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1、第3節(jié) 議論文 題組訓(xùn)練一 1 話題:一分錢硬幣是否取消 難度:★★ 建議用時(shí):7分鐘 Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012,andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness,andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear,makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million. Andfor

2、what?Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce,butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation,whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday. Ineffect,removingthepennymeansallretail(零售) priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies;somewouldberounded

3、down.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon,andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples,aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity,actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughly

4、offsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed,consumersmightactuallybenefit. YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(銅幣).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront. MrPresident,howev

5、er,doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen,”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies:Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustas

6、ks. Thepenny,MrPresidentsaid,is“agoodmetaphor(隱喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment,hesaid,hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”. 語篇解讀 本文是一篇議論文。既然一分錢硬幣幾乎沒有實(shí)用價(jià)值,那為什么不取消呢?文章探討了其中的幾個(gè)原因。 1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph

7、? A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny. B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica. C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies. D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是“Coiningpennies...peopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.Thesameistrueinth

8、eUnitedStates...million”可知,和在加拿大一樣,在美國(guó)鑄造一分錢硬幣是一件賠錢的事情,并且人們已經(jīng)不再需要它了。每鑄造100個(gè)一分錢硬幣,就要耗費(fèi)1.43美元。去年,鑄造一分錢硬幣花費(fèi)了納稅人近3900萬美元。這都說明,對(duì)美國(guó)而言,鑄造這種硬幣似乎沒有必要了。故選C。 2.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny? A.Toreducethesalestax. B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers. C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln. D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsu

9、mers. 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Pricesthatend...pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed,consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知,支持使用一分錢硬幣的人士認(rèn)為取消一分錢硬幣會(huì)損害消費(fèi)者的利益,也就是說他們維護(hù)一分錢硬幣的目的是維護(hù)消費(fèi)者的利益。故選D。 3.WhatisMrPresident’sattitudetowardmakingpennies? A.Negative. B.Positiv

10、e. C.Defensive. D.Objective. 答案 A 解析 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容,尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor(隱喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”“hasapoortrackrecordof‘gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo’”可知,總統(tǒng)先生曾表示,他覺得沒有理由再鑄造一分錢硬幣了。他還覺得一分錢硬幣是“一個(gè)很好的隱喻,象征著我們存在的一些更大的問

11、題”,而且在“去除已經(jīng)沒有用的東西,以便我們?cè)诳尚械臇|西上進(jìn)行投入”方面,政府做得很差。由此可推知,總統(tǒng)先生對(duì)鑄造一分錢硬幣持消極態(tài)度。故選A。 2 話題:薯片分量減少 難度:★★ 建議用時(shí):7分鐘 Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers(激怒). PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags,HughJohnston,thecompany’sCFO,toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags,”Johnst

12、onsaid.Actually,it’shalfanounceless.RegularLay’saresoldin10-ouncebags;flavoredLay’saresoldin9.5-ouncebags;andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath. Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLay’spotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulk—ormer

13、elyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butlet’sassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLay’ssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLay’sintheU.S.eachyear—or3.72billionouncesofchips,atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout2

14、1.5centsperbag,andabout$80millionintotalperyear. Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower,butit’snotentirelyunreasonable.IfLay’sischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags,it’slikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones,too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou,butit’sprobablywort

15、htensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually. PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLay’schipsaresoldforthesameprice,butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand,”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhyt

16、hereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(調(diào)味品),”hesaid.Butthatdoesn’tappeartobethecase. Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese,barbecue,sourcreamandonion,andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere (ornotthere) toincreasethepotatochipmaker

17、’sprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips,becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones,accordingtoJohnston. Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.ThelaunchispartofPepsiCo’sannual“DoUsaFlavor”contest,inwhichitletscustomersp

