2022年高中英語 Module1 Europe 第4課時學(xué)案 外研版必修3

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1、2022年高中英語 Module1 Europe 第4課時學(xué)案 外研版必修3 學(xué)習(xí)目標： 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的用法及區(qū)別 2. 以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞的用法 3. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 學(xué)習(xí)重點：一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)分及在語句中的運用 學(xué)習(xí)難點：利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 課前預(yù)習(xí) 使用說明與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)： 1. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 2. 15分鐘之內(nèi)完成 預(yù)習(xí)自測： 用所給詞的適當形式填空 (1)I wonder whether the soldier is one of those who abroad to keep p

2、eace.(send) (2)Quantities of precious jewelry buried deep in the earth.(find) (3)A poet and artist to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.(e) (4)Students taking the course to finish their homework with the help of puters.(encourage)

3、 (5)A book recording former Chinese President Jiang Zemin’s overseas visits from 1990 to 2002 at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.(release) 我的疑問： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4、 課內(nèi)探究 質(zhì)疑探究： 動詞的被動語態(tài) 語態(tài)(Voice)是動詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。語態(tài)通常分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 被動語態(tài)(Passive Voice)表示句子的主語是動作的承受者。其句子的謂語動詞是：be + v-ed形式。 由于語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它只表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系，它沒有表示動作發(fā)生的時間和方式，因此，被動語態(tài)形式的句子，仍然有各種時態(tài)變化。由于構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的行為動詞變成了動詞-ed形式，所以，被動語態(tài)句子的時態(tài)都要體現(xiàn)在助動詞be上。 1. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1) 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are + v-ed

5、 You are wanted on the telephone. 有人給你打電話。 2) 一般過去時 was/were + v-ed The book was finished last week. 這書是上周寫完的。 3) 一般將來時 will be + v-ed You’ll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天讓你出去。 4) 現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時? ①The building is being built. 這幢樓正在建設(shè)之中。 ②The bikes were

6、 being repaired. 那時正在修自行車。 5) 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時 ①This book has been translated into English. 這本書已被譯成英語。 ②The car had been repaired. 這時汽車已修完了。 2. 被動語態(tài)的用法 1) 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰(這時都不帶由by引起的短語)。? The book is written for teachers. 這種書是為教師寫的。 2) 動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時可帶由by

7、引起的短語)。 The shop is run by a young man. 這家商店是由一個年輕人經(jīng)營的。 3) 出于禮貌措辭等方面的考慮不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here. 一般認為在這兒吸煙是不妥當?shù)摹? 4) 被動結(jié)構(gòu)能使句子得到更好的安排。 Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 劉德華在臺上出現(xiàn)，觀眾給予了熱烈的

8、掌聲。 3. 學(xué)習(xí)、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意下面幾點: 1) 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)，要保持短語動詞的完整性，動詞后面的介詞或副詞切記不可遺漏。 These books must be taken good care of.? 這些書必須好好保管。 The children were well looked after.? 孩子們受到了良好的護理。 2) 帶雙賓語的動詞的被動語態(tài)： (give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)

9、將其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個賓語作為保留賓語，或變?yōu)榻樵~賓語，作狀語。 我們給他一些圖畫書。 We gave him some picture-books. →He was given some picture-books. →Some picture-books were given to him. 3) 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 (情態(tài)動詞+be+v-ed) 原子是可分的。 We can divide an atom. →An atom can be divided. 4) 有些動詞主動語態(tài)形式表示被動語態(tài)如： sell, wash,

10、 draw, keep, prove, clean, run, wear, cook, read, smoke, cut, burn等。 The book sells well.? 這本書暢銷。 Silk wears well.? 絲耐穿。 This cloth washes well.? 這種布料耐洗。 主謂一致 “一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, works等。

11、1. 由and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一個人的雙重身份或匹配出現(xiàn)的事物時謂語動詞為單數(shù)，由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那個工人兼作家…) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家) Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada. Bread and butter is a daily food in

