(新課標(biāo))2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(含解析)
《(新課標(biāo))2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(含解析)》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(新課標(biāo))2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(含解析)(19頁珍藏版)》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語法填空 1.My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much ________ (confident). 答案:confidence 句意:我的英語提高了許多;更重要的是,我的自信心增強(qiáng)了不少。所填詞涉及形容詞變?yōu)槊~的后綴:-ence。句中的much為限定詞,后應(yīng)接名詞,作賓語。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,confident的名詞形式為confidence。 2.Smoking during pregnancy ________ (danger) your baby's lif
2、e. 答案:will endanger 句意:孕期抽煙會(huì)危及胎兒生命。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)詞法:en-。句中所填詞應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞,意為“危及”;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則,可在名詞前加前綴en-,轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的動(dòng)詞,即endanger;另外,本句表示敘述在某種情況下有可能發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will,故填will endanger。 3.It was a ________ (fog) cold morning when he set off for the remote village. 答案:foggy 句意:在一個(gè)寒冷的起霧的上午,他向那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊進(jìn)發(fā)了。句中所填詞修飾morn
3、ing,作定語。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,fog的形容詞形式為foggy。 4.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use). 答案:useless 句意:對于重返學(xué)校,人們當(dāng)然有各種理由,但是有一點(diǎn)需要知道的重要的事是,知識是有用的。所填詞涉及否定意義的后綴:名詞+-less構(gòu)成形容詞。所填詞作系動(dòng)詞is的表語,且根據(jù)語境,此處應(yīng)填表示否定意義的形容詞,構(gòu)成雙重否定。usele
4、ss “無用的”。 5.The ________ (protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world. 答案:protection 句意:人類環(huán)境的保護(hù)和改善是一個(gè)影響全世界人民和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大問題。根據(jù)“and improvement”可知,所填詞為protect的名詞形式。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在protect后加后綴-ion變?yōu)槊~。 6.The meetin
5、g supposed to be ________ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end. 答案:successful 句意:那場本應(yīng)該成功的會(huì)議最終被證明是失敗的。所填詞作be的表語,應(yīng)填形容詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在success后加后綴-ful,構(gòu)成形容詞。 7.Customs officials ________ (cover) a plot to smuggle weapons into the country. 答案:uncovered 句意:海關(guān)官員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)走私武器入境的陰謀。所填詞涉及表示相反意義的前綴:un-。句
6、中所填詞應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)后面的賓語a plot可知,此處應(yīng)表示“發(fā)現(xiàn),揭露”;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則,在動(dòng)詞前加前綴un-,轉(zhuǎn)化為相反意義的動(dòng)詞,故填uncovered。 8.Ann will be remembered for her ability and her ________ (warm). 答案:warmth 句意:安因?yàn)樗哪芰蜔崆橛押茫瑢⒈汇懹?。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-th。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后,應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則可知warm的名詞形式,即在詞尾加后綴-th。 9.One person was killed, several were
7、 ________ (serious) hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received small hurt. 答案:seriously 句意:一個(gè)人喪生,幾個(gè)人嚴(yán)重受傷,被送往醫(yī)院,并且數(shù)名其他人受了輕傷。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴:-ly。所填詞在句中修飾動(dòng)詞hurt,作狀語,應(yīng)填副詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,serious的副詞形式只要在詞尾加后綴-ly即可。 10.It has a highly ________ (regular) shape, covered with bumps and inde
8、ntations. 答案:irregular 句意:它的外形極不規(guī)則,滿是凸塊和凹陷。所填詞涉及表示相反意義的前綴:ir-。句中為形容詞作定語,修飾名詞shape,根據(jù)后面的過去分詞短語可知,所填詞表示“不規(guī)則的”;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成法規(guī)則,在形容詞前加前綴ir-,轉(zhuǎn)化為相反意義的形容詞,故填irregular。 11.It is ________ (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16. 答案:illegal 句意:出售煙草給16歲以下者是非法的。所填詞涉及表示否定或相反意義的前綴:il-。所填詞在句中作表語,且根據(jù)“to someone u