18、articipateintheflavorcreationprocess. 語篇解讀 本文是一篇議論文。百事對(duì)單包風(fēng)味薯片偷偷減少分量,其辯解說是為了彌補(bǔ)原料上的額外費(fèi)用,但作者認(rèn)為并不是那樣,其實(shí)就是為了提高利潤(rùn)。 4.WhatdidPepsiCodotoarousepublicdissatisfaction? A.Theyraisedthepriceoftheirflavoredchips. B.Theygaveshortweighttotheirflavoredchips. C.Theychangedtheflavorsoftheirpotatochips. D.They

19、putmoreseasoningsintotheirpotatochips. 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容及第二段中的“PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags”可知,百事在單包風(fēng)味薯片上減少分量,這導(dǎo)致爭(zhēng)議。giveshortweight是固定用法,意為“缺斤少兩”。故選B。 5.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped? A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bygivingexamples. C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bymakingcompar

20、isons. 答案 A 解析 寫作手法題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容,尤其是其中的“some$1.6billion”“10-ouncebags”“morethan372millionbags”“3.72billionouncesofchips,atabout43centsperounce”“about21.5centsperbag”“about$80million”可知,作者主要是通過列數(shù)據(jù)的方式來陳述第三段的內(nèi)容。故選A。 6.WhydoLay’sflavoredchipschargemoreperounceaccordingtoJeffDahncke? A.Tomakemoreprofits

21、. B.Toupgradetheirproducts. C.Tobalanceadditionalcosts. D.Tosatisfymorepeople’staste. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(調(diào)味品)”,并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“tomakeupfortheaddedinputcosts”可知,據(jù)JeffDahncke所言,風(fēng)味薯片每盎司要價(jià)提高是因?yàn)樘砑恿苏{(diào)味品,而百事不足量地包裝其薯片是為了彌補(bǔ)

22、由此造成的額外費(fèi)用。故選C。 7.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“hasasoftspotfor”inthelastbutoneparagraph? A.Hasasayin. B.Hasalookat. C.Hasaccessto. D.Hasaffectionfor. 答案 D 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones”及最后一段第一句“Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaun

23、chamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.”可知,百事公司賣特色薯片比賣普通薯片更賺錢,而且他們亦準(zhǔn)備推出一大批新的特色薯片口味,并舉行比賽讓顧客參與其創(chuàng)造過程。由此可推知,百事公司對(duì)自己的特色薯片應(yīng)是情有獨(dú)鐘的,畫線短語hasasoftspotfor應(yīng)是“喜歡某人(或某物)”之意。故選D。 3 話題:關(guān)于意志力的研究 難度:★★ 建議用時(shí):7分鐘 (2019·江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)三模) Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwill

24、power.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong? Avoidingtemptation(誘惑) isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmi

25、nd”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight. Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail? Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbel

26、ievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint. W

27、illpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerci

28、seinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength. Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoa

29、latatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingde

30、cisionsatall. 語篇解讀 這是一篇議論文。短文列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn),作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo),良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí),就可以在面對(duì)誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)定。 8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat. A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-control B.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccess C.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted D.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題

31、。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知,研究人員不相信人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡,他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力很難完全耗盡。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”. A.makeuseofB.runoutof C.buildD.increase 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-contr

32、olstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知,正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備,即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被削弱,我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過上下文的語境,判斷出“tapinto”指“利用”,與makeuseof同義。故A選項(xiàng)正確。 10.Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles. A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower B.toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise C.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup D.toe

33、xplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句的內(nèi)容“雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊不堪,但長(zhǎng)期而言,它們會(huì)通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣,規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力?!笨芍?,兩者相比是為了說明同一個(gè)道理:長(zhǎng)期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 11.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer? A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.” B.“I

34、willsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.” C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.” D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.” 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句的內(nèi)容“一個(gè)接一個(gè)地制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣,你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例,而且不需要做任何決定?!笨芍?,C項(xiàng)“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo),然后成為好習(xí)慣,作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 題組訓(xùn)練二

