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1、（浙江專(zhuān)用）2022年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪新優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化練11 Unit 1 Festivals around the world 新人教版必修3 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2018·浙江) As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(裝配線(xiàn)) on September 27,1908.Only

2、eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of th

3、e last century,the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project in h

4、istory. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have help

5、ed to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(過(guò)度的) energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for

6、the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(經(jīng)濟(jì)) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)的汽車(chē)

7、制造業(yè)對(duì)美國(guó)文化影響持久,然而其發(fā)展也帶來(lái)了一系列的問(wèn)題:能源消耗、氣候變暖、人口增長(zhǎng)等等。然而,綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)、綠色科技可成為解決這一系列問(wèn)題的新的突破口。 1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2? A.To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise

8、the effectiveness of America’s road system. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture...even the hamburger.”可知,作者提到hamburger是為了指出,汽車(chē)塑造了美國(guó)文化中最持久的方面,故選B項(xiàng)。 2.What has the use of cars in America led to? A.Decline of economy.　　　　B.Environmental proble

9、ms. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知,汽車(chē)的使用,導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)全球生態(tài)災(zāi)難,也就是B項(xiàng)提到的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,故選B項(xiàng)。 3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A.Ambiguous.　　　　　　B.Doubtful

10、. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant. 答案C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.”可知,他害怕最壞的情況,但卻抱著最好的希望。由此推斷,Friedman對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)仍然是充滿(mǎn)希望的。故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018·浙江溫州適應(yīng)性測(cè)試) I work for Mrs.Riley,an eighty-year-old neighbor.I 　1　 groceries for her at the supermarket and sometimes I dust and 　2　 he

11、r apartment.The best part,　3　,is taking care of Sam,her canary (金絲雀).He sings all the time and is always cheerful.I’m going to buy 　4　.But I don’t have enough money yet.　5　,soon.? Last Thursday I ran upstairs to Mrs.Riley’s.She was in bed.“You can’t　6　 for me anymore,girl.” Mrs.Riley said,“I can’t

12、　7　 to pay you.” I felt 　8　 to my stomach.How would I find another job?At dinner,I couldn’t eat.Mom said,“I feel 　9　 for her,Carla.She’s so alone up there.” Leaning over,Mom gave me a hug and said,“I’m glad we 　10　 each other.” That night I couldn’t 　11　.I kept thinking about Mrs.Riley.How would she

13、 get things from the store 　12　 me?? The next day I ran upstairs.Mrs.Riley was　13　 in bed.When I asked what she wanted that day,Mrs.Riley 　14　 me for a minute and then told me.When I got back,Mrs.Riley watched me 　15　.After a while,she spoke,“　16　 I can’t pay you,I’ll give you Sam.” My breath caugh

14、t in my throat.I couldn’t 　17　 it.But if I took Sam,Mrs.Riley would be all alone.Then I sighed,“I can’t take Sam.He 　18　 you.And you don’t have to pay me.” She reached out and patted my arm.“You’re a good 　19　,Carla.” Mrs.Riley said.I felt a lump in my throat.Who says friends have to be your own 　20

15、　?? 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在為一位八十歲的鄰居老人工作,照顧她的起居生活。但因?yàn)槔先艘褵o(wú)力支付工資,所以決定不再雇用作者來(lái)照顧自己。后來(lái)作者在媽媽的啟發(fā)和鼓勵(lì)下,繼續(xù)無(wú)償照顧老人,并與老人成了忘年之交。 1.A.buy B.deliver C.pack D.carry 答案A 解析根據(jù)上下文可知,作者為Mrs.Riley工作,照顧她的生活,包括去超市買(mǎi)(buy)日用品。deliver“遞送”;pack“打包”。 2.A.protect B.sweep C.furnish D.share 答案B 解析除了去超市買(mǎi)東西之外,作者還要打掃(sweep) Mrs.Ri

16、ley的房間。protect“保護(hù)”;furnish“布置家具”;share“分享”。 3.A.instead B.therefore C.though D.otherwise 答案C 解析作者的工作是幫助Mrs.Riley清潔灰塵、打掃房間等,然而(though),作者最喜歡做的還是照顧她的金絲雀。though此處作副詞,意為“然而”;instead“代替”;therefore“因此”;otherwise“否則”。 4.A.one B.it C.that D.this 答案A 解析根據(jù)上下文可知,作者也想要買(mǎi)一只金絲雀(one)。 5.A.Hopefully B.Curio

17、usly C.Occasionally D.Gradually 答案A 解析根據(jù)上文可知,作者想要買(mǎi)一只金絲雀,錢(qián)不夠,但有望(Hopefully)能很快實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)愿望。curiously“好奇地”;occasionally“偶爾”;gradually“逐漸地”。 6.A.talk B.pay C.work D.wait 答案C 解析根據(jù)下文中的“How would I find another job?”可知,Mrs.Riley決定不再雇用作者來(lái)為她工作(work)了。 7.A.bother B.expect C.offer D.afford 答案D 解析根據(jù)上下文,尤其

