（全國）2020高考英語大一輪復習 話題版主題語境 Unit 6 家人、朋友與周圍的人講義

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1、家人、朋友與周圍的人 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1.Not wanting to depend on her parents for a living, my cousin(堂姐) took up two part-time jobs in her spare time. 2.Eventually，the couple(一對夫妻) found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had lost forever.(2018·江蘇) 3.He was unco

2、nscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very familiar(熟悉的).(2018·全國Ⅱ) 4.In my opinion, honesty is the most important part of lasting friendship(友誼)，which is why I hate being cheated. 5.We seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitio

3、us next generation(一代) of farmers from all backgrounds.(2018·江蘇) 6.When meetings are one-to-one，if the host(主人) offers you coffee，you should refuse. 7.Though they have never had a serious quarrel(爭吵)，the mutual indifference caused the couple to drift apart. 8.The company was helped by the Federal

4、 Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate(單獨的) set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.(2017·全國Ⅱ) 9.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect(尊敬)，particularly to an elde

5、r or a person in authority.(2016·全國Ⅰ) 10.Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding(誤解) of traditions.They think traditions mean old things from the past. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely(close) related.(2018·江蘇) 2.Few want to live without search engines

6、or a quick delivery(deliver).(2017·江蘇) 3.But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage(marry) and was healthier.(2016·天津) 4.Looking around，he hoped he might find an old box，a rock，or with luck，even a ladder，but it was

7、a tidy neighbourhood(neighbour) and there was nothing he could use. 5.Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week，discover new personal(person) qualities，and learn new skills.(2018·全國Ⅱ) 6.The 19th century saw land grants(政府撥地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railr

8、oads，leaving public land in between privately(private) owned land. 7.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively(relative) few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.(2018·全國Ⅰ) 8.Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early ch

9、ildhood.After years of regular treatment(treat)，she finally became healthy.(2016·天津) 9.A team made up only of “yes men” can make disastrous decisions that few people honestly agreed with in the first place. 10.We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance(distant) to take

10、the shower and use the bathroom.(2017·全國Ⅰ) Ⅲ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 1.Kate，whose sister I shared a room when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia. 2.After I had quarrel with my husband，I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. 3.She was married a lawyer. 4.A

11、woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water so much that she had had it from the pump to her house every day. 5.The students who have graduated from Beijing University are invited to a reception by Professor Smith. Ⅳ.選詞填空 1.Races of different religion and culture should be able

12、 to be on good terms with each other. 2.Norton Sound，a frozen body of water，was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.(2016·北京) 3.Brought up in a family with great academic atmosphere, Hawking was admired for his vast intelligence and wisdom. 4.Thinking hard about it，I c

13、ame to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were depending on me.(2018·天津) 5.As a team，we should possess good communication skills and get along with each other. 6.The driver examined the engine carefully in case it went wrong on the way. 7.If you cannot ove

14、rcome the obstacles with joint efforts，you had better go your separate ways as early as possible. 8.It is a common practice for Britons to send cards to keep in touch with people that they do not know well or they do not see very often. 9.Seniors may fear to leave cherished belongings behind or be

15、ing unable to make friends in a new setting. 10.Many people often handle these things separately and fail to see how they all relate to one another. Ⅴ.同義詞語替換 1.The conference will also foster relations between the U.S.and Chinese governments by providing valuable research opportunities.promote/s

16、trengthen 2.Try not to speak to him when he is absorbed in reading.is buried in 3.The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.(2017·全國Ⅱ) firm 4.Standing on a stage in front of a group of people to deliver a speech certainly calls for great courage.give 5.You can

17、depend on her，who always keeps her promises.rely on/upon (1)keep sb. company＝accompany sb. 陪伴某人 in the company of在……的陪伴下 (2) accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴隨，與……同時發(fā)生；為……伴奏 accompany sb. to sp.陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb. at/on...用……為某人伴奏 be accompanied with/by與……同時存在或發(fā)生；伴隨 (3)companion n.伙伴；同伴 (1)What’

18、s more，I have accumulated related experience by working part-time in a travel agency，accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.(2018·浙江) (2)While she was singing on the stage，her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano. (3)The disease is accompanied with/by(伴隨) sneezing and fever. (4)[同義句

19、改寫]　I shall accompany him to Beijing. →He shall go to Beijing in the company of me.(company) 易錯點撥 (1)accompany是及物動詞，不要在其后誤加介詞with，如不說：Thunder accompanies with lightning.但是，用于被動語態(tài)的accompany后可接介詞with或by。 (2)accompany習慣上不接不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，如：He accompanied her to go to the station.中應去掉to go。 (1)deliv