35、1 話題:溫室氣體 難度:★★ 建議用時(shí):7分鐘 Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor? AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee (aleadingexpertincarbonfootprint) mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEveryth

36、inglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces. Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee’scalculations,it’sclear

37、thatapint (568ml) oflocally-brewed(釀制的) beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2,buttheimportedbeerproduces900g! So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreeca

38、nsofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket. Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely? Well,itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ou

39、rfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight. So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment? Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdon’tuseyourcar;andthefewercarsonther

40、oad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints! So,maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please. 語篇解讀 這是一篇議論文。文章作者鼓

41、勵(lì)大家采取行動(dòng),減少溫室氣體的排放,并說明了一些具體的做法。 1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints? A.Apintoflocalbeer. B.Abottleofimportedbeer. C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride. D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2,buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!”和第四段中的“S

42、o,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g.”可知,吃一根香蕉然后騎1.5公里自行車產(chǎn)生的碳足跡最小,故選C。 2.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis. A.moretasty B.easiertobuy C.betterpackaged D.moreenergy-saving 答案 D 解析 

43、推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2,buttheimportedbeerproduces900g! So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.”可推斷出,作者建議選擇當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄?,因?yàn)樗?jié)能,故選D。 3.Thepurpose

44、ofwritingthisarticleisto. A.promoteanewbook B.advertisetheimportedbeer C.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprint D.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2 答案 D 解析 寫作意圖題。通讀全文,尤其是文章第一段可知,文章是鼓勵(lì)大家采取行動(dòng),減少溫室氣體的排放的,故選D。 2 話題:暑假 難度:★★★ 建議用時(shí):8分鐘 YoureturnfromworkonanAugustevening.Yourunwashedte

45、enagesonisonthesofawatchingTV,ashehasbeendoingforthepasteighthours.Yourdaughter,gluedtotheiPad,acknowledgesyourpresencewithagrunt(咕噥).Notforthefirsttime,youaskyourself:Whyareschoolsummerholidayssoinsufferablylong? Thisisamoreseriousquestionthanitsounds.Manychildrenwillreturnfromthelongbreakhavingfo

46、rgottenmuchofwhattheyweretaughtthepreviousyear.Onestudyfoundthatthis“summerlearningloss”couldbeashighasaquarteroftheyear’seducation.Poorchildrentendtobetheworstaffected,sincerichonestypicallyliveinhomesfullofbooksandarepackedofftosummercamptolearnrobotics,Latinorpiano.AstudyfromBatimorefoundthatvari

47、ations(差別) insummerlossmightpossiblyaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorchildrenbytheageof14-15.Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpoorfamilies,sincefreeschoolmealsstopandextrachildcarekicksin. Moretimeinschoolneednotmeanrepeatingthesameoldlessons.Someextrapracticewouldbebenef

48、icial,particularlyforthosefallingbehind.Butthesummercouldalsobeatimefordifferentkindsoflearning:criticalthinking,practicalskills,internship(實(shí)習(xí))—schoolsshouldbefreetoexperiment.Spaceshouldnotbeaproblem.Manyschoolbuildingssitvacantinthesummer. Well-offchildrenoftenalreadyusethesummertobroadentheirmin

49、dsandpolishtheircollegeapplicationsapricycampsordoingsummerjobsfoundthroughconnections.Schoolsshouldhelptherestcatchup.Otherpublicservicesdonotsimplydisappearforaquarteroftheyear.Itwouldbeunthinkableforhospitalsorthepolicetodoso.Sowhydoschoolsgetawaywithit? 語篇解讀 本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了放暑假給學(xué)生帶來的一些問題,并呼吁學(xué)校在暑假

50、期間為學(xué)生們提供一些額外的學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。 4.Paragraph2mainlydiscussesthedifferentinfluenceofonchildren’s“summerlearningloss”. A.finance B.intelligence C.culture D.activities 答案 A 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,該段主要講述家境好的孩子在暑假期間可以學(xué)習(xí)拉丁舞、鋼琴或者參加夏令營(yíng),而家境貧窮的孩子則無法通過暑期學(xué)習(xí)增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)、開闊眼界;再結(jié)合該段最后一句中的“Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpourfami

51、lies”可推知,本段主要論述了家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的不同給孩子們的暑假生活帶來的不同影響。故選A。 5.Whatcouldschoolsdoduringsummerholidays? A.Reviewingpreviouslessons. B.Offeringvariousinternship. C.Providingextralearning. D.Tutoringpoorstudents. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial”和“atimefordifferentkindsoflearning”

52、可知,學(xué)校可以在暑假期間給學(xué)生提供一些額外的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。故選C。 6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“hospitalsandthepolice”inthelastparagraph? A.Hospitalsandthepolicedeservepraisefortheirservice. B.Schoolsshouldremaininserviceduringsummerholidays. C.Childrencouldtakeadvantageofpublicserviceforsummerjobs. D.Somefunctionsofho

53、spitalsandthepolicecouldbeservedinschools. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句可知,其他公共服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)不會(huì)每年消失一個(gè)季度,而是全年開放。如果醫(yī)院和警察局每年也有一個(gè)季度不開放的話,那簡(jiǎn)直無法想象,所以為什么學(xué)??梢允莻€(gè)例外呢?由此可推知,作者舉醫(yī)院和警察局的例子是建議學(xué)校在暑假期間也應(yīng)該開放。故選B。 3 話題:購(gòu)物 難度:★★★ 建議用時(shí):8分鐘 Abargainissomethingofferedatalowandadvantageousprice.Amorerecentdefinitionis:abargainis

54、adirtytricktoforcemoneyoutofthepocketsofsillyandinnocentpeople. Thecostofproducinganew—forexample—toothpastewouldmake80ptheproperpriceforit,sowewillmarketitat£1.20.Itisnotabadtoothpaste,andaspeopleliketotrynewthingsitwillsellwelltostartwith;buttheattractionofnovelty(新奇) soonfades,sosaleswillfall.Wh

55、enthathappenswewillreducethepriceto£1.15.Andwewillturnitintoabargainbyprinting5pOFFalloverit. Sometimesitisnot5pOFFbut1pOFF.Whatbreathtakingrudenesstoadvertise1pOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderorwhatever!Eventhepoorestold-agepensioner(領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金者) oughttoregardthisasaninsult(侮辱),buthedoesn’t.Abargainmustnotbem

56、issed.Peoplesayonehastohavewashingpowder(orwhatever) andonemightaswellbuyitapennycheaper. Therealdangerstartswhenunnecessarythingsbecome“bargains”.Manypeoplejustcannotresistbargains.Providedtheythinktheyaregettingabargaintheywillbuyclothestheywillneverwearorfurnituretheyhavenospacefor.OnceIheardofa

57、manwhoboughtanelectricsawasabargainandcutofftwoofhisfingersthenextday.Buthehadnoregrets:thesawhadbeentrulycheap. Quiteafewpeopleactuallybelievethattheymakemoneyonsuchbargains.Aladyoncetoldme:“I’vehadaluckydaytoday.Iboughtadressfor£120,reducedfrom£400;andIboughtabeautifulPersiancarpetfor£600,reduced

58、from£900.”Itwillneveroccurtoherthatshehasactuallywasted£720.Shefeelsasthoughshehadmade£580.Shealsofeels,Iamsure,thatifshehadmoretimeforshopping,shecouldmakealivingoutofit. Somepeoplebuyinlargequantitiesbecauseitischeaper.Onceacoupleboughtenoughsugarfortheirlifetimeandthelifetimeoftheirchildrenandgr

59、andchildren.Theythoughtitabargainnottobemissed.Whenthesugararrivedtheydidn’tknowwheretostoreit—untiltheyrealizedthattheirtoiletwasaveryspacious(寬敞的) one.Sothatwaswheretheypileduptheirsugar.Notonlydidtheirguestsfeelratherstrangewhenevertheywereofferedsugartoputintotheircoffee,butthetoiletbecameextrem