9、nder 16”可知,此處表示“非法的”。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,應(yīng)加前綴il-。 12.Extracurricular activities ________ (able) the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks. 答案:enable 句意:課外活動(dòng)可以使學(xué)生們知道怎樣運(yùn)用在課本上學(xué)到的知識。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞的前綴:en-。所填詞在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,able的動(dòng)詞形式,只要在詞首加前綴en-即可,enable 意為“使……能夠”。 13.You can rely o
10、n him because he is quite ________ (rely). 答案:reliable 所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的后綴:-able。所填詞用在系動(dòng)詞is后,作表語,根據(jù)句中的“rely on him”可知,所填詞表示“值得信賴的”,根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,rely的形容詞形式,須將字母y改為i,再加后綴-able。 14.People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or ________ (honest). 答案:dishonest 句意:靠福利救濟(jì)的人被誤認(rèn)為懶惰或不誠實(shí)。所填詞涉及表示否定意義的前綴:dis-。根據(jù)語境可知,應(yīng)
11、填形容詞,并表示否定意義,即 “不誠實(shí)的”;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,只需在詞首加前綴dis-。 15.You may find to your ________ (amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believe possible. 答案:amazement 句意:你可能會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn),在你的社區(qū),洋溢著難以置信的友愛。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-ment。所填詞位于your之后,應(yīng)用名詞形式;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,只需在詞尾加后綴-ment即可變?yōu)槊~。 16.I can not control
12、my body well. My legs become ________ (pain). 答案:painful 句意:我無法很好地掌控我的身體。我的雙腿變得疼痛。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴:-ful。所填詞位于連系動(dòng)詞之后,應(yīng)用形容詞作表語;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,只需在詞尾加后綴-ful即可構(gòu)成painful “疼痛的”。 17.Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary (紀(jì)錄片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of ex
13、tremely ________ (ambition) parents. 答案:ambitious 根據(jù)空格位置,后面是名詞parents,應(yīng)該使用形容詞作定語,故填ambitious。 18.Under her ________ (encourage), I would spend hours burying myself in novels, even if my friends just laughed at me. 答案:encouragement 句意:在她的鼓勵(lì)下我總會(huì)花幾個(gè)小時(shí)埋頭看小說,即使朋友們嘲笑我。這里需用名詞,指的是“在她的鼓勵(lì)下”。 19.The _____
14、___ (grow) number of Chinese tourists traveling to Spain has in recent years offered opportunities for local companies. 答案:growing 該空格處后面的詞“number”是名詞,名詞受形容詞修飾限制,grow為動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞時(shí),常用v.-ing表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行,v.-ed表示被動(dòng)完成。此處表示大量中國游客去西班牙旅行,這個(gè)數(shù)量一直在增長中,表示進(jìn)行,故答案為growing。 20.China has once again showed its ability t
15、o change the world with its “new four great ________ (invent)”. 答案:inventions 句意:中國用“新四大發(fā)明”再次展示了改變世界的能力。前面有形容詞性物主代詞修飾,且作介詞的賓語,故這里用名詞形式invention,且為可數(shù)名詞,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 21.I ________ (firm) believed I could learn lots of words, phrases, translation skills, news stories and even amazing knowledge by reading
16、 it. 答案:firmly 空格后的believed為動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞受副詞修飾,故答案為firmly。 22.In most ________ (develop) countries, like America and the Great Britain, teaching is a profession. 答案:developed 句意:在美國和英國等發(fā)達(dá)國家中,教書是一種專業(yè)。develop的形容詞變體有developing和developed兩種形式,句中修飾美國和英國,故答案應(yīng)為developed。 23.________ (luck), native English speak
17、ers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 答案:Luckily 句意:慶幸的是,英語為母語者能夠彼此理解,即使他們不講同一種類的英語。所填詞修飾整個(gè)句子,因此使用副詞,故答案為Luckily。 24.Being ________ (happy)is like an infectious disease. It causes people to stay away from the sufferer. 答案:unhappy 句意:不快樂就像傳染病一樣,會(huì)使得人們對于不快樂
18、的人退避三舍。根據(jù)此空后面的“l(fā)ike an infectious disease”(像一個(gè)傳染病一樣)可知,此處應(yīng)該使用happy的反義詞,故填unhappy。 25.She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her ________ (comfort). 答案:discomfort 根據(jù)上文,說明她“不舒服”。句意:她的左胳膊很不自然地抬著,好像它讓她不舒服似的。 26.It was ________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in