20、er...to sb. 把……傳遞給某人(deliver后不跟雙賓語) deliver a speech發(fā)表演說 be delivered of(＝give birth to)生…… (2)delivery n.傳遞，遞送，傳送 (1)On Sunday afternoon，I was reading my favorite book when the doorbell rang.It was a package delivered(deliver) to Mum.(2018·北京西城區(qū)質(zhì)檢) (2)The king delivered a speech(發(fā)表講話) to the

21、 nation on November 5. (3)Would you deliver my message to your mother(傳口信給你母親)? [圖解助記] 易錯點撥　“接生”可表示為： deliver the baby使嬰兒出生 deliver the woman幫助孕婦分娩 sb. be familiar with...某人對……熟悉 ...be familiar to sb. ……為某人熟悉 (1)—You seem to be familiar with this city. —I lived here for three years.I

22、t’s so great to be back.(2018·北京朝陽區(qū)二模) (2)[同義句改寫]　Are you familiar with the computer software they use? →Is the computer software they use familiar to you? (3)我相信，這些捐贈的書籍不僅會讓你更加熟悉中國，而且會幫助提高你的中文。 (2015·天津) I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but also

23、help enhance your Chinese. marry vt.嫁；娶；與……結(jié)婚 vi.結(jié)婚 (1)marry sb. /oneself to sb. 讓……與……結(jié)婚；把……嫁給…… (2)married adj.已婚的；有配偶的 be married to與……結(jié)婚(表狀態(tài)) get married to與……結(jié)婚(表動作) (3)marriage n.結(jié)婚；婚姻 (1)Mr Green wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man. (2)In a good marriage(marry)，both hus

24、band and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise. (3)Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter settle down，get married(結(jié)婚)，and have kids.(2017·天津) 易錯點撥　問某個人是否結(jié)婚，實際是要了解他(她)的婚姻狀態(tài)，即已婚還是未婚，所以應用形容詞married(表示狀態(tài))，而不用marry(表行為)，如將“她結(jié)婚沒有？”譯成英語是“Is she married？”不能是“Does she marry？”或“Has she

25、married？”。 (1)have a quarrel with sb. about/over sth..因某事和某人爭吵 (2)quarrel with sb. about/over sth..因某事和某人爭吵 (1)On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling(quarrel) and fighting. (2)Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned

26、 into a horrible quarrel. (3)[同義句改寫]　After they quarreled with each other about/over their work，they began to realize someone was to blame. →After they had a quarrel with each other about/over their work，they began to realize someone was to blame.(quarrel n.) respect vt.尊重；尊敬 n.尊重；尊敬；問候；方面

27、 (1)have/show respect for尊敬；尊重；重視 in every respect/in all respects在各方面 out of respect出于尊敬 (2)respect sb. for sth..因某事而尊重某人 (3)respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的 respectable adj.可敬的；體面的 respective adj.各自的 (1)According to his students，he is a hard-working and respectable(respect) teacher. 在學生眼里，他是一位

28、勤勉可敬的老師。 (2)He went to law school out of respect for his father’s wishes. 他出于尊重父親的愿望而去了法學院。 (3)We should show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them. (2018·湖北荊州模擬) 我們應該尊重我們的父母，盡我們所能幫助他們。 [熟詞生義]　寫出句子中respect的漢語意思 (4)In many respects the new version is not as good as the ol

29、d one.方面 易錯點撥　respect作“問候；敬意”講時，常用復數(shù)形式。如：Give my respects to your parents.代我問候你的父母。 separate v.把……分開；分隔 adj.分開的；單獨的；獨立的 (1)separate A from B　把A和B分開 divide...into...把……分成…… (2)separation n.分開；分離；分居 (1)Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of c

30、hickens. (2018·全國Ⅰ) 去年冬天，當我再次去那里的時候，他們有一個很大的獨立房屋來飼養(yǎng)許多雞。 (2)I separated the good apples from the bad ones and she divided the best into halves. 我把好蘋果和壞蘋果分開，然后她把最好的分成了兩半。 [熟詞生義]　選擇句子中separate的漢語意思 (3)Millie’s parents separated when she was five years old. C A.分類 B.區(qū)分 C.(夫妻或伴侶)分居 treat

31、 n.招待；款待 v.對待；治療；款待；請客 (1)treat sb. as...把某人看作…… treat sb. to sth..招待某人吃……；用……款待某人 treat sb. with...以……方式對待某人 (2)My treat.我請客。 (3)treatment n.治療；處理；待遇 under treatment在治療中 (1)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted murder. (2)It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a