60、elysticky(粘性的). Toofferbargainsisacommercialtricktomakethepoorpoorer.Whengreedyfoolsfallforthistrick,itservesthemright. 語篇解讀 這是一篇議論文,講述人們購(gòu)物時(shí)盲目追求折扣卻有可能造成不理性消費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象。 7.Whichwordbestdescribesthelanguagestyleofthepassage? A.Polite. B.Foolish. C.Humorous. D.Serious. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。通過全文給出的幾個(gè)例子,如第四段買

61、電鋸結(jié)果把自己的手指鋸了,倒數(shù)第二段的買了太多的糖結(jié)果放衛(wèi)生間了等都能看出這是一種幽默的手法,故選C。 8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean? A.Abargainisworthmuch. B.Thepoorlikebargains. C.Abargainisnotworthbuying. D.Onlyafoolbuysabargain. 答案 C 解析 句意理解題。根據(jù)文章全文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合文章第一句話可知,本文主要告訴讀者,購(gòu)買便宜貨要慎重,因?yàn)榭赡苡邢葳?,容易上?dāng),所以得出結(jié)論,便宜貨不值得買。故C項(xiàng)符合語

62、境。 9.FromParagraph5,weknowthatthelady. A.wastoofoolishtobuythosebargainsthatwereuseless B.focusedtoomuchattentiononthediscountinsteadofherneed C.wantedtomakealivingbysellingclothes D.actuallywasted£580tobuythedressoflowquality 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知,這位女士只覺得自己好像從打折中“賺”了580英鎊,而根本沒有想到自己其實(shí)可能是浪費(fèi)了72

63、0英鎊,因?yàn)橘I回來的這些便宜貨未必會(huì)用得著。由此可知B項(xiàng)符合語境。 10.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith? A.Bargainsarethingspeopledon’treallyneed. B.Bargainsareoftenrealcheapproducts. C.Bargainshelppeoplemakealiving. D.Bargainsplaytricksonpeople. 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章,大甩賣不一定買到的都是需要的東西。故A選項(xiàng)絕對(duì)化了。由文章可知,大甩賣往往是某種刺激消費(fèi),如文中提

64、到的買衣服和地毯的女性,買糖的夫婦,及最后一段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞commercialtrick判斷便宜銷售就是商家玩的把戲,人們可能會(huì)因?yàn)槊つ孔非笳劭鄱焕硇韵M(fèi),故B、C兩項(xiàng)均可排除。故選D。 題組訓(xùn)練三 1 話題:詞源研究 難度:★★ 建議用時(shí):7分鐘 Etymology,thestudyofwordsandwordroots,maysoundlikethekindofthingdonebyboringlibrariansinsmall,dustyrooms.Yetetymologistsactuallyhaveauniquelyinterestingjob.Theyarei

65、nmanywaysjustlikearchaeologists(考古學(xué)家) diggingupthephysicalhistoryofpeopleandevents.Thespecialaspectofetymologyisthatitdigsuphistory,sotospeak,throughthewordsandphrasesthatareleftbehind. TheEnglishlanguage,inparticular,isagreatfieldtoexplorehistorythroughwords.Asalanguage,Englishhasanextraordinarynu

66、mberofwords.Thisispartlyduetoitsabilitytoadaptforeignwordssoreadily.Forexample,“English”wordssuchaskindergarten(fromGerman),croissant(fromFrench),andcheetah(fromHindi) havebecomepartofthelanguagewithlittleornochangefromtheiroriginalsoundsandspellings.SoEnglish-languageetymologistshaveavastworldofwordstoexplore. Anotherenjoyablethingaboutetymologyformostwordexpertsissolvingwordmysteries(謎).No,etymologistsdonotgoaroundsolvingmurders,likethegreatdetectiveSherlockHolmes.Whatthesewordexpertssolveare

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