2020屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時檢測（二十一）閱讀理解主旨大意類之全文大意題與段落大意題 牛津版

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1、專題限時檢測(二十一)　閱讀理解主旨大意類之全文大意題與段落大意題 (加★的為全文大意題或段落大意題，本卷限時24分鐘) A (2020·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高三第四次模擬考試)(REUTERS/Jason Lee) Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of China’s Central Bank, a high-level Chinese official on Sunday made the government’s first admission that the country’s economic slowdown was not going as planned. He

2、told at a meeting of regional leaders that his country’s growth_rate_had_tumbled “a bit too much”． “China’s inflation is also declining, so we need to be very careful to see if the disinflation trend will continue, and if deflation will happen or not，” said Zhou. His remarks were made at the Boao F

3、orum for Asia, an annual conference on the island of Hainan in southern China. Zhou added that China could “have room to act” by taking “quantitative measures” and setting interest rates. For many, the way he described China’s health was no surprise. The country’s economy has not been growing this

4、slowly since the 1990s. Companies in debt are seeing sickly profit margins. Banks are carrying loads of debt, too, and the housing market is slowing. China’s official 2020 GDP growth target is 7%, but that seems shaky. Acknowledging that significant intervention has to be on the table is a big deal

5、 for China. Everyone has known for years that this slowdown was coming because the government is purposely transitioning its economy from one based on foreign investment to one based on domestic consumption. It is a brutal process, but the government knows it is the only way the country will become

6、the self-sustaining superpower it wants to be. (Barlcays) Until now, while the Chinese government had acknowledged the slowdown was rough, it had assured the world that the situation was under control. Just a few weeks ago, Chinese officials were saying they would be monitoring deflation but still

7、were not that keen on intervening with policy measures. Now it seems they are warming to the idea. In January, China’s headline consumer price inflation hit 0.8%, then it bounced back up to 1.4% in February. March probably isn’t looking that great either from the People’s Bank of China’s point.

8、“Widening PPI deflation and soft CPI inflation, especially after adjusting for seasonal effects, point to persistent deflation risks，” Barclays wrote after February’s number came out.“In our view, the monetary policy needs to be more ’proactive’ in order to deal with the cyclical challenges in the n

9、ear term.” 1．Which of the following illustrates “growth rate had tumbled” in Paragraph 1? A．Setting interest rates. 　B．Economic transition. C．Bounce of CPI. D．FIGURE 1. 2．We can infer from the passage that one of the solutions to the slowdown could be________if needed. A．monitoring deflation

10、 B．expanding foreign investment C．making new policy measures D．reducing domestic consumption ★3.What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Zhou’s admission is a big deal and a little bit irresponsible B．The Chinese government has admitted that things aren’t going so well C．China should be more act

11、ive in its struggle against inflation D．China’s economy has been growing fast since the 1990s B (2020·無錫市普通高中高三期末考試)When Major Mary Jennings Hegar was serving as a captain in Afghanistan, her aircraft was shot down by enemy fire while she and her crew were taking back injured soldiers. Though inj

12、ured, she completed the rescue mission (任務(wù)) while under fire on the ground and received the Purple Heart and the Distinguished Flying Cross for “outstanding heroism and selfless devotion to duty”． However, Hegar did not get credit for serving in combat (戰(zhàn)斗), for it is illegal for women to be in off

13、icial combat positions and to get the benefits that come with them. Hegar and three other servicewomen filed a lawsuit (訴訟) in federal court in San Francisco on Nov. 27 in a long-overdue challenge to the Pentagon’s (五角大樓) ban. Women have always served in the military (and lost their lives), but Con

14、gress and the Pentagon have limits on them. In 1988 the military adopted the “risk rule”， which allowed women to be kept out of even noncombat positions if they were likely to be at risk of being fired on or captured (被俘). In 1994 it dropped that rule, but then Secretary of Defense Les Aspin adopted

15、 the ban on placing women in official ground combat positions, after a poll showed weak public support for allowing women to volunteer for combat. Many military women who constitute 14% of the 1.4 million active members of the military object to the policy because it stops them from applying for so

