成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)等。 一、主語(yǔ)——句子的主體 主語(yǔ)是句子的主體,是句子所要說(shuō)明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是誰(shuí)或
2、什么。更確切地說(shuō),主語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者。主語(yǔ)通常由名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句等充當(dāng)。 The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.(2015·高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)) 我們班最明顯的問(wèn)題是缺少互動(dòng)和協(xié)作。(名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 1.有時(shí)放棄一些東西可能意味著得到的更多。(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)) Sometimes giving_up_a_little can mean getting more.(201
3、5·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 2.如何與別人友好相處是你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)的第二件事。(不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)) How_to_get_along_well_with_others is the second thing you should learn.(2014·高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 3.我打算告訴你的是關(guān)于我們學(xué)校向你們中文班贈(zèng)書(shū)之事。(從句作主語(yǔ)) What_I_am_going_to_tell_you is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.(2015·高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 二、謂語(yǔ)——主語(yǔ)的行為 謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)的行
4、為動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化;系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),系表結(jié)構(gòu)才可以作謂語(yǔ);助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”可以作謂語(yǔ)。 Half an hour later, I managed to find the right answer.(2015·高考短文寫(xiě)作) 半小時(shí)后,我設(shè)法找到了正確答案。(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 1.我認(rèn)為今天的孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)著尊敬長(zhǎng)輩。(“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+定義動(dòng)詞”作謂語(yǔ)) I think today's children should_learn to respe
5、ct their elders. 2.手表在我們?nèi)粘I钪惺潜匾模墓δ芴?jiǎn)單呆板了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)) The watch is_necessary in our daily life, but its function is_too_simple_and_dull.(2014·高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 三、賓語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)幼鞯膶?duì)象 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的后面??梢杂米髻e語(yǔ)的有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句等。 I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.(2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)
6、) 我設(shè)法說(shuō)服我的同學(xué)們接受我的想法。(不定式作賓語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 1.我真的希望你能給我一些如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的好的建議。(從句作賓語(yǔ)) I really hope that_you_can_give_me_some_good_advice on how to study English.(2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 2.他突然想在啟程之前再看看這座城市的美景。(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) Suddenly he thought of seeing_the_beautiful_views_of_the_city_again before setting out. 四、表語(yǔ)
7、——主語(yǔ)的特征 表語(yǔ)與前面的系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)(系表結(jié)構(gòu)),用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、類(lèi)屬、狀態(tài)、身份等。可以用作表語(yǔ)的有:名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句等。 Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.(2015·高考短文寫(xiě)作) 盡管答案有些奇怪,但只有我對(duì)此產(chǎn)生了懷疑。(形容詞作表語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 幾分鐘過(guò)去了,但是整個(gè)班級(jí)一片寂靜。(介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)) Several minutes passed but t
8、he whole class was in_plete_silence.(2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 五、定語(yǔ)——名詞的修飾語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)描述名詞的品質(zhì)與特征的修飾語(yǔ),它常和名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。可以用作定語(yǔ)的有:形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句等。 Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life,which must be very interesting.(2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 最后,我要問(wèn)一些關(guān)于他個(gè)人生活的問(wèn)題,這一定很有趣。(從句作定語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練]
9、 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 彼此坦誠(chéng)相待是交友的最好方法。(不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)) Being honest with each other is the best way to_make_friends. 六、狀語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)釉~、形容詞、副詞或句子的修飾語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)是用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的一種成分。可以用作狀語(yǔ)的有:副詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和從句等。 Time permitting,I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a be
10、tter relationship.(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ滿(mǎn)分作文) 時(shí)間允許的話(huà),我希望有更多的業(yè)余時(shí)間和朋友一起度過(guò),這樣我們就會(huì)有更加良好的關(guān)系。 (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和從句作狀語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 1.旅行了一周后,他回到了家,感到很累但很高興。(形容詞作狀語(yǔ)) After a week's trip, he returned home, tired_but_very_happy. 2.為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我和同學(xué)們進(jìn)行了討論,想出了一個(gè)建議并匯報(bào)給了校長(zhǎng)。(不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) In_order_to_solve_this_problem,_my classma
