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1、第2講　4種線索定答案 線索1　代詞指代線索 典例片段1　(2019·河南名校?？?，片段)語篇類型：議論文　主題語境：學(xué)校生活 If you were to drop in on any American high school these days, what would you see? Cell phones. Lots of them. __1__ And it's typical to see them tapping away or listening to music through their earphones. Most schools allow studen

2、ts to have cell phones for safety ... ... However, none of these supposed advantages can overcome one very basic disadvantage ... So what's the solution? ... The effective teacher must connect with his or her students in order to hold their attention ... A．Everyone likes using phones. B．Vi

3、rtually all students have one. C．The teacher's goal must be to attract their desire to learn. D．Using phones to take notes in the classroom becomes popular. E．They can serve as notepads or as an alarm for setting study reminders. F．Eventually, the teacher warns them that their phones will be tak

4、en away. G．Cell phones make students fail to focus on schoolwork and class activities. 分析上文：“Cell phones. Lots of them.”有很多人帶手機(jī)。 下文提示：“see them tapping”中的代詞them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 分析語境：說明此處應(yīng)該提到them所代替的詞。 對比選項(xiàng)：B項(xiàng)“Virtually all students have one.”中one指代上文提到的Cell phones。其中的students是下文them指代的內(nèi)容，故選B。 線

5、索2　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)線索 典例片段2　(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，片段)語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：日常生活 ... Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. __1__， they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make abou

6、t color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. A．While all of them are useful B．Whatever you're looking for C．If you're experimenting with a color D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small colo

7、r pieces F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 上文詞匯：上文提到“Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. (

8、多年來，有許多不同的技術(shù)來幫助設(shè)計師處理這一重要問題。)”由“important point”可知，這些技巧應(yīng)該是“有用的(be useful)”。 下文詞匯：下文“a little complex”與“are useful”是對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 代詞替代：all of them指代上文提到的“a number of different techniques”。 鎖定答案：A項(xiàng)“盡管這些技巧都很有用”，與下文“they can get a little complex”呼應(yīng)，故選A。 線索3　邏輯關(guān)系線索 典例片段3　(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，片段)語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：日常生活

9、 ... The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. __1__. A．While all of them are useful B．Whatever you're looking for C．If you're experimenting

10、 with a color D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major way

11、s 上文內(nèi)容：上文提到“Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. (無論你是在看墻紙還是油漆，投入的時間、精力和相關(guān)花費(fèi)都是很重要的。)” 關(guān)系確定：此處是因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞“so” “because”使上下文順暢連接。 對比分析：“付出肯定是值得的，因?yàn)槟阆朐诘谝淮尉桶咽虑樽龊谩！惫蔬xF。 線索4　平行結(jié)構(gòu)線索 典例片段4　(2019·北京海淀?？迹?語篇類型：說明文　主題

12、語境：學(xué)校生活 ... So what can you do to fight against the negative mindset and stay calm before and during your test? __1__ Yes, this seems obvious, but it's worth repeating. If you feel confident that you've prepared thoroughly, you'll feel more confident walking into the test. The second tip is simp

13、le: just start. The blank page can maximize your anxiety. ... Besides, allocating (分配) your time is equally important. Look through the whole test before getting started. Mentally allocate how much time you'll spend on each section. If there's time to recheck, even better. A．The first thing yo

14、u should do is to be prepared. B．People often deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways. C．If these classic signs of exam anxiety sound familiar, you're not alone! D．Therefore, people need an appropriate amount of pressure to help deal with exams. E．Realizing time is almost up and that there'

15、s still a lot of blank space will make you desperate. F．However, if you are overly anxious about the result, you may be unable to focus on your work. G．After you get the paper, dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confidence. 鎖定主旨：以問題形式引入，如何與考試時的負(fù)面情緒抗?fàn)帲? 正確分析：下文應(yīng)該是對

