2020年高考英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)高分巧突破 第1部分 動詞和動詞短語

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1、動詞和動詞短語 動詞詞義辨析 1．(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)The watch was very good, and he ________ 20 percent down for it. A．paid　　　　　　　　　　 B．cost C．bought D．spent 解析：選A　考查動詞辨析。句意：那塊表很不錯(cuò)，他以20%的折扣價(jià)買下了它。A項(xiàng)表示“支付”，后跟具體的錢數(shù)，與for搭配，故選A。B項(xiàng)的主語一般是物；C項(xiàng)后面一般用“商品”作賓語，可排除；D項(xiàng)與后面的介詞不搭配，其后應(yīng)用介詞on。 2．(2020

2、·福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ________ spending quite a lot of time with students. A．enjoys B．involves C．practices D．suggests 解析：選B　考查動詞辨析。句意：米歇爾找到了一份高中教師的工作，(這份工作)需要和學(xué)生待在一起的時(shí)間比較長。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜歡”；practice“練習(xí)”；su

3、ggest“建議”。 3．(2020·湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to ________ with the local police within two weeks of arrival. A．a(chǎn)ssociate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register 解析：選D　考查動詞辨析。句意：按照該法律，所有的外國人在到來的兩周內(nèi)必須在當(dāng)?shù)鼐降怯洝＿@里說的是在警方登記，故用register，表示“登記，注冊”。ass

4、ociate“使聯(lián)合，聯(lián)想”；dispute“爭論”；negotiate“協(xié)商，談判”。 4．(2020·江蘇高考)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it. —Me too.The character of the town is well ________. A．qualified B．preserved C．decorated D．simplified 解析：選B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)題意可知，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的特色保留得很好，因此選preserved表示“保存

5、，保護(hù)”。qualify“使合格，使具備資格”；decorate“裝飾”；simplify“使簡化”。 動詞詞義辨析一直都是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，這類題絕大多數(shù)情況下所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義各不相同，沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性，此時(shí)考查的是對題干和語境的理解。偶爾也考查近義詞的辨析。近三年考查到的還有： ①sacrifice (犧牲); substitute (代替); simplify (簡化); survive ②conclude; lead; avoid (避免); hold ③persuade(說服); promise; invite; support ④open; narrow; widen;

6、leave ⑤make; turn; take; have ⑥differ; shrink (收縮); fail; decline (下降) ⑦sponsor (贊助); launch (發(fā)射); organize; plan ⑧tell; remind (提醒); warn; advise 動詞的一詞多義和熟詞新義 (2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A．check

7、 B．a(chǎn)llow C．stop D．help 解析：選D　考查動詞辨析。句意：盡量不要過多咳嗽，因?yàn)榭人赃^多可能引發(fā)你的肺部問題。not more than one can help意為“能少盡量少”，符合句意。 動詞的一詞多義或熟詞新義是考查的難點(diǎn)，例如上文提到的help，大家都熟悉的意思為“幫助”，但高考考查的是“忍住”。動詞的熟詞新義請參見本書附錄。 1．(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)At the last moment, Tom decided to ________ a new charac

8、ter to make the story seem more likely. A．put up　　　　　　　　 B．put in C．put on D．put off 解析：選B　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在最后的時(shí)刻，湯姆決定添加一個(gè)新人物，以使故事顯得更真實(shí)。put up“建造”；put in“添上”；put on“穿上”；put off“推遲”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 2．(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Would you like to ________ with us to the film tonig

9、ht? A．come along B．come off C．come across D．come through 解析：選A　考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)句意“你今晚愿意和我們一起去看電影嗎？”可知，此處意為“跟隨”。come along“跟著來，跟隨”，符合句意。come off“舉行，發(fā)生，成功”；come across“偶然遇見”；come through“(重病后)康復(fù)”。 3．(2020·湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time __

10、______ for sleep —pure and simple. A．set aside B．set down C．set off D．set up 解析：選A　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在很多動物世界里，夜晚完全是用來睡覺的時(shí)間。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，撥出(時(shí)間等)”，符合句意。set down“寫下”；set off“出發(fā)，引起”；set up“建立”。 4．(2020·江蘇高考)Team leaders must ens

11、ure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. A．get over B．look over C．take over D．come over 解析：選A　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須確保所有的成員克服他們自然想要避免因犯錯(cuò)而帶來的尷尬。get over“克服”，符合句意。look over“檢查”；take over“接

12、管”；come over“順便來訪”。 動詞短語的辨析是動詞考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上單個(gè)動詞的辨析也是考查所構(gòu)成短語的辨析?？偟膩碚f，動詞短語的辨析可分為三種：一是以動詞為主體詞的辨析；二是以副詞或介詞為主體詞的辨析；三是無關(guān)聯(lián)的動詞短語的辨析。下面就常見的動詞短語做如下總結(jié)： 一、以動詞為主體詞的短語 1．break break away from 　　　 脫離 break down 壞掉；分解；垮下來 break out 爆發(fā) break in 打斷；闖入 break into 闖入 break through