11、tes and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.(2014·高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 七、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)——賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)意義的句子成分叫做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)意義的句子成分叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。可以用作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有:形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等。 ①Hopefully, these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese
12、 better.(2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 這些書(shū)籍有望幫助同學(xué)們更好地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解漢語(yǔ)。(不定式短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)) ②Our country will be made more and more beautiful if we try our best. 如果我們竭盡全力,我們的國(guó)家將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越美麗。(形容詞作主補(bǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 科普書(shū)能幫助我們學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)和自然更感興趣。(不定式作賓補(bǔ)) Popular science books can help us students to_bee_more_interested_in_ science _and_na
13、ture.(2014·高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 八、同位語(yǔ)——同等重要的修飾語(yǔ) 對(duì)句子中的某一成分作進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明,與前面的成分在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語(yǔ)。可以用作同位語(yǔ)的有:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句等。 We are going to the local nursing home for the ing Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ滿(mǎn)分作文) 我們打算去當(dāng)?shù)匾患揖蠢显哼^(guò)即將到來(lái)的重陽(yáng)節(jié),該節(jié)日顯示了我們對(duì)老年人
14、的尊重。(名詞作同位語(yǔ)) [即時(shí)演練] 根據(jù)括號(hào)的提示完成句子 一方面,我非常自信能在考試中做好;另一方面,我感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)緊,盡管考試并不難。(從句作同位語(yǔ)) On the one hand, I have strong belief that_I_will_do_well_in_the_exam;_on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though it's not difficult.(2014·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) [綜合演練提能] Ⅰ.分析句子成分 1. ①狀語(yǔ)②主語(yǔ)③謂語(yǔ)④賓語(yǔ)⑤狀語(yǔ) 2. ①狀語(yǔ)?、谥髡Z(yǔ)?、壑^語(yǔ)?、苜e語(yǔ)
15、 3. ①主語(yǔ)?、谥^語(yǔ)?、圪e語(yǔ) ④賓補(bǔ) ⑤狀語(yǔ) 4. ①主語(yǔ)?、诙ㄕZ(yǔ)?、壑^語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)) 5. ①狀語(yǔ) ②主語(yǔ)?、壑^語(yǔ)?、苤餮a(bǔ) 6. ①主語(yǔ)?、谥^語(yǔ)?、弁徽Z(yǔ) Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文 (2016·東北三校高三聯(lián)考)Good morning, everyone!It's my honor ①to_be_here_to _make_a_short_speech (在這里作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的報(bào)告,用不定式短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)). Recently I have found ②that_some_of_our_classmates_can't_study_effectivel
16、y (我們一些同學(xué)不能有效地學(xué)習(xí),用賓語(yǔ)從句).Some can't help falling asleep in class, ③because_they_often_study_too_late_into_the_night (因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜,用狀語(yǔ)從句). Others seldom have sports, ④which_surely_does_harm_to_their_health (這確實(shí)對(duì)他們的健康有害,用定語(yǔ)從句). As we know, enough sleep is ⑤of_great_importance(非常重要,用介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)) for us Seni
17、or 3 students. We can concentrate our mind in class with sufficient sleep, so we should try to make wise use of our time, ⑥making_a_balance_between_work_and_leisure (在學(xué)習(xí)和休息上取得平衡,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)). Besides, ⑦doing_proper_exercise_every_day (每天適當(dāng)?shù)劐憻?,用?dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)) can benefit us a lot, keeping fit, reducing stress
18、and so on. Let's spare some time ⑧to_do_all_kinds_of_sports (做各種運(yùn)動(dòng),用不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)). And only in this way can we keep a good mood and study well. That's all. Thank you for listening! 第二周 萬(wàn)變不離其宗的5種基本句式 句子成分構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)中各種各樣的句子,其實(shí)英語(yǔ)中最基本的句式只有五種,其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來(lái)。五種基本句式如下: 一、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞) 該句式常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
19、其特點(diǎn)為:句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 ①This_campwill open on July 20th. (2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 訓(xùn)練營(yíng)將于7月20號(hào)開(kāi)始。 ②Bathed in the sunshine, wejumped and cheered with joy.(2013·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 沐浴在陽(yáng)光中,我們高興得歡呼雀躍。 [即時(shí)演練] 完成句子 1.為了保持健康,我們應(yīng)該定期鍛煉。 In order to keep fit, we_should_exercise_regularly. 2.因此