16、該問題的回答。 相似句型：下文提到“The second tip is ...”以及“Besides, ...”。 確定答案：此處應(yīng)該與“The second tip is ...”是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，屬于第一條建議。A項(xiàng)“The first thing you should do is to be prepared.”符合語境，故選A。 (2019·安徽江南十校二模)語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：資源保護(hù) Conservation requires the reasonable use of all Earth's natural resources. People who are

17、concerned about conservation try their best to protect natural resources. Some resources are renewable. __1__ But renewable resources can still be damaged or destroyed. For example, people may catch too many of one type of fish. If not enough fish are left, that type of fish might die out. Conserva

18、tion helps people keep renewable resources in good supply. Some resources are nonrenewable, which means they cannot be replaced. Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are examples of nonrenewable resources. People can conserve nonrenewable resources by using them carefully. __2__ __3__ For example,

19、cars make travel easy, but they also produce a lot of air pollution. To have clean air, people can choose to drive less and walk more. Such changes can be tough when people have gotten used to a certain life－style. Money is another reason why conservation can be a challenge. For example, a timber (

20、木材) company might be able to protect forest animals by limiting the number of trees it cuts. __4__ Everyone can contribute to conservation in one way or another. People can recycle paper, glass, and other materials. __5__ Governments can make laws that help to keep the air and water clean. A．Indus

21、tries can limit the amount of pollution they create. B．They also try to keep the environment clean and healthy. C．But it might not be willing to do so because it will make less profit. D．Recycling saves resources by reusing materials that would be thrown away. E．They can also look for other alte

22、rnative resources that serve the same purpose. F．Conservation can be hard because it can require people to give up some conveniences. G．Living things, such as plants and animals are such examples because they can reproduce themselves. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們保護(hù)自然資源的原因、困難及解決辦法。 1．G　該空是段中過渡句，采用例證法(關(guān)

23、鍵詞是“such examples”)對上文提到的關(guān)鍵詞“renewable”作進(jìn)一步解釋。根據(jù)復(fù)現(xiàn)信息“reproduce themselves”可以判斷出正確答案。 2．E　上文提到“people”，如果再次提到，可以用they來代替。上文使用“People can conserve nonrenewable resources”結(jié)構(gòu)，下文采用“People can also ...”結(jié)構(gòu)說明節(jié)約不可再生資源的另一種方法。 3．F　下一段提到“Money is another reason”，說明空格處是其中一個使保護(hù)自然資源面臨困難的原因。再由下文“For example”可知，空格

24、所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與此處例子相關(guān)。再由復(fù)現(xiàn)信息“Such changes can be tough”可推知正確選項(xiàng)。 4．C　上文提到“l(fā)imiting the number of trees it cuts”，靠木材生存的廠家要減少砍伐樹木的數(shù)量，勢必造成利潤減少，所以下文應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折句。 5．A　上文提到保護(hù)自然資源遇到的問題，舉例時提到私家車(cars)和木材公司(timber company)?？崭袼诙温涫墙鉀Q的辦法，空格前提到個人(people)該怎么做，后面提到政府(government)該采取的措施，那么可以推斷，此處應(yīng)該是像木材公司這樣的行業(yè)(industries)該怎么去做。

25、 專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一) (1) (2019·湖北七市聯(lián)考)There was a survey of the people who were born from 1980 to 2000, asking them what their most important life goals were. Over 80 percent said it was to get rich. __1__ We're constantly told to devote more to our work, to push harder and to achieve more. We're given the

26、 impression that these are the things that we need to go after to have a good life. But is that the truth? __2__ But what if we could study people from the time when they were teenagers all the way into old age to see what really keeps people happy and healthy? The Harvard Study of Adult Developmen

27、t did it. For 75 years, they've tracked the lives of 724 men. Studies like this are extremely rare. Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade because too many people drop out of the study. __3__ Or the researchers can't get together. But through a combination of luck and the persis

28、tence of several generations of researchers, this study has survived. So what have they learned? The conclusion is that it's not wealth or fame that counts. __4__ They've learned three big lessons about relationships. Firstly, people who are more socially connected to family, to friends and to comm