13、 突破 break up 打碎；分解；分手 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2020·福建高考) 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中癱瘓的時(shí)候，老式電話起到重要作用。 2．bring bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致 bring down 使降低，使下降 bring in 引進(jìn)；賺進(jìn) bring up 撫養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐 bring out 取出；出版；生產(chǎn)；闡明 Born into a family with three

14、brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.(2020·福建高考) 因?yàn)榇笮l(wèi)出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此養(yǎng)成了分享意識。 3．come come along 跟隨 come out 出現(xiàn)；出版；結(jié)果是 come about 發(fā)生 come across 偶遇 come to 共計(jì) come up 出現(xiàn)；被提出 come up with 提出 She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while

15、 she was shopping at the department store.(2020·天津高考) 昨天她在百貨商店購物時(shí)遇到了一位老朋友。 4．cut cut in 插嘴 cut off 切斷 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒，削減 My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.(2020·陜西高考) 我叔叔一直沒能戒煙，但至少減少了吸煙的量。 5．get get away 外出度假 get in 收割 get

16、into 進(jìn)入；養(yǎng)成 get through 完成；通過；解決；接通電話 get over 克服 get across 被理解；使通過 get off 下車/船/馬/飛機(jī)等 get down to 著手做 get up 起床；起身 Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left.(2020·四川高考) 珍妮正在找座位，幸運(yùn)的是，這時(shí)一個(gè)人起身離開了。 6．go go against 違背 go over 預(yù)習(xí)；復(fù)習(xí) go out

17、 外出；熄滅 go without 沒有……也行；沒有……也可以勉強(qiáng)對付 To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test.(2020·四川高考) 要想取得更好的成績，你應(yīng)該在考試前再復(fù)習(xí)一下筆記。 7. look look through 瀏覽；透過……看 look into 調(diào)查 look up 向上看；查找 look up to 尊敬；敬仰 look round/around 環(huán)顧 I often look up the wo

18、rds I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.(2020·四川高考) 我經(jīng)常在詞典或網(wǎng)上查閱不認(rèn)識的單詞。 8. make make out 辨認(rèn)出 make up 組成；編造 make up with 彌補(bǔ) make the best of 充分利用 The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to make the best of it.(2020·浙江高考) 這所學(xué)校

19、并不是我真正想去的學(xué)校，但既然來了，我還是想充分利用它。 9. put put in 放進(jìn)，寫進(jìn) put away 收起，儲存 put out 撲滅；出版；生產(chǎn) put down 寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓 put off 推遲 put on 穿上；上演 put up 張貼；舉起；建造 put forward 提出 Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.(2020

20、·全國卷Ⅰ) 瑪麗確實(shí)很擅長課堂上做筆記，她幾乎能把老師講的每一個(gè)單詞都記下來。 10．set set aside 撥出；置于一旁 set up 建立；豎立 set out 著手(做……)；出發(fā) set about 著手(做……) set off 出發(fā)，引爆 Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2020·安徽高考) 傳統(tǒng)

21、上，大學(xué)生在開始他們的人生旅途之前會舉行畢業(yè)典禮來鼓勵(lì)自己。 11．take take up 開始從事；占據(jù)；拿起 take apart 拆卸 take in 欺騙，吸收 take off 起飛；騰飛；脫掉 take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用 take over 接管 Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.(2020·遼寧高考) 羅德喜歡拆卸鐘表，可是他從未能再組裝上過。 12．turn turn

22、out 結(jié)果證明 turn to 求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向 turn in 上交 turn down 拒絕，把音量開小 turn on 打開 turn off 關(guān)掉 turn up 出現(xiàn)；把音量開高 turn over 翻開 —You look upset. What's the matter? —I had my proposal turned down again.(2020·江蘇高考) ——你看上去不高興，怎么了？ ——我的建議又被拒絕了。 二、以副詞或介詞為主體詞的短語 13．out wear out

23、 穿爛；用壞 work out 解出；進(jìn)展順利 let out 放出；發(fā)出；泄露 leave out 遺漏 figure out 弄清 burst out 爆發(fā) rule out 排除 point out 指出 carry out 貫徹 You can't predict everything. Often things don't work out as you expect.(2020·江西高考) 你不可能預(yù)知一切，往往事情并不如你所愿。 14．up build up 增強(qiáng) keep u