20、,這種新鞋最近才問(wèn)世。 Therefore, this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_e_into_being recently.(2014·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 3.這里高樓林立、綠樹(shù)成蔭。 Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly. 二、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ) 該句式特點(diǎn)為:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,都是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等來(lái)充當(dāng)),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能表達(dá)完整的意思。 ①I(mǎi)appreciat
21、edmy maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.(2015·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 我非常感謝我的數(shù)學(xué)老師的稱(chēng)贊和鼓勵(lì)。 ②At the age of twelve, Igota nice bike as a birthday gift.(2014·某某高考寫(xiě)作) 十二歲時(shí),我得到了一輛漂亮的自行車(chē)作為生日禮物。 [點(diǎn)津] 該句式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 ③As an outgoing girl, Iget along well withmy classmates.(2015·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 作為一名外向
22、的女孩,我和同學(xué)們相處得很好。 [即時(shí)演練] 完成句子 1.最后,我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常參加運(yùn)動(dòng)和戶(hù)外活動(dòng)。 Finally, we_should_take_part_in_sports_and_outdoor_activities frequently.(2014·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 2.最近幾年,我們已經(jīng)互相培養(yǎng)了良好的友誼。 Over the years, we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other. 三、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 該句式就是常說(shuō)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。此句式側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用系動(dòng)詞(主要是be動(dòng)詞),
23、表語(yǔ)多為形容詞,也可以是名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式及分詞等。 ①The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá)) 我們報(bào)紙的“外國(guó)文化”欄目非常受我們學(xué)生的歡迎。 ②Such_a_positive_attitude towards life can behelpful in lifting your spirits.(2014·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 這種對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度有助于振奮你的情緒。 [即時(shí)演練] 完成句子 1.在我看來(lái),一個(gè)沒(méi)有朋友的人
24、永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)幸福。 In my opinion, a person without friends can_never_be_happy.(2014·某某高考寫(xiě)作) 2.總之,我的生活會(huì)越來(lái)越豐富多彩。 In a word, my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful.(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá)) 3.總而言之,鄉(xiāng)村生活比城市生活對(duì)健康更有利。 In conclusion, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life. 四、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
25、 該句式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個(gè)是表示人的間接賓語(yǔ);一個(gè)是表示物的直接賓語(yǔ)。一般間接賓語(yǔ)在前面,直接賓語(yǔ)在后面。 ①First heshowedusthe basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.(2015·高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 首先他向我們展示了做面人的基本步驟和技能。 ②At the same time, parentsare givingtheir childrentoo much protection.(2013·某某高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 同時(shí),父母給孩子的保護(hù)太多了。 [即時(shí)演練] 完成句子 1.格林
26、先生將就如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)給我們作一場(chǎng)報(bào)告。 Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well. 2.幸運(yùn)的是,她答應(yīng)給我一個(gè)重新面試的機(jī)會(huì)。 Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview. 五、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 該句式中的謂語(yǔ)雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況的,直接跟在賓語(yǔ)之后。 ①Your_contributionw
27、ill certainly makethe eventa huge success.(2014·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 你的貢獻(xiàn)將會(huì)使得這次活動(dòng)獲得巨大成功。 ②Obviously, a_good_learning_habitcan helpusto speed up to reach our destinations.(2013·某某高考滿(mǎn)分作文) 顯而易見(jiàn),一個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣能幫助我們盡快達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)。 [即時(shí)演練] 完成句子 1.作為一名中學(xué)生,我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)非常重要的科目。 As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very
28、_important_subject. 2.從古代起,人們就把早起視為好習(xí)慣。 People have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times. [綜合演練提能] Ⅰ.判斷下列句子所屬的類(lèi)型 1.In other words, we are the master of our own future. 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞
29、)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞) 4.Should we sacrifice our children's future for our own interests? 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ) 5.Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1.現(xiàn)在在中學(xué)里課外活動(dòng)正
30、變得越來(lái)越普及。(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)) Nowadays after-class activities are_being_more_and_more_popular in high schools. 2.我們尚未決定什么時(shí)候再討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)) We haven't decided when_to_discuss_the_problem_again. 3.奶奶昨晚給我講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)) Granny told_me_a_very_interesting_story last night. 4.每天早上我們都能聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。