29、unity are happier and physically healthier. The second is that it's not just the number of friends you have but the quality of your close relationships that matters. And the third is that good relationships don't just protect our bodies. __5__ A．They can even protect our brains. B．To become famou

30、s came second. C．Or funding for the research dries up. D．The good life is built with relationships. E．It turns out that being in conflict is bad for our health. F．It is good relationships that keep us happier and healthier. G．To be frank, sometimes wealth and fame can make people happy. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本

31、文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于什么能真正讓人們快樂和健康的研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓我們更快樂、更健康的不是財富和名望，而是良好的人際關(guān)系。 1．B　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前兩句可知有一項(xiàng)對1980年到2000年出生的人的調(diào)查，詢問他們最重要的生活目標(biāo)是什么，超過80%的人說最重要的生活目標(biāo)是變富有。B項(xiàng)“目標(biāo)為想要出名次之”，符合語境，故選B。 2．G　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前兩句“We're given the impression that these are the things that we need to go after to have a good life. But is that the t

32、ruth？”可知，我們得到的印象是，為了過上美好的生活，我們需要追求這些東西。但事實(shí)果真如此嗎？G項(xiàng)“坦率地說，有時財富和名望能使人快樂”，符合語境，故選G。 3．C　設(shè)空處上一句“Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade because too many people drop out of the study.”(幾乎所有這類項(xiàng)目在十年內(nèi)都會分崩離析，因?yàn)橛刑嗳送顺隽诉@項(xiàng)研究)及設(shè)空處下一句“Or the researchers can't get together.”都在解釋這類研究稀少的原因。C項(xiàng)“或是研

33、究經(jīng)費(fèi)枯竭”也是原因之一，符合語境，故選C。 4．F　本段主要敘述良好的人際關(guān)系令我們更快樂，身體更健康，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“良好的人際關(guān)系讓我們更快樂、更健康”，符合語境，故選F。 5．A　根據(jù)設(shè)空處上一句“And the third is that good relationships don't just protect our bodies.”可知良好的人際關(guān)系不僅僅是保護(hù)我們的身體。A項(xiàng)“它們甚至可以保護(hù)我們的大腦”，符合語境，故選A。 　 track vt. 追蹤　combination n. 合并　persistence n. 毅力　count v. 計算；視為；依賴；重要，有價值

34、　 第三段第二句：The conclusion is that it's not wealth or fame that counts. 譯文：結(jié)論是財富和名聲都不重要。 分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。第一個that引導(dǎo)表語從句。在表語從句中有一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“it's ... that ...”。count是動詞，意為“重要，有意義”。 (2) (2019·北京海淀?？? Benefits of Sports Doing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It's a great way for children to

35、 take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have proven to improve overall well-being. The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, y

36、ou'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're involved. __1__ Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions. __2__ Pla

37、ying sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A pat on the back, high-five from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a child's confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. __3_

38、_ So after a game, it's a better idea to ask “Did you enjoy the game？” rather than “Did you win？” Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. __4__ Teamwork involves both being dependable as a team

39、mate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader. Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a stri

40、ct training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics. __5__ There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go? Pick one and get moving! A．It's not just your body that benefits from sports. B．Therefore, playing

41、sports is going to make you more fit. C．But remember, a child's self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss. D．If you play group sports, you'll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach. E．Nearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitiv

42、e. F．Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage. G．Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了體育運(yùn)動的益處。 1．E　主題句是“運(yùn)動對身體的好處”。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后一句可知，籃球運(yùn)動員注重力量訓(xùn)練，足球運(yùn)動員側(cè)重速度，而田徑運(yùn)動員通過長跑訓(xùn)練。由此推知，幾乎每一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動