16、me 238,000 jobs and excludes (排除) them from certain promotions. It is particularly unfair because it doesn’t protect women in service. Fully 85% of women, who have served since Sept. 11, report having served in a combat zone or an area where they were faced with combat or immediate danger according

17、to the lawsuit, and half reported being involved in combat operations. At least 860 female troops have been wounded and 144 killed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. In fact, as Hegar’s suit argues, the ban actually puts women in greater danger. In many cases, women fight alongside men in “female en

18、gagement teams” that endure the same conditions, but because they are thought not combat eligible (有資格的) they may not have received proper training. The ban does another bad thing: drive talented women out of service. Hegar says she is asked to leave the Air National Guard for a Reserve Liaison pos

19、ition because she is excluded from jobs she would like to apply for. Another woman who is suing, Captain Alexandra Zoe Bedell who was sent twice to Afghanistan, left active duty last year, because of the combat exclusion policy. It is hard to see how the Pentagon could meet this burden. Clearly, wo

20、men are capable of taking challenging, dangerous combat assignments, because as the careers of Hegar and others like her have shown they are doing it now. The Pentagon’s policy is based on “outdated idea of women”， just the sort of thing the Constitution forbids. But the Pentagon should not wait fo

21、r the courts to order it to treat female service members equally. There can be little doubt that a court will eventually do just that and little doubt that, in the very near future, the no-combat rule, like the racial segregation (隔離) of troops and “Don’t ask, don’t tell” will seem like an ancient r

22、elic (遺物) of unenlightened (愚昧無知的) times. 4．What can we know about Major Mary Jennings Hegar from the first paragraph? A．She failed in the rescue mission. B．Her deeds were awarded by authorities. C．While taking back the injured soldiers some crew died. D．When she was serving as a captain her ai

23、rcraft crashed. 5．The underlined word “constitute” in the fourth paragraph means ________. A．take up　B．make up　C．set up　D．build up 6．Many military women objected to the policy mainly because ________. A．it had an effect on women’s rights B．it was unfair to protect women in service C．it prevent

24、ed them from some jobs and promotions D．it was opposed to women’s volunteering for combat ★7.What does the writer want to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A．Pentagon should stop the ban immediately. B．Pentagon will not obey the court’s decision. C．Pentagon should have more women soldiers. D

25、．The public should be patient with the Pentagon. 8．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Hegar was popular with other military women. B．The ban in fact reduced the number of the wounded. C．Women can carry out dangerous combat assignments. D．Pentagon’s policy treat

26、ed military men and women equally. C (2020·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)高三聯(lián)考)In the past, writing wasn’t very common in West Africa. In fact, none of the major early civilizations of West Africa developed a written language. Arabic was the only written language they used. The lack of a native written language does not me

27、an that the people of West Africa didn’t know their history, though. They passed on their tradition orally. An oral history is a spoken record of past events. The task of remembering and telling West Africa’s history was given to storytellers. The storytellers of early West Africa were called gri

28、ots. They enjoyed high social status because the people of West Africa were very interested in the deeds of their ancestors. Griots helped keep this history alive for each new generation. The griots’ stories were both entertaining and informative. They told of important past events and of the accom

29、plishments of distant ancestors. For example, some stories explained the rise and fall of the West African empires. Other stories described the actions of powerful kings and warriors (勇士). Some griots made their stories livelier by acting out the events like scenes in a play. In addition to stori

30、es, the griots recited proverbs, or short sayings of wisdom or truth. They used proverbs to teach lessons to the people. One West African proverb warns, “Talking doesn’t fill the basket on the farm.” This proverb reminds people that they must labor to accomplish things. It is not enough for people

31、 just to talk about what they want to do. In order to tell their stories and proverbs, the griots memorized hundreds of names and events. Through this memorization process the griots passed on West African history from generation to generation. However, some griots confused names and events in the