32、 vacation like never before.(2018·浙江) (3)We’ve got to treat people with respect and dignity. (4)She is now under treatment in a local hospital. break down出故障；垮掉；分解；(談判)破裂 break in (in為介詞) 破門而入；打斷 break into強行闖入；突然……起來(＋n.) break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災等)爆發(fā)；突然……起來(＋doing) break away from脫離；掙脫 [寫出下列句子中

33、break up的漢語意思] (1)Police were called in to break up the meeting.解散，驅(qū)散 (2)My girlfriend has broken up with me.分手 (3)Sentences can be broken up into clauses.拆開 (4)When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假 (5)The ship broke up on the rocks.粉碎，破碎 bring about引起；導致 bring down降低；

34、減少 bring in帶進來；有收入；賺得；引入 bring out使顯現(xiàn)；闡明；出版 [寫出下列句子中bring up的漢語意思] (1)Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.撫養(yǎng) (2)Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出 (3)Joe brought up what he had eaten.嘔吐 (1)depend on/upon sb. to do/doing...依靠某人做…… dep

35、end on sb. for sth..依靠某人提供…… depend on/upon it that...指望……；相信…… (2)It/That (all) depends.視情況而定。 (1)Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending(depend) on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.(2018·全國Ⅱ) (2)There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on(完全依賴) the r

36、atings in consumption.(2018·江蘇) (3)[一句多譯]　你可以指望他來幫你。 ①You can depend on/upon him to help you. ②You can depend on/upon him helping you. ③You can depend on/upon it that he will help you. 易錯點撥　因為介詞后不能直接跟that引導的賓語從句，故depend on/upon后跟that從句時，先在介詞后接it，再跟that從句，即depend on/upon it that...。 in commo

37、n共有；共用；共同 in common with與……一樣 common sense常識；情理 It is common for sb. to do...某人做某事很平常。 (1)It is quite common for people to do things like this. (2)For more than six million American children，coming home after school means coming home to an empty house.All of them have something in common(有共

38、同之處). (3)I must say，in common with(與……一樣) Helen，that I strongly oppose the proposal. (4)They had nothing in common(沒有共同之處) with me.(2017·全國Ⅰ) make up for彌補；補償 be made up of由……組成(構(gòu)成) be made of/from由……制成 be made into把……制成…… be made out of由……制成 make it獲得成功；約定時間 [寫出下列句子中make up的漢語意思] (1)

39、North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.組成，構(gòu)成 (2)I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.編造 (3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妝 (4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？補上 (5)They had a violent quarre

40、l yesterday，but quickly made up again.和好 (6)[一句多譯]　我們班由56名同學組成。 ①Our class is made up of 56 students.(be made up of) ②56 students make up our class.(make up) ③Our class consists of 56 students.(consist of) ④Our class is composed of 56 students.(be composed of) 易錯點撥　make up表示“組成，構(gòu)成”時，其被動語態(tài)為be m

41、ade up of，而不是be made up by。 (1) relate v.有關(guān)；涉及；使聯(lián)系；講述，敘述 relate...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來 (2)related adj.有關(guān)的；相關(guān)的 (be) related to有關(guān)系的；有關(guān)聯(lián)的 (3)relation n.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；親屬 in relation to關(guān)于；與……相比 (1)Deeply related to the matters，he has to answer all the related questions.(relate) (2)Your statement doesn’t re

42、late well to the facts. (3)I have nothing to say in relation to(關(guān)于；relation)that matter. However busy we may be，we should spare some time to accompany our parents. 無論我們可能會多忙，我們都應該抽出時間來陪陪父母。 (1)whenever，wherever，however引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter when/where/how。 (2)“no matter＋疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，可放在主句前

43、或主句后。 (3)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句，在引導讓步狀語從句時相當于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (1)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. (2018·全國Ⅱ) 鍛煉使你更清醒，無論這一天發(fā)生什么，都能夠讓你做好準備去應對。 (2)[一句多譯]　無論我們距離有多遠，我們都會感覺彼此很親近。 ①However far a

44、way we are，we feel close to each other.(however) ②No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other.(no matter how) (3)這個故事的寓意是：無論處境可能有多困難，我們都應該不遺余力地獲取知識，并且永遠不要輕易氣餒。(2015·福建) The moral of the story is：we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no mat

45、ter how/however difficult the situation may be. The more friends we have，the more pleasure we can gain.我們擁有的朋友越多，我們能獲得的快樂也就越多。 (1)“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”意為“越……就越……”，表示主、從句的兩個謂語是同時進行的，一方隨另一方程度的變化而變化。 (2)從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，第一個“the＋比較級...”是表示條件的狀語從句，第二個“the＋比較級...”是主句。在表示將來意義的情況時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。 (3)本