12、the West. 常見的由and連接的指一個概念的有： the needle and thread 針線 salt and water鹽和水 the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 鋼鐵 time and tide 歲月 2. every one of, one of, each of, either of, neither of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 Each of the students has a book. Each of the girls likes dancing. One of them

13、 has been abroad. Neither of the two boys is good at English. “one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu) 如果one前面沒有限定詞，這個句型中的“復(fù)數(shù)名詞”是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 如果one前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定詞修飾，則one是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 John is the only one of the students who has the keys. John is one of the students wh

14、o have the keys. 3. more than one, many a + 單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。(形單意復(fù)) More than one student has tried. Many a student and teacher is watching the football match. Many a man has died in the war. 4. each/every/no/many a + 單數(shù)名詞 and each/every/no/many a + 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 1. Each book and

15、each paper is found in its place. 2. Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 3. Many a boy and many a girl has seen these paintings. 4. Every hour and minute is important. 第二個each, every, many a可以省略。 5. a+單數(shù)名詞+and a half， a+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 1. A year

16、 and a half has passed. 2. A day or two is enough. one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞, one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 1. One or two boys know it. 2. One and a half months have passed since I saw him. 3. A month and a half has passed since I saw him. 6. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。

17、 All are present. All the food tastes good. none of...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語： 指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，強調(diào)全體，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)更好一些；著重個別，則用單數(shù)較好。 None of the money is yours. None of us have/has ever been abroad. 7. “a number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語， 謂語用復(fù)數(shù); “許多” “the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)?！啊臄?shù)量” The number of tra

18、ffic accidents has increased. A number of children like this song. 8. Quantity/ies of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 the quantity of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 a quantity of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 a quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語用單數(shù)。 quantities of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Quantities of tea were sold last month. A large quantity of bee

19、r was sold out. The quantity of books in the library is amazing. 9. population 做主語指人口,謂語用單數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)；分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+ of the population做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of the village is 538. One third of the population here are workers. 10. the Olympic Games, the Asian Games 做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The Olympic G

20、ames are held every four years. 11. half most enough part the rest the last +of +名詞作主語 lots some plenty 分數(shù) 百分數(shù) 謂語動詞要和 of 之后的名詞保持一致。 1. Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 2. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 3. Over twenty

21、percent of the city was destroyed in the war. 4. Forty-five percent of the doctors were women. 5. Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys. 12. 集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, majority, crew, audience, government, public, group, mittee等作主語。強調(diào)整體用單

22、數(shù)，指個體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is in Harbin. His family are music lovers. The mittee was made up of 10 members. The mittee were in the hall. The team is the best in the league. 這個隊在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球隊隊員們在洗澡。 This class consists of 45 students. Mr. Green teaches it.

23、 This class are all diligent. Mr. Green teaches them. 但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法： 1. 有的集合名詞總是用作單數(shù)(不可數(shù))：clothing衣服，poetry 詩歌，baggage/ luggage 行李，furniture家具，scenery 景色等。 2. 有的集合名詞總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(但不用復(fù)數(shù)形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。 3. goods, clothes, glasses, shoes, scissors及trousers, chopsticks, passes等以

24、復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)； 4. news, politics, maths, physics, plastics等形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 The goods belong to Mr. Wang. No news is good news. My trousers are new. 13. “the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主語 the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及dead等詞，相當 于復(fù)數(shù)名詞，代表整個類別，故作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The

25、 old in China are living a happy life. The wounded have been saved. The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 14. 表示時間、距離、錢額、重量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 1) Eight hours of sleep is enough. 2) A hundred miles is a long distance. 3) Ten pounds was missing from my pocket. 4) Twenty

26、 years has passed since he left his hometown. 15. 動名詞、不定式、從句做主語 1) 單個動名詞或不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 Making speeches is not her strong point. Growing flowers needs constant watering. 2) 由and連接的兩個(或多個)動名詞或不定式作主語 如果并列的動名詞或不定式語義相同或相似，謂語用單數(shù)； 如果語義不一致，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Lying and stealing are not right. To love an

27、d to be loved is sweet to me. Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem. 3) 由that, where, when, whether, how等詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語，主句的謂語常用單數(shù)形式。 How they can finish their work is still unknown. Where we will go has not been decided. ①When and where to hold the meeting is not decided.