31、(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) Every morning we hear him read_English_aloud. 5.早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)) Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit. 6.最近10年,我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)) Great_changes_have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years. 7.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)是通往如此豐富知識(shí)的橋梁。(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) You wil
32、l find English_a_bridge to so much knowledge. 8.我真的很感謝你過(guò)來(lái)幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)) I really appreciate_your_ing_over to help me with my math. Ⅲ.按要求完成下列題目 (Ⅰ)用簡(jiǎn)單句翻譯下列各句,并標(biāo)出所屬的基本句式 1.你已經(jīng)讓我了解了你們美麗的城市。 You've_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 2. 我將要告訴你有關(guān)我的家鄉(xiāng)江城的一些事情。 I'll
33、_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)) 3.這座城市位于長(zhǎng)江沿岸。 The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)) 4.它是一個(gè)供人們居住的美麗的地方。 It_is_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in.(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)) 5.近十年來(lái)它的經(jīng)濟(jì)一直在迅猛發(fā)展。 Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_year
34、s.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)) 6.像污染一樣的新問(wèn)題正變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。 _New_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_being_more_and_more_serious.(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)) 7.江城應(yīng)該科學(xué)地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。 Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically._(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)) 8.這種發(fā)展應(yīng)該使得人們?cè)絹?lái)越幸福。 The_development_should_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) (Ⅱ)適當(dāng)添加細(xì)節(jié)用
35、6個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句將(Ⅰ)中的句子合并成一篇短文 You've_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city._Now_I'll_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng._The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River,_a_ beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in._Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_ past_ten_years._However,_new_pro
36、blems,_such_as_pollution_are_being_more_and_ more_serious._Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically_so_as_to_make_its_ people_happier_and_happier. 第三周 考場(chǎng)作文常見(jiàn)的3類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤及防X措施 一、考場(chǎng)作文常見(jiàn)的3類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤 考場(chǎng)作文常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤主要分為三類(lèi):詞匯類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤和漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)。 (一)詞匯類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤 考試時(shí),我們很容易出現(xiàn)單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤和詞形變化錯(cuò)誤;而詞性不清和詞匯用法方面的錯(cuò)誤主要還是受漢語(yǔ)的影響。其應(yīng)對(duì)措
37、施是在備考時(shí)要多注意容易拼錯(cuò)或容易出現(xiàn)詞形變化的單詞,真正用心去體會(huì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的詞性和運(yùn)用,對(duì)一些固定習(xí)語(yǔ)更不能想當(dāng)然地改動(dòng)。 1.單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤 誤:Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students. 正:Our English teacher is friendly but verystrictwith us students. 2.詞形變化錯(cuò)誤 誤:People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 正:Peoplethre
38、wcans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 3.詞性不清錯(cuò)誤 誤:Doing a part-time job always effects study. 正:Doing a part-time job always affects study. 4.詞匯用法錯(cuò)誤 誤:He opened the light after he entered the room. 正:Heturned on the light after he entered the room. 5.擅自改動(dòng)習(xí)語(yǔ) 誤:We lost the game, bu
39、t we didn't lose our heart. 正:We lost the game, but we didn'tlose heart. [即時(shí)演練] 改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤 1.We must try our best to prevent the enviroment from being polluted. enviroment→environment 2.There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with writen English. writen→written 3.Durin
40、g my summer vacation, I spent half a month in the country and played very happy. happy→happily 4.We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English.notice→pay_attention_to 5.Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.in_the_front_of→in_front_of_ (二)語(yǔ)法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤
41、 一個(gè)正確的句子除了用詞得當(dāng)外,語(yǔ)法也應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。如果語(yǔ)法不正確,再好的構(gòu)思也難以正確地表達(dá),語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的多少會(huì)直接影響作文的檔次。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中語(yǔ)法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在:時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤、比較級(jí)使用錯(cuò)誤、多余的詞以及平行錯(cuò)誤等。 1.時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 誤:Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 正:Children who are raised in poor families can ge