19、the ancient days without any modern machines. 答案:extremely 此空并不是系動(dòng)詞was后的表語,作表語的是difficult,空格處所填詞修飾difficult,故填副詞。 27.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________ (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble. 答案:practical 此處表示可是我們需要切實(shí)可行的建議幫我們脫離困境,故用practice的形容詞形式practical。 28.Try to u
20、nderstand what's actually happening instead of acting on the________ (assume) you've made. 答案:assumption 句意:試著去理解實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假設(shè)行事。前面是定冠詞the,后面跟名詞形式,故填assumption。 29.Alice, the sales manager of the company, is doing a course to ________ (sharp) her business skills. 答案:sharpen 句意:這家公司的銷售經(jīng)理Al
21、ice正在學(xué)習(xí)一門課程來提高她的業(yè)務(wù)技能。sharpen “加強(qiáng),提高”。Alice學(xué)習(xí)課程的目的是提高技能。 30.A television series is fast gaining its word-of-mouth ________ (popular) among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners. 答案:popularity 根據(jù)空格位置,前面有形容詞性物主代詞its和word-of-mouth,后面應(yīng)該為名詞。popular為形容詞,它的名詞變化為后面加-ity,故填popularity。 二、單句改
22、錯(cuò) 1.The teachers in our school are all kind and helpfully. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:helpfully→helpful 本句中,系動(dòng)詞are后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。由派生法規(guī)則可知,-ful可作形容詞的后綴,而-ly為副詞的后綴,故將helpfully改為helpful。 2.That little act of kind made everyone who saw it feel good—but it
23、made me feel the best of all! ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:kind→kindness 本句中,介詞of后應(yīng)該接名詞;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在形容詞后加后綴-ness可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞,故將kind改為kindness,act of kindness意為“善舉”。 3.As far as I am concerned, my suggest is that we should always have a notebook and a Chin
24、ese-English dictionary within easy reach. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:suggest→suggestion 本句中,系動(dòng)詞is前的名詞短語作主語,且my后應(yīng)接名詞;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ion,可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞,故將suggest改為suggestion。 4.If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn mor
25、e about it and become more interested in it. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:deep→deepen 本句中,從句中應(yīng)用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在形容詞后加后綴-en,可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的動(dòng)詞。故將deep改為deepen。 5.A lot of people became homely owing to the terrible earthquake. _________________________________
26、_______________________________________ 答案:homely→homeless 本句中,became為連系動(dòng)詞,后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語,且根據(jù)語境可知,此處應(yīng)接表示否定意義的形容詞;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在名詞后加后綴-less,可變?yōu)楸硎痉穸ㄒ饬x的形容詞。故將homely改為homeless。 6.The good working conditions in this company are attract. ________________________________________________________________________
27、 答案:attract→attractive 本句中,應(yīng)用形容詞作are的表語,描述該公司的工作條件吸引人;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ive,可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的形容詞。故將attract改為attractive。 7.Try your best to memory these new words. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:memory→memorize 本句中,to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號,后接動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成不定式短語,表示目的;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,-ize可作為動(dòng)詞
28、的后綴。以y結(jié)尾的,去掉y,再加-ize,故將memory改為memorize。 8.My close friend Jack understood me, which made me upset. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:understood→misunderstood 根據(jù)句中的非限制定語從句可知,“我”很傷感的原因是朋友誤會(huì)了“我”。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在動(dòng)詞前加前綴mis-可變?yōu)楸硎鞠喾匆饬x的詞。故將understood改為misunderstood。