32、ir heads. When this happened, the facts of some historical events became distorted. 9．According to the first two paragraphs，________. A．the griots were good at making up stories B．West Africans didn’t use a written language C．West Africans knew little about their history D．the griots were high

33、ly respected in West Africa 10．The fourth paragraph is developed________. A．by example　　　　 　B．by space C．by time D．by comparison 11．The underlined word “distorted” in the last paragraph means “________”． A．known B．untrue C．lost D．important 12．What do we know about the griots? A．Their j

34、ob required a good memory. B．Most of them had a talent for acting. C．They still enjoy popularity nowadays. D．Their stories focused on the life of the kings. ★13.The passage is mainly about________. A．why storytellers appeared in West Africa B．a(chǎn)n unusual profession in West Africa C．how the gri

35、ots helped preserve history D．the early civilizations of West Africa 答 案 語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。主要內(nèi)容是中國政府承認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩這一事實(shí)。 1．選D　推理判斷題。題干中的illustrate意為“(用示例、圖畫等)說明，解釋”。根據(jù)文章并結(jié)合畫線短語中的“tumble”(跌落)可知，文中的圖表能夠說明“增速下跌”。故答案選D。 2．選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，制定新政策是應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩的一個解決方法。故答案選C。 3．選B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Zhou Xiaoch

36、uan, governor ... was not going as planned.”以及第五段中“the Chinese government had acknowledged the slowdown was rough ...”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文的主要內(nèi)容是中國政府承認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩的事實(shí)。故答案選B。 語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。雖然女兵和男兵一樣都可以在戰(zhàn)斗中執(zhí)行任務(wù)，但是美國的五角大樓和國會卻都限制女兵參戰(zhàn)，使得女兵沒有戰(zhàn)斗資格，不能做同男兵一樣的工作，不能升職。Mary Hegar和其他幾名女兵起訴了五角大樓的禁令。 4．選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，當(dāng)時

37、飛機(jī)是在她和隊員運(yùn)回傷員時被擊落的，且沒提到有人死亡，因此C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，盡管受傷了但她仍然完成了任務(wù)，為此她也受到了嘉獎，因此可以推斷，A項(xiàng)錯誤，B項(xiàng)正確，她的行為得到了權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的嘉獎。故答案選B。 5．選B　詞義猜測題。分析畫線單詞“constitute”所在的句子可知，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞women。該詞后面接了“14% of the 1.4 million active members of the military”，在四個選項(xiàng)中只有“make up(組成，占)”可以與其連用。 6．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“object to the

38、 policy because ... and excludes (排除) them from certain promotions”可知，許多女兵反對這項(xiàng)政策主要是因?yàn)樗鼤璧K女兵們申請工作和升職。故答案選C。 7．選A　段落大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句和最后一段第一句可知，五角大樓的這項(xiàng)規(guī)定是基于一種對女性的過時的看法而制定的，但是他們不應(yīng)該等著國會通過才平等地對待女兵。因此最后兩段主要是說五角大樓應(yīng)該立即停止這項(xiàng)限制女兵的禁令。故答案選A。 8．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Clearly, women are capable of taking ... they are

39、 doing it now.”可知，女兵同樣可以出色地執(zhí)行危險的戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)。故答案選C。 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了西非的歷史通過史詩演唱藝人們而得以流傳。 9．選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“The storytellers of early West Africa were called griots. They enjoyed high social status”可知，史詩演唱藝人社會地位高，受人尊敬。 10．選A　文段結(jié)構(gòu)題。第四段以一條諺語為例，對該段的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了說明。 11．選B　詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系前一句“However, some griots confused names and events in their heads.”可知，有些史詩演唱藝人會把歷史信息搞混，因此一些史實(shí)會被歪曲。故此處distorted可以被理解為untrue。 12．選A　推理判斷題。西非的史詩演唱藝人不僅需要記住很多歷史故事，還需要背誦格言、諺語等，故他們需要有很強(qiáng)的記憶力。 13．選C　主旨大意題。西非的史詩演唱藝人們通過口頭傳播的方式保存了他們的歷史，本文對此進(jìn)行了說明。