46、結(jié)構(gòu)中常用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)The more，the better.越多越好。 (2)The more difficult the questions are，the less likely he is to answer them. 問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。 (3)[同義句改寫]　If you study harder，you will make greater progress in your study.(用“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”改寫) →The harder you study，the greater progress you will

47、 make in your study. Born into a family with three brothers，Tom was brought up to value the sense of sharing. 出生在有三個哥哥的家庭里，湯姆從小就被培養(yǎng)重視分享的意識。 過去分詞(短語)在句中作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨等情況，表示被動與完成。使用時應注意兩點：一是過去分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致；二是過去分詞表示的動作與句子的主語為被動或完成關(guān)系。 (1)Built of steel，this machine has a grea

48、ter strength. 由于這臺機器是用鋼造的，它具有更大的強度。 (2)Stopped by the guard，he produced his identity card. 當被衛(wèi)兵攔住后，他出示了自己的身份證。 [句式升級] (3)The woman scientist entered the room，who was followed by her assistants. The woman scientist entered the room，followed by her assistants. (4)The book was clearly and though

49、tfully written，and it inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. (2017·全國Ⅱ，B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassi

50、dy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew ou

51、t of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技藝) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us h

52、ad the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you shou

53、ld put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and b

54、y showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. 24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A.Paul Ne

55、wman wanted it. B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C.He wasn’t famous enough. D.The director recommended someone else. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.”可知，電影公司想要像保羅那樣出名的人，由此可以判斷，作者不夠出名，故選C項。 2

56、5.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A.They were of the same age. B.They worked in the same theater. C.They were both good actors. D.They had similar characteristics. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous

57、，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者與保羅在熒幕前和熒幕后都很幽默、有進取心，并互開對方的玩笑，即他們兩人有相似的性格，故選D項。 26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Their belief. B.Their care

58、 for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other. 答案　A 解析　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“We shared the belief that...”以及下面對belief的具體解釋可知，畫線處是指共同擁有這種“信念”把“我們”兩人連在一起，故選A項。 27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend. C.To introduce a n

59、ew movie. D.To share his acting experience. 答案　B 解析　寫作意圖題。本文是按照時間順序?qū)懙?，從作者與保羅的最初相見，到友誼慢慢加深，以及幾個月前去看望生病的保羅，由此可知作者寫此文的目的是回憶一位朋友，故選B項。 Ⅰ.宏觀把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò) 通過閱讀文章可知，本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和一位著名演員Paul Newman之間的友誼。 文章的脈絡(luò)如下： Ⅱ.微觀排障——長難句分析 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making tha

60、t film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 句式分析：The friendship had its root in the fact是主干句；第一個that引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞friendship；第二個that引導的是同位語從句，解釋說明fact的具體內(nèi)容；此外，同位語從句中還含有一個although引導的讓步狀

61、語從句。 翻譯：拍那部電影和四年后拍The Sting的經(jīng)歷所建立起來的友誼都源于這樣一個事實，即雖然我們存在年齡差異，但我們都來自戲劇和直播電視的傳統(tǒng)。 Ⅲ.詞匯積累 1.director n.導演 2.stand up for替……說話；維護 3.grow out of 產(chǎn)生于 4.respectful adj.恭敬的 5.dig into探究；鉆研 6.virtue n.美德；德行 7.be typical of特有的；一貫如此的 8.aggressive adj.好戰(zhàn)的；好斗的；有進取心的 9.affection n.喜愛；愛慕 10.support vt.支

62、持 排除干擾項，找正確答案 閱讀理解題的題目設(shè)置大部分是細節(jié)理解題。在完成細節(jié)理解題時，要特別注意排除干擾項。 如25題中的A項“They were of the same age.”屬于“顛倒黑白”類干擾項，根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“although there was an age difference”可知，兩人年齡懸殊，不同歲，說明A項明顯錯誤。 干擾項的設(shè)置方法除了“顛倒黑白”之外，通常還有以下幾種方式： 1.張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來，題干問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點；或者題干問的是他人的觀點，卻把作者的觀點放到選項中去。

63、2.偷梁換柱。干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。 3.無中生有。干擾項往往是生活中的基本常識和普遍接受的觀點，但在原文中并無相關(guān)的信息支持點，這種選項的設(shè)置往往與問題的設(shè)問毫不相干。 (2018·浙江) Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your

64、new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房產(chǎn)) neat，clean，and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the h

65、ome in great shape，you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk，take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. 34 If a neighbor is

66、going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. 35 By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates. A.In general，keep an e