29、 9.I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:reason→reasonable 本句中,修飾名詞practice,應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在名詞后加后綴-able,可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的形容詞。故將reason改為reasonable。 10.After waiting for about half an hour
30、, I was beginning to get impatiently. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:impatiently→impatient 句意:等了半個(gè)小時(shí)后我開始變得不耐煩了。get為系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞,故將構(gòu)成副詞的后綴-ly去掉。 11.Unfortunate, I won't be able to meet you at the airport because I have classes in the afternoon. __________
31、______________________________________________________________ 答案:Unfortunate→Unfortunately 位于句首修飾整個(gè)句子應(yīng)用副詞。 12.If you feel nervous or stress, try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:stress→stressed 句意:如果
32、你感到緊張或有壓力,試著做一些放松練習(xí),比如深呼吸。stressed意為“感到有壓力的”。 13.She found someone was following her, so she felt very frightening. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:frightening→frightened 句意:她發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在尾隨她,所以她感到非常害怕。描述人的心理感受應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式的形容詞。 14.It is our belief to further expa
33、nd markets and be satisfied with existing achievements. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:satisfied→dissatisfied 句意:進(jìn)一步開拓市場,不滿足于現(xiàn)有成績是我們的信念。 根據(jù)上文“開拓市場”,說明“不滿足于現(xiàn)有成績”。 15.What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it i
34、s access to disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案:access→accessible 句意:氣功的特殊之處在于它可以躺著、坐著或站著去做。所以殘疾人、老年人和傷后恢復(fù)的人都可以做。系動(dòng)詞is之后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,故將access改為形容詞accessible,其意為“易接近的;容易理解的”。 構(gòu)詞法(一) 英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要可以分
35、為派生法、合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法。正確運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法知識,有助于學(xué)生辨識閱讀中遇到的生詞的能力,更有助于考生解答語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題中關(guān)于詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)題。 一、名詞的后綴 1.動(dòng)詞+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion(表示動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作過程)→名詞 correct→correction 糾正;改正 expect→expectation 期望 consider→consideration 考慮 conclude→conclusion 結(jié)論 2.動(dòng)詞+-er/-or/-ee/-ar/-ess/-ian/-ist(表示從事某種職業(yè)或進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人,即具體
36、表示某種“人”)→名詞 conduct→conductor 指揮;售票員 teach→teacher 教師 lie→liar 說謊者 employ→employee 員工 art→artist 藝術(shù)家 music→musician 音樂家 3.動(dòng)詞+-ment(表示行為狀態(tài)、過程、手段或結(jié)果)→名詞 punish→punishment 懲罰 achieve→achievement 成就 4.動(dòng)詞/形容詞+-th→名詞 warm→warmth 溫暖;熱情 5.形容詞+ -y/-ty/-ity→名詞 honest→ho
37、nesty 誠實(shí) cruel→cruelty 殘忍 responsible→responsibility責(zé)任 6.形容詞+-ness(表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì))→名詞 careless→carelessness 粗心 7.動(dòng)詞+-ance/-ence→名詞 perform→performance 表演;業(yè)績 prefer→preference 偏愛 8.名詞+-ship(表示身份、關(guān)系或資格)→名詞 member→membership 成員;會(huì)員 9.動(dòng)詞+-ure/-ture→名詞 fail→failure 失敗
38、 mix→mixture 混合物 10.形容詞+-dom→名詞 free→freedom 自由 11.動(dòng)詞+-al→名詞 arrive→arrival 到達(dá) 12.名詞+-ful→名詞 mouth→mouthful 一口;一滿口(的量) hand→handful 一把;一把的量 二、形容詞的前綴與后綴 1.名詞+-al(表示“有……屬性”或“與……有關(guān)”)→形容詞 agriculture→agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的 nation→national 國家的 2.動(dòng)詞/名詞+-able/-ible→形容詞
39、 accept→acceptable 可接受的 access→accessible 容易達(dá)到的 3.動(dòng)詞+-ive→形容詞 act→active 積極的 instruct→instructive 具有教育意義的 4.名詞+-ful→形容詞 care→careful 仔細(xì)的;認(rèn)真的 5.名詞+-y/-ly→形容詞 wealth→wealthy 富裕的 friend→friendly 友好的 6.名詞+-ous→形容詞 danger→dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的 mountain→mountainous 多山的 7.以-s