43、都需要體力活動和具有競爭力的技能。故選E項(xiàng)。 2．A　下句提到“Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth.(運(yùn)動有助于心理健康，有助于增強(qiáng)自信和自我價值)”說明此處應(yīng)該是運(yùn)動不僅僅對身體有好處。故選A。 3．C　下句提到應(yīng)該問“你喜歡這場比賽嗎？”而不是“你贏了嗎？”，C項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“should not be distinguished by victory or loss”與此呼應(yīng)。 4．F　下句關(guān)鍵詞是“Teamwork”，與選項(xiàng)F中“functi

44、on as part of a team”呼應(yīng)。 5．G　本段講的是運(yùn)動帶來的紀(jì)律方面的好處，只有G項(xiàng)“只有嚴(yán)格遵守紀(jì)律，你才能在課堂上和運(yùn)動場上都取得成功?！迸c此呼應(yīng)，而且與上句緊密相連。 　 well-being n. 健康；幸福　accountability n．責(zé)任　get involved in 參與 　 第二段第二句：Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're in

45、volved. 譯文：當(dāng)你開始運(yùn)動的時候，無論你的健康水平如何，一旦你參加了運(yùn)動，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的整體健康水平有了提高。 分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。regardless of引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，“不管……，不顧……”。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。once引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，“一旦……”。 (3) (原創(chuàng)題) How to Write a Play A stage play involves drama and action as its most pure actions. __1__ If you want to join the ranks of Shakespeare, Ibsen,

46、and Arthur Miller, you need to develop a bold, character-driven story meant to be performed in a theatre. Start with characters. Plays are character-driven pieces of writing. Since it's basically going to be a lot of talking between people, your characters need to be as believable as possible. In

47、 great plays, the inner tensions between characters enact themselves in external ways. __2__ __3__ The setting of the play is where and when the story takes place. Placing your character in a tense situation or location is an important way to create drama. Combining character and setting can also b

48、e a good way of developing your character, and figuring out what kind of story might result from their placement in that setting. Understand the limitations of the stage. __4__ A play is basically an ongoing series of conversations between people. The focus needs to be on the tension between the c

49、haracters, the language, and on developing your characters into believable people. It isn't a great medium for gun fights and car chases. Always be moving forward. In the early drafts, you'll probably write a lot of scenes that wander without really going anywhere. That's OK. Sometimes you need to

50、have the character spend a long awkward dinner conversation with their brother-in-law to find out something that gives you a whole new perspective on the drama. Great！__5__ But it doesn't necessarily mean the whole dinner date is important to the play. A．Consider the setting. B．Be sure to include

51、why the setting is how it is. C．Remember: you're not writing a movie. D．All you've got to work with is characters and language. E．That means you're writing successfully. F．It's important to see new plays if you're going to write new plays. G．They need to have problems that show up in their beha

52、vior. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。想寫出優(yōu)秀的舞臺劇本嗎？讀完本篇文章，會讓你受益良多。 1．D　選項(xiàng)D與設(shè)空處前面的“drama and action as its most pure actions”呼應(yīng)，也與后面的“character-driven”呼應(yīng)，因此選D。 2．G　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的“the inner tensions between characters enact themselves in external ways”以外部的方式表演出這些人物性格的內(nèi)在緊張性，可知他們需要通過行為來表達(dá)內(nèi)心問題，故選G。 3．A　選項(xiàng)A與設(shè)空處后面的“The setting

53、 of the play”中的setting呼應(yīng)，故選A。 4．C　選項(xiàng)C與標(biāo)題“Understand the limitations of the stage.(理解舞臺的局限性)”有關(guān)，根據(jù)本段最后一句話也可知，舞臺劇不能呈現(xiàn)槍戰(zhàn)和飛車追逐，因此選C“記住：你不是在寫電影劇本”。 5．E　根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的“Great”可知，在寫作方面有了很大的成功。 　 character-driven adj. 角色驅(qū)動的　ongoing adj. 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的，不斷發(fā)展的　medium n. 媒介，手段，方法　awkward adj. 令人尷尬的；使人難堪的 　 第三段最后一句：Combin