28、②When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch are not decided. 4) 由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語，謂語一般用單數(shù)(表語是復(fù)數(shù)時也可用復(fù)數(shù))；如果what從句是帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，主句的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 What they are after is money. What we want are/is promises. What he says and (what he) does do not agree. 16.由…or…, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but als

29、o…, not…but… 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致—就近原則。 ①Not only he but also I am invited. ②I or his brothers were to blame. ③Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting. ④Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 17. 當 there be/here be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 1. T

30、here is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 2. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3. Here is a letter and a book for you. 4. There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house. 18. 主語后跟 “with, along with, together with, like, unlike, bes

31、ides, but, except, including, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, and not +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞一般和前面的主語保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 2. Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. 3. He more than you is anxious to go there. 當堂檢測： 1.

32、It is often _____ that human beings are natur ally equipped to speak. (xx 全國II) A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said 2. — Why don’t we choose that road to save time? — The bridge to it _____. (xx 四川) A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be

33、 repaired 3. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ____ and I want to listen. (xx 湖南) A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 4. — Hi, Terry, can I use your puter for a while this afternoon? 　 — Sorry.

34、 ____. (xx江蘇) A. It’ s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____ not to touch any unattended bag.

35、 (xx 上海) A. had always been warned B. were always being warned C. are always warning D. always warned 6. The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. (xx 北京) A. treated　　 B. were treated　C. would treat　　D. would be treated 7. Linda,

36、 make sure the tables ____ before the guests arrive. (xx 全國II) A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ____. (xx 北京) A

37、. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 9. This coastal area _____ a national wildlife reserve last year. (xx 湖南) A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 10. You’ve failed to do what you ___ to and I’m a

38、fraid the teacher will blame you. (xx 四川) A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected 11. All visitors to this village _____ with kindness. (xx 四川) A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 12. After getting lost in a st

39、orm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later. (xx 上海) A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 13. — Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one _____. (xx 北京) A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had bee

40、n hurt The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three later. (xx 天津) A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 課后反思： ___________________________________________________

41、_______________________________________________________________________________________ 課后訓(xùn)練 單項填空 1. – Did you go to the show last night? – Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____ invited. (xx 陜西) A. were B. have been C. has been D. was 2. The teacher together with the stu

42、dents ___ discussing Reading Skills that ____ newly published in America. (xx 四川) A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 3. — Why does the lake smell terrible? — Because large quantities of water____. (xx 福建) A. have polluted B. is being polluted

43、 C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 4. Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (xx 湖南) A. are B. is C. have D. be 5. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will br

44、ing a lot of jobs to the area. (xx 江西) A. is B. are C. will be D. were 6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ rising steadily since1990. (xx 山東) A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7. Dr. Smith, together with

45、 his wife and daughters, _____ visit Beijing this summer. (xx 陜西) A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 8. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. (xx 全國Ⅱ) A. wear B. wears C. has worn D.

46、 have worn 9. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (xx 湖南) A. is B. are C. has D. have 10. Such poets as Shakespeare ____ widely read, of whose works, however, some ____ difficult to understand. (xx 四川) A. are; are

47、 B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 11. One third the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people. (xx 湖南) A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 12. The factory and 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ____

48、 saved for other purposes. (xx 安徽) A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. (xx 陜西) A. were B. was C. is D. are 14. All the scientific evidence ________ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ damaging our health. (xx 湖南) A. show；are B. shows；are C. show；is D. shows；is