40、ome結(jié)尾的形容詞 tire→tiresome 令人厭煩的 8.以a-為首構(gòu)成的形容詞 live→alive 活(著)的 wake→awake 醒著的 三、動(dòng)詞的前綴與后綴 1.前綴en- +形容詞→動(dòng)詞 rich→enrich 使豐富 large→enlarge 變大;擴(kuò)大 2.前綴en-+名詞→動(dòng)詞 danger→endanger 危及;危害 courage→encourage 鼓勵(lì) 3.形容詞/名詞+后綴-en→動(dòng)詞 short→shorten 縮短 sharp→sharpen 使尖銳 4.以-ify結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 s
41、imple→simplify 使簡化 beauty→beautify 使美化 5.以-ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 real→realize 意識到 memory→memorize 識記;記憶 四、副詞的后綴 變化形式 例詞 直接加-ly(表示以某種方式) slow→slowly 緩慢地 extreme→extremely 極端 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞,改y為i,加-ly happy→happily 高興地 merry→merrily 快樂地 去e加-ly true→truly 真正地 以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-y simple→
42、simply簡單地 gentle→gently溫柔地 五、表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴 1.表示否定或相反意義的前綴 (1)un-/dis-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/non- 不,非 able→unable 不能夠 cover→uncover 揭露 honest→dishonest不誠實(shí)的 active→inactive 不活躍的 patient→impatient 不耐煩的 regular→irregular 不規(guī)則的 logical→illogical 不合邏輯的 (2)mis- 錯(cuò)誤地 lead→mislea
43、d 誤導(dǎo) 2.-less表示否定或相反意義的后綴 use→useless 無用的 hope→hopeless 毫無希望的 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語法填空 1.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes. 答案:careful 句意:然而,謹(jǐn)防走極端。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴:-ful。動(dòng)詞be后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在名詞后加后綴-ful,可轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞,故填careful。 2.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used t
44、o pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案:fairly 句意:那時(shí)候,使用蒸汽機(jī)牽引車廂,乘客們肯定會(huì)因?yàn)闊熀驮胍舳鴺O為不舒服。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴:-ly。所填詞修飾后面的形容詞unpleasant,應(yīng)用副詞;根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則,在形容詞后加后綴-ly,可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)意義的副詞。故填fairly,意為“相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄? 3.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)This development was
45、only possible with the ________ (introduce) of the electric-powered engines and lifts. 答案:introduction 句意:只有隨著電力機(jī)車和升降機(jī)的引進(jìn),這種發(fā)展才有可能。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-tion。所填詞位于定冠詞the之后,of之前,應(yīng)填名詞形式;根據(jù)派生詞規(guī)則,可在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-tion,變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞,故填introduction。 4.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (s
46、uccess) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 答案:successful 句意:中部倫敦地鐵是這些新線路中最成功的線路之一,在1900年開放營運(yùn)。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴:-ful。所填詞位于表示最高級的“the most”之后,應(yīng)填形容詞;根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則,可在名詞后加后綴-ful,構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的形容詞,故填successful,意為“成功的”。 5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate). 答案:education 句
47、意:她決心繼續(xù)接受教育。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-ion。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后,應(yīng)填名詞作賓語;根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則,可在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ion,構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的名詞,故填education。 6.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 答案:certainly 句意:這的確有趣,但這種生活方式有一點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴:-ly。所填詞在句子中修飾形容詞fun,應(yīng)用副詞形式;根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則,可在形容詞后加后綴-ly,構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的