42、nerally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤 誤:paring with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 正:paredwith other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 3.主謂一致錯(cuò)誤 誤:My hobby is widespread, which include draw
43、ing, collecting stamps and so on. 正:My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 4.比較級(jí)使用錯(cuò)誤 誤:With the development of transportation, the world seems to be gettingmore andmore smaller. 正:With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller
44、andsmaller. 5.多余的詞 誤:On one day,he went to the cinema. 正:One day,he went to the cinema. 6.平行錯(cuò)誤 誤:Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer. 正:Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer. [即時(shí)演練] 改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤 1.In the morni
45、ng, we had bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.去掉had 2.Not only Tom but also I are tired of one examination after another.are→am more→much或去掉more__ 4.There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.happened→happening 5.More and more people entered into the hall, so it be
46、came crowded.去掉into (三)漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ) 一般來(lái)說(shuō),英漢兩種語(yǔ)言既有許多相似之處,又有許多不同之處。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)如果想當(dāng)然地去寫(xiě),會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ),其中主要包括:純漢語(yǔ)式思維和漢語(yǔ)式語(yǔ)序、句子成分殘缺、句子粘連以及搭配不當(dāng)?shù)取? 1.純漢語(yǔ)式思維和漢語(yǔ)式語(yǔ)序 誤:At this school studying, I really very happy. 正:Studying at this school, I am really very happy. 2.句子成分殘缺 誤:There are many students don't support the proj
47、ect. 正:There are many students who don't support the project. 3.句子粘連 誤:On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun. 正:On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun. 4.搭配不當(dāng) 誤:We walked a far way before planting trees. 正:We walked a long w
48、ay before planting trees. 誤:Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. 正:With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. [即時(shí)演練] 改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤 1.We are impossible to finish the work in such a short time.We_are_impossible→It_ is_impossible_for_us
49、 2.It's known that the cost in big cities is very expensive.expensive→high 3.He has greatly improved his spoken English by this way.by→in或way→means 4.I haven't heard from your letter for a long time and I miss you very much. your_letter→you 5.He has three sons, all of them work in Beijing.在逗號(hào)后加
50、and或them→whom 二、防X出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的2個(gè)措施 寫(xiě)對(duì)句子是作文得高分的關(guān)鍵和保證,考場(chǎng)上要避免上述低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,可采取以下兩個(gè)措施。 (一)確定主語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)句子無(wú)論多長(zhǎng)都有自己的主語(yǔ)(祈使句省略了主語(yǔ)you)。動(dòng)手寫(xiě)句子首先要確定主語(yǔ),其次要特別注意漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。例如: ①八月多雨。 誤:Beijing rains much in August. 正:It rains much in Beijing in August. ②寫(xiě)得很匆忙,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)書(shū)中滿(mǎn)是錯(cuò)誤。 誤:Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes
51、. 正:Written in a hurry,the book was found full of mistakes (by us). (二)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞就構(gòu)不成句子,但動(dòng)詞千變?nèi)f化,稍不注意就會(huì)寫(xiě)錯(cuò)句子。在寫(xiě)句子時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以下幾個(gè)方面: 1.注意及物與不及物動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用。 誤:The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years. 正:The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past
52、 twenty years. 2.注意延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用。 誤:Hehas lefthis hometown for twenty years. 正:Hehas been away from his hometown for twenty years. 3.注意一些不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。 誤:Many stars are appeared in the sky at night. 正:Many stars appear in the sky at night. [綜合演練提能] Ⅰ.以下句子含有考生常犯的錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)改正 1.Dr. Smith, together
53、 with his wife, are to arrive on the evening flight.are→is 2.The car hitted the old man and drived away.hitted→hit;_drived→drove 3.It is high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.do→did或在do前加should 4.There are many students are planting trees on the hill.去掉第二個(gè)are或在students后加who 5.Eat
54、 at school is very convenient for students. 句子改為:It_is_very_convenient_for_students_to_eat_at_school. 6.It was Sunday, they all went for a piic in the woods.在逗號(hào)后加so或was→being 7.Would you please meet my uncle at the airport because this is the first time visit to the US?去掉time 8.While having our