54、ing character and setting can also be a good way of developing your character, and figuring out what kind of story might result from their placement in that setting. 譯文：將角色和背景結(jié)合起來也是一個好方法，它可以發(fā)展你的角色，以及弄清楚他們在那個背景中可能會發(fā)展出什么樣的故事。 分析：這是一個簡單句。句中現(xiàn)在分詞短語Combining character and setting作主語，a good way為表語。介詞短語of

55、 developing your character, and figuring out ... 作后置定語修飾way; figuring out后是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 (4) (2019·湖南長沙?？?It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run, and, importantly, not doing more h

56、arm than good. Warm up, cool down __1__ Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches (伸展) once you're finished. Drink water You might not feel hot, but that's because sweat evaporates (蒸發(fā)) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So

57、 be sure to drink water before, during and after cold-weather workouts. __2__ A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it. __3__ Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic (合成的) cloth

58、ing that help protect you from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture (水分). Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, or beanie (無邊小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of y

59、our body. __4__ Run into the wind __5__ Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run, when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill. A．Dress right. B．K

60、eep warm. C．Don't go too fast, too soon. D．Start and finish in the same way. E．Don't wait to drink water until you feel thirsty. F．Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back. G．On really cold days, wear a mask or scarf over your mouth to protect your face. 1．C　由設(shè)空后的“Your muscl

61、es need some time to warm up”(你的肌肉需要一些時間來熱身)和“take it easy”可知，不要急于跑得過快。 2．E　本段主題是“喝水”。由設(shè)空前的“確保之前喝水”可知，此處應(yīng)該是“不要等到渴了再喝水”。 3．A　本段講的是跑步時穿戴方面的一些注意事項(xiàng)。故A項(xiàng)符合語境。 4．G　上文提到跑步時穿的衣服、戴的帽子和手套等，此處應(yīng)該是戴上口罩或圍巾保護(hù)面部。 5．F　由該段最后一句可知，在跑步的后半段，當(dāng)你更有可能出汗和受涼的時候，你不要迎著風(fēng)，因此這是介紹逆風(fēng)運(yùn)動、順風(fēng)回家的必要性。F項(xiàng)符合題意。 　 ensure vt. 確?！ttach to

62、附著于…… 　distribute vt. 分配；散布 　 第二段第二句：Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches (伸展) once you're finished. 譯文：當(dāng)天氣冷的時候，你的肌肉需要一些時間來熱身，所以當(dāng)你出發(fā)的時候要放松，當(dāng)你完成的時候做一些伸展運(yùn)動。 分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。兩個when都引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。once也引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一旦”。 專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(二) (

63、1) (2019·安徽押題卷)Bloating (脹氣) is often caused by eating certain foods, in particular, those high in fibre. But fibre shouldn't be the enemy when it comes to bloating, according to nutritionist Cassandra Barns. __1__ Don't cut out fibre Fibre plays an important role in one's health, and the shortag

64、e of it will lead to healthy problems. __2__ Cassandra explained: “A lack of fibre can contribute to constipation (便秘)．” __3__ While eating as much fibre as possible may seem a healthy option, eating too much can also play havoc (災(zāi)害) with your digestive system. Cassandra said: “Too much fibre may

65、 not be helpful for those with bloating, flatulence or abdominal pain, especially insoluble fibre such as that found in wheat bran, seeds and nuts and there tough parts of vegetables and fruits such as their skins.” Which grains to choose If you're partial to eating grains as your source of fibre,

66、 there are certain ones considered better than others at reducing bloating. Cassandra said: “If you eat grains, choose the ‘gentler’ ones such as brown rice and oats.” How to prepare vegetables and fruits When it comes to fruits and vegetables, Cassandra advises putting in a bit of time to prepare them. She said: “__4__” Nuts and seeds __5__ Cassandra explained: “Soaking nuts and seeds in water for 8 to 12 hours can help them to be more easily digested.” One nut in particular could be causin