48、副詞。 7.(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical ________ (equip), allowing more patients to be treated. 答案:equipment 句意:這家醫(yī)院近來已經(jīng)獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,使得更多的病人可以獲得救治。所填詞位于形容詞new medical之后,應(yīng)填名詞;根據(jù)派生詞轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則,在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-ment可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞,故填equipment。 8.(2017·天津高考) I had a very poor ________ (relation) w
49、ith food: I used it to kill bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. 答案:relationship 句意:我與食物的關(guān)系很不和諧:我利用它來消除糟糕的心情,讓我自己感覺更好,并且用食物來慶祝。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-ship。故填relationship,意為“(抽象的或內(nèi)在的)關(guān)系”。 9.(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out
50、a ________ (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away. 答案:handful 句意:去年十月,Lena Pahlsson 在照料她位于瑞典莫拉的花園時(shí),她拔出一把小胡蘿卜,并且正要扔掉。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-ful。所填詞位于冠詞a之后,應(yīng)填名詞;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則,在名詞后加后綴-ful可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞,故填handful,意為“一把”。 10.(2017·浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ______
51、__ (shine) object. 答案:shiny/shining 句意:但是某樣?xùn)|西讓她湊近了看,并且她注意到了一個(gè)閃光的物體。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴:-y/-ing。 所填詞位于冠詞a之后,名詞object之前,應(yīng)填形容詞;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則,可在動(dòng)詞后加后綴-y/-ing構(gòu)成形容詞,故填shiny/shining。 11.(2017·江蘇高考)Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her ________ (difficult). 答案:difficu
52、lty 句意:如果沒有老師們的支持,這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴:-y。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后,應(yīng)填名詞;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則,可在形容詞之后加后綴-y,轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞,故填difficulty。 12.(2017·江蘇高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, ________ (strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist. 答案:strengthe
53、ned 句意:《偉大前程》這部小說的出版發(fā)行受到各界的評論和高度贊揚(yáng),它鞏固了狄更斯作為頂尖小說家的地位。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的后綴:-en。所填詞作句子的謂語;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則,可在名詞后面加后綴-en,轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的動(dòng)詞,且本句描述過去的事實(shí),故填strengthened。 13.(2016·江蘇高考)He did not compromise easily, but was willing to accept any ________ (construct) advice for a worthy cause. 答案:constructive 句意:他不會(huì)輕易妥協(xié),但愿意
54、為一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的事業(yè)接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。所填詞涉及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴:-ive。所填詞在句中修飾名詞advice,作定語,應(yīng)填形容詞;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則,可在動(dòng)詞后面加后綴-ive,轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,故填constructive,意為“具有建設(shè)性的”。 14.(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning ________ (necessary). 答案:unnecessary 句意:涼爽的風(fēng)吹過臥室的窗戶,使得空調(diào)都沒有必要了。所填詞涉及表示否定或相反意義的前
55、綴。所填詞在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語,應(yīng)填形容詞,根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示“沒有必要的”;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則,可在形容詞前加表示“沒有,不”的前綴un-,故填unnecessary,意為“沒有必要的”。 15.(2018·黃岡中學(xué)模擬)It is ________ (danger) for a woman to walk alone at night. 答案:dangerous 句意:女子一個(gè)人走夜路很危險(xiǎn)。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴:-ous。所填詞位于系動(dòng)詞is之后,作表語,應(yīng)填形容詞;根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則,在名詞后可加后綴-ous,轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的形容詞,故填dangerous,意為