18、是“pay”可知,Mrs.Riley不再雇用作者的原因是沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)支付(afford)工資了。afford to do sth.意為“支付或承擔(dān)得起”。bother“打擾”;expect“期望”;offer“提供”。 8.A.sick B.cautious C.nervous D.guilty 答案A 解析根據(jù)下文中的“How would I find another job?”可知,作者突然沒(méi)有了工作之后,感到很難過(guò)和擔(dān)心。feel sick to one’s stomach本意為“感到惡心反胃”,此處指“感到難過(guò)和擔(dān)心”。cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”;nervous“緊張的”;g

19、uilty“愧疚的”。 9.A.sorry B.embarrassed C.ashamed D.strange 答案A 解析根據(jù)下文中的“She’s so alone up there.”可知,作者母親很同情Mrs.Riley。feel sorry for意為“同情;為……感到難過(guò)”。embarrassed“尷尬的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。 10.A.like B.have C.help D.connect 答案B 解析當(dāng)談起Mrs.Riley的情況時(shí),作者母親深有感觸地說(shuō)道:“很高興我們能擁有(have)彼此?！? 11.A.think B.understand C.s

20、leep D.speak 答案C 解析句意:那天晚上作者無(wú)法入睡(sleep)。 12.A.for B.with C.after D.without 答案D 解析根據(jù)上文可知,作者睡不著,一直在擔(dān)心鄰居Mrs.Riley:沒(méi)有(without)了自己的幫忙,她一個(gè)人怎么能從商店把東西買(mǎi)回家呢? 13.A.still B.just C.even D.ever 答案A 解析根據(jù)上文中的“She was in bed.”可知,第二天作者去看望Mrs.Riley的時(shí)候,她還仍然(still)躺在床上。 14.A.listened to B.looked at C.checked

21、 on D.reached for 答案B 解析根據(jù)上下文可推知,作者第二天仍然要為Mrs.Riley去商店購(gòu)買(mǎi)東西的行為出乎了她的意料,故她盯著作者看(looked at)了一會(huì)兒。check on“檢查”;reach for“伸手去取”。 15.A.on purpose B.with pride C.in silence D.for permission 答案C 解析根據(jù)下文可知,Mrs.Riley默默地(in silence)看著作者是在考慮該怎樣支付報(bào)酬。on purpose“故意地”;with pride“自豪地”。 16.A.Before B.Unless C.Un

22、til D.Since 答案D 解析句意:既然(since)我付不起工資,我會(huì)把金絲雀Sam給你。 17.A.bear B.believe C.ignore D.make 答案B 解析根據(jù)上文中的“My breath caught in my throat.”可知,作者聽(tīng)到Mrs.Riley的決定后感到難以置信(I couldn’t believe it)。bear“承受,容忍”;ignore“忽視”。 18.A.looks after B.belongs to C.works for D.depends on 答案B 解析根據(jù)上下文可知,Sam屬于(belongs to)

23、 Mrs.Riley。look after“照顧”;work for“為……工作”;depend on“依賴(lài)”。 19.A.assistant B.neighbor C.daughter D.friend 答案D 解析根據(jù)下文中的“friends”可知,Mrs.Riley把作者當(dāng)成了朋友(friend)。assistant“助手”。 20.A.sex B.mind C.age D.family 答案C 解析根據(jù)上文可知,兩人年齡相差較大,所以Mrs.Riley把作者當(dāng)朋友后,作者很感動(dòng):誰(shuí)說(shuō)朋友一定要是同齡(age)的呢? Ⅲ.概要寫(xiě)作 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞

24、左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Today,bicycles are so mon that it’s hard to believe they haven’t always been around.But about two hundred years ago,bicycles didn’t even exist,and the first bicycle,invented in Germany in 1818 was nothing like our bicycles today.Because it was made of wood,it wasn’t very strong nor did it

25、have pedals.Since then,however,numerous improvements have made it one of the most popular means of transportation around the world. In 1839,Kirkpatrick Macmillan,a Scottish blacksmith,invented a much better bicycle.Macmillan’s machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down.He a

26、lso used foot-operated levers,similar to pedals,so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace.It didn’t look much like the modern bicycle,though,because its back wheel was larger than its front wheel.Although Macmillan’s bicycles could be ridden easily,they were never produced in large numbers.In 1

27、861,Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. Ten years later,James Starley,an English inventor,revolutionized bicycle design.He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel,put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more ef

28、ficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes.Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride,it was still clumsy,extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene.Invented by another Englis

29、hman,H.J.Lawson,the safety bicycle would look familiar to today’s cyclists.The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels,which made it easier to ride.Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel.By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires,a dia

30、mond-shaped frame,and easy braking.With the improvements provided by Lawson,bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation.Today,they are built,used,and enjoyed all over the world. ? ? ? ? ? ? 參考范文 The first bike invented in 1818 was quite different from the one today,and si

31、nce then it has been improved constantly.(要點(diǎn)1)Twenty-one years later,it began to have types with iron rims and in 1861 it was equipped with crank mechanism.(要點(diǎn)2)Then in 1871,a gear was added to its pedals and its wheels turned into wire spokes which reduced the weight.(要點(diǎn)3)Finally,in 1874 a chain was attached to its pedals,by which time it looked like the bike today.(要點(diǎn)4)