55、dinner, the doorbell rang. 在having_前加we_are或the_doorbell_rang→we_heard_the_doorbell_ringing 9.Recently our village has taken place great changes. 句子改為:Recently_great_changes_have_taken_place_in_our_village. 10.Fishing is his favorite hobby, and he also likes collecting coins. he_also_likes_co
56、llecting_coins→collecting_coins_also_gives_him_pleasure Ⅱ.下面的考生作文中含有10處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)改正 (2016·某某市第三次模擬)生活中,朋友間免不了會(huì)有沖突和誤會(huì),解決方法之一就是及時(shí)道歉。假如你是李華,Henry是你最要好的朋友,你們約好昨晚7點(diǎn)半在新華書(shū)店門(mén)口見(jiàn)面??墒怯捎趮寢屧卺t(yī)院看病,回家晚了,你得在家照顧妹妹。又因忘帶手機(jī)而沒(méi)能及時(shí)聯(lián)系到Henry而失約了。請(qǐng)給Henry寫(xiě)一封道歉信以化解誤會(huì)。 內(nèi)容包括: 1.表示歉意;2.解釋失約的原因;3.請(qǐng)求原諒。 注意:1.不得在文中出現(xiàn)作者的真實(shí)某某; 2.語(yǔ)句連貫,詞
57、數(shù)100左右。作文的標(biāo)題、開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 A Letter of Apology Dear Henry, I am really sorry _____________________________________________________________ I won't let things like that happen again. Yours, Li Hua [求診病文] A Letter of Apology Dear Henry, ①I(mǎi) am really sorry that I can not meet you at 7:
58、30 last night. ②I do hope you didn't wait too long outside Xinhua Bookstore. ③On yesterday afternoon, I had to look after my younger sister until my mother returned back home. ④She was ill and stayed at the doctor's so that she arrived at home very late. ⑤I ran all the way to the bus stop only find
59、ing the last bus had already left. ⑥I had to call a taxi, but it was already half an hour later. ⑦I was going to call up you, but I had forgotten my mobile phone at home. ⑧Finally, I had no choice but to go back home, disappointing and sad. ⑨I sincere hope that you will forgive me and we can be bes
60、t friends as usual. ⑩I won't let things like that happen again. Yours, Li Hua [診斷結(jié)果] 第①句:can→could 第③句:On_yesterday→Yesterday;_去掉back或returned→came 第④句:去掉arrived后面的at 第⑤句:finding→to_find 第⑥句:later→late 第⑦句:call_up_you→call_you_up;_forgotten→left_behind 第⑧句:disappointing→disappointed 第⑨句:s
61、incere→sincerely 第二步高級(jí)表達(dá)增分(用時(shí)9周) 閱卷時(shí),一篇高考作文往往在1分鐘內(nèi)就被判定生死,大眾化的詞匯、平庸的表達(dá)已使長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的閱卷老師產(chǎn)生了視覺(jué)疲勞。在詞匯方面:如果一篇作文中突然出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)與眾不同、讓人眼前一亮的詞匯,閱卷老師的給分也絕不會(huì)吝嗇;在句式方面:如果考生多運(yùn)用一些并列句和復(fù)合句等高級(jí)句式,并注意句式的靈活多變,使文章讀起來(lái)抑揚(yáng)頓挫,讓考生深厚的語(yǔ)言功底得以體現(xiàn),閱卷老師一定會(huì)毫不猶豫地將你的作文定位于五檔線(xiàn)。 第四周 不落俗套的亮點(diǎn)詞匯 寫(xiě)作最基本的要求是考查考生遣詞造句的能力,遣詞的原則是表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、地道自然、生動(dòng)形象。如果考生在掌握了最基本詞匯
62、的基礎(chǔ)上,能夠?qū)⒁恍┏S迷~匯進(jìn)行升華,就將成為高考作文獲得高分的亮點(diǎn)之一。 一、使用亮點(diǎn)詞匯的4種方法 1.“語(yǔ)”眾不同,避免人云亦云 寫(xiě)作時(shí),恰當(dāng)?shù)皿w地使用別人可能想不到的詞匯或表達(dá),會(huì)給閱卷老師耳目一新的感覺(jué)。 ①Of the two,I think the latter is the better. →Of the two, the latter wins my favor. (2015·某某高考寫(xiě)作) ②I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is so interes
63、tingas I have read. →I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such greatfun as I have read. (2015·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 2.更新?lián)Q代,避免重復(fù) 寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免重復(fù)使用相同的詞語(yǔ),要用貼切多樣的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)展示自己的水平。用詞不同、表達(dá)方式迥異,也是高級(jí)用法。 ①We may have differentopinions in organizing class activities. We may have differentw
64、ays to deal with such a situation. →We may have differentopinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.(2015·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) ②We've built a new experiment building beside the old one and we've also built a library where the old playground used to be. →
65、We've built a new experiment building beside the old one and we've also set up a library where the old playground used to be. 3.單詞與短語(yǔ)巧妙互用 一般情況下短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先,應(yīng)多使用短語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)來(lái)代替一些單詞,以增加文采。但有時(shí)單詞比短語(yǔ)更生動(dòng),可以“一詞傳神”。 ①Q(mào)uite a few things caused the traffic problem. →Quite a few things gave rise to the traffic problem.
66、(2015·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) ②We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future. →We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. (2015·某某高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) ③We can look atthis problem in many ways. →We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有“內(nèi)涵”) ④We alllive on one and the same planet. →We all share one and the same planet.(share比live on更有“味感”) 4.用高年級(jí)學(xué)到的詞匯代替低年級(jí)學(xué)到的詞匯 為了表現(xiàn)自己的語(yǔ)言功底,吸引閱卷老師的眼球,應(yīng)避免反復(fù)使用初中或小學(xué)階段學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯,盡量用高中階段學(xué)到的詞匯來(lái)代替。 ①
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