56、“危險(xiǎn)的”。 16.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)In tonight's Easter special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious ________ (inspire) on a budget. 答案:inspiration 根據(jù)前面的形容詞“delicious”可知,后面跟名詞,形容詞作定語,故填inspiration。 17.(2018·天津高考)Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going t
57、o win, but to my ________ (disappoint) we were defeated. 答案:disappointment 句意:作為新隊(duì)的教練,我非常興奮,因?yàn)槲抑牢覀冴?duì)要贏,但是令我失望的是,我們輸了。根據(jù)空格前的my可知,應(yīng)填名詞形式,故填disappointment。 18.(2018·衡水調(diào)研)Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would ________ (normal) cost $3.25 to go in and see the film. 答案:normally 根據(jù)空格位置
58、可知,此處修飾動(dòng)詞cost,故填提示詞的副詞形式normally。 19.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)The most ________ (hope) data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. 答案:hopeful 句意:報(bào)告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的數(shù)據(jù)是:在閱讀方面,父母是孩子的榜樣和重要的楷模。使用形容詞,修飾后面的名詞data,作定語。 20.(2018
59、·全國卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold ________ (discover) in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. 答案:discoveries 句意:城里到處都是不想安家定居的失望的人們,并且當(dāng)他們聽說在阿拉斯加發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子的時(shí)候,他們像來的時(shí)候那樣,迅速地離開了道森城。結(jié)合前面的“new go
60、ld”可知,后面跟名詞形式,同時(shí)根據(jù)there were是復(fù)數(shù),故填discoveries。 21.(2018·江蘇高考)The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without ________ (fundament) changes to the industry. 答案:fundamental 句意:不過,如果產(chǎn)業(yè)沒有發(fā)生基本變化的話,小農(nóng)場主的可持續(xù)發(fā)展不會(huì)發(fā)生。結(jié)合后面的名詞changes可知,前面使用形容詞作定語。 22.(2018·浙江高考)Cooking food can be fun.
61、 You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your ________ (healthy) but in your pocket. 答案:health 句意:烹飪食物是一件有趣的事。你可能開始注意到它對你的健康和你的錢包的影響。根據(jù)前面的形容詞性物主代詞your可知,后面跟名詞,故填health。 23.(2018·天津高考)Despite recent ________ (advance) in 3-D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome
62、. 答案:advancements 結(jié)合前面的形容詞“recent”可知,后面跟名詞,故填advancements。 24.(2018·甘肅西北師大附中診斷)With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something ________ (amaze). 答案:amazing 形容詞修飾something等不定代詞,且應(yīng)位于其后,此處表示“令人驚訝的”,故填amazing。 25.(2019·江蘇啟東中學(xué)月考)When you set off for your appointment, make
63、________ (allow) for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early. 答案:allowance 句意:當(dāng)你出發(fā)去赴約時(shí),要考慮到交通因素,確保你準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá),或者提前到達(dá)。make allowance for sth. “考慮到某事”,故填allowance。 26.(2018·廣東二模)Since the TV adaption has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the ________ (or
64、igin) book to get ahead. 答案:original 此處需用形容詞修飾名詞book,指原版書,故填original。 27.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 答案:strengthen 在不定式符號to后面用動(dòng)詞原形。 28.(2019·深圳耀華實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校月考)Life is jus
65、t a blank cloth—you can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and ________ (danger) people. 答案:dangerous 修飾后面的名詞people,使用形容詞作定語,指危險(xiǎn)的人們。 29.(2018·天津高考)The ________ (possible)that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the
66、 outer space. 答案:possibility 定冠詞the后面接名詞,故填possibility。 30.(2019·山西大學(xué)附中高三模塊診斷)How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computers—including your photos, your recent documents—no longer ________ (access)? 答案:accessible 此處是find+sb./sth.+adj.意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人(物)……”。形容詞作find的賓語的補(bǔ)足語,所以填accessible。 二、 單句改錯(cuò) 1.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ改編)There has been a recent trend in the food serve industry toward lower fat content and less salt. ________________________________________________________________________ 答
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