24、p 保持；鼓起 speed up 加速 pick up 拾起；收聽/看；用車接送/裝運(yùn)；無意學(xué)會 send up 發(fā)射 use up 用完 hang up 掛斷 end up 結(jié)束 split up 分裂；分手 stay up 熬夜 ①Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.(2020·湖北高考) 這個(gè)男孩獨(dú)自在黑暗中走著，吹著口哨為自己鼓氣。 ②It's surprising that your brother pi

25、cked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.(2020·四川高考) 你弟弟學(xué)會俄語那么快真令人驚訝——他并沒在那里住多長時(shí)間。 15．off pay off 還清；回報(bào) show off 炫耀 give off 放出 The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.(2020·安徽高考) 當(dāng)這名運(yùn)動員最后獲得奧運(yùn)金牌時(shí)，她多年的刻苦訓(xùn)練得到了回報(bào)。 三

26、、無關(guān)聯(lián)的動詞短語 see to 處理；解決 fight for 為……而戰(zhàn) agree with 同意；適合 do without 沒有……也勉強(qiáng)對付 fit in 適合 live up to 達(dá)到；不辜負(fù) run away from 逃走；避開 ①I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.(2020·湖北高考) 我很高興你親自來這里處理此事。 ②You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya mu

27、st agree with you, I suppose.(2020·陜西高考) 你氣色很好，我想三亞的空氣和海鮮肯定適合你。 1．(2020·濟(jì)南市一模)—I will have to think about it again. —If you ________， you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether. A．hesitate B．wonder C．continue D．fail 解析：選A　句意：“我必須再次好好考慮一下?！?/p>

28、“如果你猶豫不決，你可能會失去這個(gè)比賽的好機(jī)會?！県esitate“猶豫；遲疑”；wonder“想知道”；continue“繼續(xù)”；fail“失敗”。 2．(2020·杭州外國語高中模擬)It has been reported that some government leaders ________ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. A．overlook B．employ C．a(chǎn)bandon

29、 D．a(chǎn)buse 解析：選D　句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，一些政府官員濫用職權(quán)非法為自己謀取利益。overlook“俯瞰”；employ“雇用”；abandon“遺棄；拋棄”；abuse“濫用；辱罵”。 3．(2020·山東日照高三檢測)Look before you leap! Why not ________ the advantages against the risks before you start? A．weigh B．match C．defend D．fight 解析：選A　考查

30、動詞詞義辨析。句意：三思而后行，為何不在開始以前權(quán)衡一下利弊呢？weigh此處意為“權(quán)衡，認(rèn)真考慮”之意。 4．(2020·山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三二模)—What's the matter with John? He has been sitting there for hours. —A postcard from his father ________ an attack of home-sickness in him. A．took up B．set off C．brought in D．built up

31、解析：選B　句意：“約翰怎么了？他一直在那兒坐了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。”“父親寄來的明信片使他想家?！眛ake up“拿起；占據(jù)；從事”；set off“出發(fā)；引起；使爆炸”；bring in“帶來；引進(jìn)”；build up“逐漸建立”。 5．(2020·無錫市高三二模)All her hard work ________ in the end, and she finally passed the exam. A．paid back B．paid off C．brought out D．brought off 解析：選B

32、　句意：所有的努力最終得到了回報(bào)，她通過了考試。pay back“歸還”；pay off“還清；有回報(bào)”；bring out“拿出”；bring off“取消”。 6．(2020·濰坊市高三二模)Robert has rich work experience, so it will ________ for his lack of academic knowledge. A．pick up B．take up C．bring up D．make up 解析：選D　句意：羅伯特有豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此會彌補(bǔ)他

33、學(xué)術(shù)知識的缺乏。pick up“撿起；接受；偶然學(xué)會；情況好轉(zhuǎn)”；take up“拿起；從事；占據(jù)”；bring up“撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐”；make up for“彌補(bǔ)”。 7．(2020·石家莊高三二模)—Jack, this is the third time that you have been late this week. —Sorry, sir, but I was ________ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam. A．given up B．put up C．tak

34、en up D．held up 解析：選D　句意：“杰克，這是你本周第三次遲到了。”“很抱歉，先生，但我在來這里的路上遇到了長達(dá)15分鐘的堵車?！眀e held up“受阻”，符合題意。give up“放棄”；put up“舉起；張貼；留宿”；take up“拿起；從事；占據(jù)”。 8．(2020·山東濰坊高三模擬)The sale of the company's new product is good. It has ________ two million dollars so far. A．carried on B．kept up C．brought in D．consisted of 解析：選C　考查動詞短語辨析。carry on表示“經(jīng)營，進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)開展”；keep up表示“保持，維持，繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持”；bring in表示“帶來，引進(jìn)，掙，賺入”；consist of表示“由……組成，由……構(gòu)成”。根據(jù)題干語境可知，brought in為最佳答案。